Emphasizing the link between blood types in multi-ethnic disparities and COVID-19 infection in Makkah, Saudi Arabia
To analyze the impact and distribution of blood groups in different ethnicities and the extent of susceptibility to infection with COVID-19 in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. A retrospective study was performed on 4,609 COVID-19 patients from five ethnic groups to assess the impact and distribution of differe...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Saudi medical journal 2022-02, Vol.43 (2), p.177-186 |
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| creator | Nasif, Wesam A Ali, Abeer S E Khogeer, Asim A Mukhtar, Mohammed H NourEldein, Mohamed M Shebly, Ahmed Y Alqahtani, Shmukh H Alnashri, Yahya A Khouj, Ghidaa E Gadah, Ziyad I Althubiti, Mohammad A |
| description | To analyze the impact and distribution of blood groups in different ethnicities and the extent of susceptibility to infection with COVID-19 in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
A retrospective study was performed on 4,609 COVID-19 patients from five ethnic groups to assess the impact and distribution of different blood types and susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. The study was carried out between November 2020 and June 2021 in the College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University in collaboration with the General Directorate of Health Affairs, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Blood group (A, B, and O) distributions in 2,617 COVID-19 patients with local control populations was done. Our study found that in both Saudi and non-Saudi populations, blood groups O and A were associated with higher infection rates, whereas blood group AB was associated with lower infection rates (
=0.0001). COVID-19 seems to be associated with blood groups A, B, and AB (RR=3.23, 95% CI=2.702-3.821,
=0.0001). COVID-19 risk was lower in people with O blood group (RR=0.783, 95% CI=0.733-0.836,
=0.0001). South Asians had higher odds of COVID-19 infection when compared to Saudi cases and other ethnic groups (OR=1.12, 95 % CI: 1.074-1.24,
=0.04).
We emphasize that COVID-19 infection is not proportional among ethnically related blood groups. Notably, RhD-negative protect against COVID-19, whereas A and O blood types are more susceptible. Thus, when assessing COVID-19 prognosis and vaccination priority, blood groups A and O are critical. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.15537/smj.2022.43.2.20210847 |
| format | Article |
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A retrospective study was performed on 4,609 COVID-19 patients from five ethnic groups to assess the impact and distribution of different blood types and susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. The study was carried out between November 2020 and June 2021 in the College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University in collaboration with the General Directorate of Health Affairs, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Blood group (A, B, and O) distributions in 2,617 COVID-19 patients with local control populations was done. Our study found that in both Saudi and non-Saudi populations, blood groups O and A were associated with higher infection rates, whereas blood group AB was associated with lower infection rates (
=0.0001). COVID-19 seems to be associated with blood groups A, B, and AB (RR=3.23, 95% CI=2.702-3.821,
=0.0001). COVID-19 risk was lower in people with O blood group (RR=0.783, 95% CI=0.733-0.836,
=0.0001). South Asians had higher odds of COVID-19 infection when compared to Saudi cases and other ethnic groups (OR=1.12, 95 % CI: 1.074-1.24,
=0.04).
We emphasize that COVID-19 infection is not proportional among ethnically related blood groups. Notably, RhD-negative protect against COVID-19, whereas A and O blood types are more susceptible. Thus, when assessing COVID-19 prognosis and vaccination priority, blood groups A and O are critical.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0379-5284</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1658-3175</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.2.20210847</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35110343</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Saudi Arabia: Saudi Medical Journal</publisher><subject>Age groups ; Asian people ; Blood & organ donations ; Blood Group Antigens ; Blood groups ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; Ethnicity ; Gender ; Health aspects ; Humans ; Infections ; Males ; Medical research ; Minority & ethnic groups ; Original ; Patients ; Population ; Proteins ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Saudi Arabia - epidemiology ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Viruses ; West Nile virus</subject><ispartof>Saudi medical journal, 2022-02, Vol.43 (2), p.177-186</ispartof><rights>Copyright: © Saudi Medical Journal.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2022 Saudi Medical Journal</rights><rights>Saudi Medical Journal 2022. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution – Non-Commercial License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0 (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Copyright: © Saudi Medical Journal 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c512t-a61ed8c5ef658e17754011b0abf1d9daeb569c1ca6a6918e896941ad9b690b933</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9127910/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9127910/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35110343$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Nasif, Wesam A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ali, Abeer S E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khogeer, Asim A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mukhtar, Mohammed H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>NourEldein, Mohamed M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shebly, Ahmed Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alqahtani, Shmukh H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alnashri, Yahya A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khouj, Ghidaa E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gadah, Ziyad I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Althubiti, Mohammad A</creatorcontrib><title>Emphasizing the link between blood types in multi-ethnic disparities and COVID-19 infection in Makkah, Saudi Arabia</title><title>Saudi medical journal</title><addtitle>Saudi Med J</addtitle><description>To analyze the impact and distribution of blood groups in different ethnicities and the extent of susceptibility to infection with COVID-19 in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
A retrospective study was performed on 4,609 COVID-19 patients from five ethnic groups to assess the impact and distribution of different blood types and susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. The study was carried out between November 2020 and June 2021 in the College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University in collaboration with the General Directorate of Health Affairs, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Blood group (A, B, and O) distributions in 2,617 COVID-19 patients with local control populations was done. Our study found that in both Saudi and non-Saudi populations, blood groups O and A were associated with higher infection rates, whereas blood group AB was associated with lower infection rates (
=0.0001). COVID-19 seems to be associated with blood groups A, B, and AB (RR=3.23, 95% CI=2.702-3.821,
=0.0001). COVID-19 risk was lower in people with O blood group (RR=0.783, 95% CI=0.733-0.836,
=0.0001). South Asians had higher odds of COVID-19 infection when compared to Saudi cases and other ethnic groups (OR=1.12, 95 % CI: 1.074-1.24,
=0.04).
We emphasize that COVID-19 infection is not proportional among ethnically related blood groups. Notably, RhD-negative protect against COVID-19, whereas A and O blood types are more susceptible. Thus, when assessing COVID-19 prognosis and vaccination priority, blood groups A and O are critical.</description><subject>Age groups</subject><subject>Asian people</subject><subject>Blood & organ donations</subject><subject>Blood Group Antigens</subject><subject>Blood groups</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>Ethnicity</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Minority & ethnic groups</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>Saudi Arabia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><subject>West Nile virus</subject><issn>0379-5284</issn><issn>1658-3175</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNptUluP1CAYJUbjzo7-BSXx1Va-Umh5MZnM7uoma_bByyuhQKfMtLQWqll_vYx70U0MDxC-c07OgYPQayA5MEard2HY5wUpirykeXE8AanL6glaAWd1RqFiT9GK0EpkrKjLE3Qawp4Qyjnhz9EJZQCElnSFwvkwdSq4X87vcOws7p0_4MbGn9Z63PTjaHC8mWzAzuNh6aPLbOy809i4MKnZRZdmyhu8vf52eZaBSMDW6uhGf6R8UoeD6t7iz2oxDm9m1Tj1Aj1rVR_sy7t9jb5enH_Zfsyurj9cbjdXmWZQxExxsKbWzLYpkoWqYiUBaIhqWjDCKNswLjRoxRUXUNtacFGCMqLhgjSC0jV6f6s7Lc1gjbY-zqqX0-wGNd_IUTn5eOJdJ3fjDymgqER6oDV6cycwj98XG6Lcj8vsk2dZcEooEUKwv6id6q1M6cckpgcXtNwkR7QmDKqEyv-DSsvYwenR29al-0eE6pag5zGE2bYPxoHIPyWQqQTyWAJZUlnI-xIk5qt_cz_w7n-d_gbcva3X</recordid><startdate>202202</startdate><enddate>202202</enddate><creator>Nasif, Wesam A</creator><creator>Ali, Abeer S E</creator><creator>Khogeer, Asim A</creator><creator>Mukhtar, Mohammed H</creator><creator>NourEldein, Mohamed M</creator><creator>Shebly, Ahmed Y</creator><creator>Alqahtani, Shmukh H</creator><creator>Alnashri, Yahya A</creator><creator>Khouj, Ghidaa E</creator><creator>Gadah, Ziyad I</creator><creator>Althubiti, Mohammad A</creator><general>Saudi Medical Journal</general><general>Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202202</creationdate><title>Emphasizing the link between blood types in multi-ethnic disparities and COVID-19 infection in Makkah, Saudi Arabia</title><author>Nasif, Wesam A ; 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A retrospective study was performed on 4,609 COVID-19 patients from five ethnic groups to assess the impact and distribution of different blood types and susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. The study was carried out between November 2020 and June 2021 in the College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University in collaboration with the General Directorate of Health Affairs, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Blood group (A, B, and O) distributions in 2,617 COVID-19 patients with local control populations was done. Our study found that in both Saudi and non-Saudi populations, blood groups O and A were associated with higher infection rates, whereas blood group AB was associated with lower infection rates (
=0.0001). COVID-19 seems to be associated with blood groups A, B, and AB (RR=3.23, 95% CI=2.702-3.821,
=0.0001). COVID-19 risk was lower in people with O blood group (RR=0.783, 95% CI=0.733-0.836,
=0.0001). South Asians had higher odds of COVID-19 infection when compared to Saudi cases and other ethnic groups (OR=1.12, 95 % CI: 1.074-1.24,
=0.04).
We emphasize that COVID-19 infection is not proportional among ethnically related blood groups. Notably, RhD-negative protect against COVID-19, whereas A and O blood types are more susceptible. Thus, when assessing COVID-19 prognosis and vaccination priority, blood groups A and O are critical.</abstract><cop>Saudi Arabia</cop><pub>Saudi Medical Journal</pub><pmid>35110343</pmid><doi>10.15537/smj.2022.43.2.20210847</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Saudi medical journal, 2022-02, Vol.43 (2), p.177-186 |
| issn | 0379-5284 1658-3175 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; PubMed Central Open Access |
| subjects | Age groups Asian people Blood & organ donations Blood Group Antigens Blood groups Coronaviruses COVID-19 Ethnicity Gender Health aspects Humans Infections Males Medical research Minority & ethnic groups Original Patients Population Proteins Retrospective Studies SARS-CoV-2 Saudi Arabia - epidemiology Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Viruses West Nile virus |
| title | Emphasizing the link between blood types in multi-ethnic disparities and COVID-19 infection in Makkah, Saudi Arabia |
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