Investigating Racial Differences in Allostatic Load by Educational Attainment among Non-Hispanic Black and White Men
Education continues to be a key factor contributing to increased access to critical life-improving opportunities and has been found to be protective against Allostatic Load (AL). The purpose of this study was to assess AL among Non-Hispanic (NH) White and NH Black men with the same level of educatio...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of environmental research and public health 2022-04, Vol.19 (9), p.5486 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 9 |
| container_start_page | 5486 |
| container_title | International journal of environmental research and public health |
| container_volume | 19 |
| creator | Gilmore, Danielle R Carreño, Tzitzi Morán Zare, Hossein Moore, Justin X Rogers, Charles R Brooks, Ellen Petersen, Ethan Kennedy, Carson Thorpe, Jr, Roland J |
| description | Education continues to be a key factor contributing to increased access to critical life-improving opportunities and has been found to be protective against Allostatic Load (AL). The purpose of this study was to assess AL among Non-Hispanic (NH) White and NH Black men with the same level of education. We used 1999-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) data with an analytical sample of 6472 men (1842 NH Black and 4630 NH White), and nine biomarkers to measure AL, controlling for various demographic and health-related factors. NH Black men had a higher AL score than NH White men (39.1%, 842 vs. 37.7%, 1,975). Racial disparities in AL between NH Black and NH White men who have a college degree or above (PR: 1.49, CI: [1.24-1.80]) were observed. Models posited similar AL differences at every other level of education, although these were not statistically significant. The findings reveal that socioeconomic returns to education and the societal protective mechanisms associated with education vary greatly between White and Black men. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph19095486 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9105841</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2664799178</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-3c10f986d27c5b81bee2e5ae49bbe39ad1d033cf33adaf01bc13ca50d656cd753</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkU1vFDEMhiMEoqVw5YgiceEybbKZZJIL0lJaWmkLEgJxjDxJZjfLTLJNMpX675vSD7WcbNmPX9l-EXpPySFjihz5rUu7DVVE8VaKF2ifCkGaVhD68km-h97kvCWEyVao12iPcS5a2cl9VM7DlcvFr6H4sMY_wXgY8Vc_DC65YFzGPuDlOMZcKmHwKoLF_TU-sbOphRgqvSwFfJhcKBimWFW-x9Cc-byDUCe-jGD-YggW_9n44vCFC2_RqwHG7N7dxwP0-_Tk1_FZs_rx7fx4uWpMS2VpmKFkUFLYRWd4L2nv3MJxcK3qe8cUWGoJY2ZgDCwMhPaGMgOcWMGFsR1nB-jzne5u7idnTd0wwah3yU-QrnUEr593gt_odbzSihIuW1oFPt0LpHg51z_pyWfjxhGCi3PWCyHaTinayYp-_A_dxjnV9_yjGCFEyEWlDu8ok2LOyQ2Py1Cibw3Vzw2tAx-envCIPzjIbgDXE59q</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2663000682</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Investigating Racial Differences in Allostatic Load by Educational Attainment among Non-Hispanic Black and White Men</title><source>PubMed Central Free</source><source>Sociological Abstracts</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Gilmore, Danielle R ; Carreño, Tzitzi Morán ; Zare, Hossein ; Moore, Justin X ; Rogers, Charles R ; Brooks, Ellen ; Petersen, Ethan ; Kennedy, Carson ; Thorpe, Jr, Roland J</creator><creatorcontrib>Gilmore, Danielle R ; Carreño, Tzitzi Morán ; Zare, Hossein ; Moore, Justin X ; Rogers, Charles R ; Brooks, Ellen ; Petersen, Ethan ; Kennedy, Carson ; Thorpe, Jr, Roland J</creatorcontrib><description>Education continues to be a key factor contributing to increased access to critical life-improving opportunities and has been found to be protective against Allostatic Load (AL). The purpose of this study was to assess AL among Non-Hispanic (NH) White and NH Black men with the same level of education. We used 1999-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) data with an analytical sample of 6472 men (1842 NH Black and 4630 NH White), and nine biomarkers to measure AL, controlling for various demographic and health-related factors. NH Black men had a higher AL score than NH White men (39.1%, 842 vs. 37.7%, 1,975). Racial disparities in AL between NH Black and NH White men who have a college degree or above (PR: 1.49, CI: [1.24-1.80]) were observed. Models posited similar AL differences at every other level of education, although these were not statistically significant. The findings reveal that socioeconomic returns to education and the societal protective mechanisms associated with education vary greatly between White and Black men.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095486</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35564878</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>African Americans ; Biomarkers ; Black people ; Black white differences ; Cholesterol ; Education ; Educational attainment ; Ethnicity ; Higher education ; Hispanic people ; Low income groups ; Men ; Minority & ethnic groups ; Nutrition ; Population ; Race ; Race factors ; Racial differences ; Racial inequality ; Racism ; Risk factors ; Secondary schools ; Socioeconomic factors ; Statistical analysis ; White people</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022-04, Vol.19 (9), p.5486</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-3c10f986d27c5b81bee2e5ae49bbe39ad1d033cf33adaf01bc13ca50d656cd753</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-3c10f986d27c5b81bee2e5ae49bbe39ad1d033cf33adaf01bc13ca50d656cd753</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1090-3804 ; 0000-0002-5496-752X ; 0000-0002-5832-0854 ; 0000-0002-3571-8229</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9105841/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9105841/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27344,27924,27925,33774,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35564878$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gilmore, Danielle R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carreño, Tzitzi Morán</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zare, Hossein</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moore, Justin X</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rogers, Charles R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brooks, Ellen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petersen, Ethan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kennedy, Carson</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thorpe, Jr, Roland J</creatorcontrib><title>Investigating Racial Differences in Allostatic Load by Educational Attainment among Non-Hispanic Black and White Men</title><title>International journal of environmental research and public health</title><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><description>Education continues to be a key factor contributing to increased access to critical life-improving opportunities and has been found to be protective against Allostatic Load (AL). The purpose of this study was to assess AL among Non-Hispanic (NH) White and NH Black men with the same level of education. We used 1999-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) data with an analytical sample of 6472 men (1842 NH Black and 4630 NH White), and nine biomarkers to measure AL, controlling for various demographic and health-related factors. NH Black men had a higher AL score than NH White men (39.1%, 842 vs. 37.7%, 1,975). Racial disparities in AL between NH Black and NH White men who have a college degree or above (PR: 1.49, CI: [1.24-1.80]) were observed. Models posited similar AL differences at every other level of education, although these were not statistically significant. The findings reveal that socioeconomic returns to education and the societal protective mechanisms associated with education vary greatly between White and Black men.</description><subject>African Americans</subject><subject>Biomarkers</subject><subject>Black people</subject><subject>Black white differences</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Education</subject><subject>Educational attainment</subject><subject>Ethnicity</subject><subject>Higher education</subject><subject>Hispanic people</subject><subject>Low income groups</subject><subject>Men</subject><subject>Minority & ethnic groups</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Race</subject><subject>Race factors</subject><subject>Racial differences</subject><subject>Racial inequality</subject><subject>Racism</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Secondary schools</subject><subject>Socioeconomic factors</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>White people</subject><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><issn>1660-4601</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkU1vFDEMhiMEoqVw5YgiceEybbKZZJIL0lJaWmkLEgJxjDxJZjfLTLJNMpX675vSD7WcbNmPX9l-EXpPySFjihz5rUu7DVVE8VaKF2ifCkGaVhD68km-h97kvCWEyVao12iPcS5a2cl9VM7DlcvFr6H4sMY_wXgY8Vc_DC65YFzGPuDlOMZcKmHwKoLF_TU-sbOphRgqvSwFfJhcKBimWFW-x9Cc-byDUCe-jGD-YggW_9n44vCFC2_RqwHG7N7dxwP0-_Tk1_FZs_rx7fx4uWpMS2VpmKFkUFLYRWd4L2nv3MJxcK3qe8cUWGoJY2ZgDCwMhPaGMgOcWMGFsR1nB-jzne5u7idnTd0wwah3yU-QrnUEr593gt_odbzSihIuW1oFPt0LpHg51z_pyWfjxhGCi3PWCyHaTinayYp-_A_dxjnV9_yjGCFEyEWlDu8ok2LOyQ2Py1Cibw3Vzw2tAx-envCIPzjIbgDXE59q</recordid><startdate>20220430</startdate><enddate>20220430</enddate><creator>Gilmore, Danielle R</creator><creator>Carreño, Tzitzi Morán</creator><creator>Zare, Hossein</creator><creator>Moore, Justin X</creator><creator>Rogers, Charles R</creator><creator>Brooks, Ellen</creator><creator>Petersen, Ethan</creator><creator>Kennedy, Carson</creator><creator>Thorpe, Jr, Roland J</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7U4</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>DWI</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>WZK</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-3804</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5496-752X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5832-0854</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3571-8229</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220430</creationdate><title>Investigating Racial Differences in Allostatic Load by Educational Attainment among Non-Hispanic Black and White Men</title><author>Gilmore, Danielle R ; Carreño, Tzitzi Morán ; Zare, Hossein ; Moore, Justin X ; Rogers, Charles R ; Brooks, Ellen ; Petersen, Ethan ; Kennedy, Carson ; Thorpe, Jr, Roland J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-3c10f986d27c5b81bee2e5ae49bbe39ad1d033cf33adaf01bc13ca50d656cd753</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>African Americans</topic><topic>Biomarkers</topic><topic>Black people</topic><topic>Black white differences</topic><topic>Cholesterol</topic><topic>Education</topic><topic>Educational attainment</topic><topic>Ethnicity</topic><topic>Higher education</topic><topic>Hispanic people</topic><topic>Low income groups</topic><topic>Men</topic><topic>Minority & ethnic groups</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>Population</topic><topic>Race</topic><topic>Race factors</topic><topic>Racial differences</topic><topic>Racial inequality</topic><topic>Racism</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Secondary schools</topic><topic>Socioeconomic factors</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>White people</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gilmore, Danielle R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carreño, Tzitzi Morán</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zare, Hossein</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moore, Justin X</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rogers, Charles R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brooks, Ellen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petersen, Ethan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kennedy, Carson</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thorpe, Jr, Roland J</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (pre-2017)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Coronavirus Research Database</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gilmore, Danielle R</au><au>Carreño, Tzitzi Morán</au><au>Zare, Hossein</au><au>Moore, Justin X</au><au>Rogers, Charles R</au><au>Brooks, Ellen</au><au>Petersen, Ethan</au><au>Kennedy, Carson</au><au>Thorpe, Jr, Roland J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Investigating Racial Differences in Allostatic Load by Educational Attainment among Non-Hispanic Black and White Men</atitle><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><date>2022-04-30</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>5486</spage><pages>5486-</pages><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><eissn>1660-4601</eissn><abstract>Education continues to be a key factor contributing to increased access to critical life-improving opportunities and has been found to be protective against Allostatic Load (AL). The purpose of this study was to assess AL among Non-Hispanic (NH) White and NH Black men with the same level of education. We used 1999-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) data with an analytical sample of 6472 men (1842 NH Black and 4630 NH White), and nine biomarkers to measure AL, controlling for various demographic and health-related factors. NH Black men had a higher AL score than NH White men (39.1%, 842 vs. 37.7%, 1,975). Racial disparities in AL between NH Black and NH White men who have a college degree or above (PR: 1.49, CI: [1.24-1.80]) were observed. Models posited similar AL differences at every other level of education, although these were not statistically significant. The findings reveal that socioeconomic returns to education and the societal protective mechanisms associated with education vary greatly between White and Black men.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>35564878</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijerph19095486</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-3804</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5496-752X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5832-0854</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3571-8229</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1660-4601 |
| ispartof | International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022-04, Vol.19 (9), p.5486 |
| issn | 1660-4601 1661-7827 1660-4601 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_9105841 |
| source | PubMed Central Free; Sociological Abstracts; PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | African Americans Biomarkers Black people Black white differences Cholesterol Education Educational attainment Ethnicity Higher education Hispanic people Low income groups Men Minority & ethnic groups Nutrition Population Race Race factors Racial differences Racial inequality Racism Risk factors Secondary schools Socioeconomic factors Statistical analysis White people |
| title | Investigating Racial Differences in Allostatic Load by Educational Attainment among Non-Hispanic Black and White Men |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-28T13%3A31%3A02IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Investigating%20Racial%20Differences%20in%20Allostatic%20Load%20by%20Educational%20Attainment%20among%20Non-Hispanic%20Black%20and%20White%20Men&rft.jtitle=International%20journal%20of%20environmental%20research%20and%20public%20health&rft.au=Gilmore,%20Danielle%20R&rft.date=2022-04-30&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=5486&rft.pages=5486-&rft.issn=1660-4601&rft.eissn=1660-4601&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/ijerph19095486&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E2664799178%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2663000682&rft_id=info:pmid/35564878&rfr_iscdi=true |