Current Landscape of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary liver tumor. As a result of advanced disease being often present at diagnosis, only a small percentage of patients are amenable to curative-intent treatment options such as surgical resection and liver transplantation. Systemic therapy cons...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Cancers 2022-04, Vol.14 (8), p.2018 |
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| creator | Machairas, Nikolaos Tsilimigras, Diamantis I Pawlik, Timothy M |
| description | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary liver tumor. As a result of advanced disease being often present at diagnosis, only a small percentage of patients are amenable to curative-intent treatment options such as surgical resection and liver transplantation. Systemic therapy consisting of tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as sorafenib had been used for over a decade with limited efficacy. More recently, treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment landscape of various malignant tumors. With this shifting paradigm, recent data have demonstrated encouraging outcomes among patients with HCC. In particular, several trials have investigated the safety and efficacy of various immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) either as monotherapy or in the form of combined treatments. We sought to provide an overview of recent clinical trials among patients with advanced HCC as well as to highlight predictors of response and immune-related adverse events and to review the evidence on perioperative administration of ICI in patients with resectable HCC. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/cancers14082018 |
| format | Article |
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As a result of advanced disease being often present at diagnosis, only a small percentage of patients are amenable to curative-intent treatment options such as surgical resection and liver transplantation. Systemic therapy consisting of tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as sorafenib had been used for over a decade with limited efficacy. More recently, treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment landscape of various malignant tumors. With this shifting paradigm, recent data have demonstrated encouraging outcomes among patients with HCC. In particular, several trials have investigated the safety and efficacy of various immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) either as monotherapy or in the form of combined treatments. We sought to provide an overview of recent clinical trials among patients with advanced HCC as well as to highlight predictors of response and immune-related adverse events and to review the evidence on perioperative administration of ICI in patients with resectable HCC.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-6694</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-6694</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/cancers14082018</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35454923</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Adverse events ; Antigens ; Cancer therapies ; Clinical trials ; Cytotoxicity ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis C ; Hepatocellular carcinoma ; Immune checkpoint inhibitors ; Immunotherapy ; Infections ; Liver cancer ; Liver cirrhosis ; Liver diseases ; Liver transplantation ; Lymphocytes ; Malignancy ; Medical research ; Patients ; Protein-tyrosine kinase ; Review ; Tumors</subject><ispartof>Cancers, 2022-04, Vol.14 (8), p.2018</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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As a result of advanced disease being often present at diagnosis, only a small percentage of patients are amenable to curative-intent treatment options such as surgical resection and liver transplantation. Systemic therapy consisting of tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as sorafenib had been used for over a decade with limited efficacy. More recently, treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment landscape of various malignant tumors. With this shifting paradigm, recent data have demonstrated encouraging outcomes among patients with HCC. In particular, several trials have investigated the safety and efficacy of various immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) either as monotherapy or in the form of combined treatments. We sought to provide an overview of recent clinical trials among patients with advanced HCC as well as to highlight predictors of response and immune-related adverse events and to review the evidence on perioperative administration of ICI in patients with resectable HCC.</description><subject>Adverse events</subject><subject>Antigens</subject><subject>Cancer therapies</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Hepatitis B</subject><subject>Hepatitis C</subject><subject>Hepatocellular carcinoma</subject><subject>Immune checkpoint inhibitors</subject><subject>Immunotherapy</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Liver cancer</subject><subject>Liver cirrhosis</subject><subject>Liver diseases</subject><subject>Liver transplantation</subject><subject>Lymphocytes</subject><subject>Malignancy</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Protein-tyrosine kinase</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><issn>2072-6694</issn><issn>2072-6694</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkU1rGzEQhkVpaILjc25loZdenGj1sbIuhbIkjcGQi30WY3lUb7orbaXdQv59tNgNiXUYDcwzw7zzEnJT0lvONb2z4C3GVAq6ZLRcfiJXjCq2qCotPr_LL8k8pWeaH-elqtQXcsmlkEIzfkW29Rgj-qFYg98nCz0WwRWrrhs9FvUB7Z8-NLm88odm1wwhFpsDRuhfCpfzR-xhCBbbdmwhFjVE2_jQwTW5cNAmnJ_-Gdk-3G_qx8X66deq_rleWC7LYaFK69gOBQKTkqJVe8GYQmuVreReqSlQ4ZY7rpyEHEuhHUoGsNTIKsdn5Mdxbj_uOtzbLCRCa_rYdBBfTIDGfKz45mB-h39GUyZFvseMfD8NiOHviGkwXZMmPeAxjMmwSgqm8yl1Rr-doc9hjD7LmyimpdbVRN0dKRtDShHd2zIlNZNr5sy13PH1vYY3_r9H_BWdw5V8</recordid><startdate>20220416</startdate><enddate>20220416</enddate><creator>Machairas, Nikolaos</creator><creator>Tsilimigras, Diamantis I</creator><creator>Pawlik, Timothy M</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7994-9870</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3239-3905</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220416</creationdate><title>Current Landscape of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma</title><author>Machairas, Nikolaos ; 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As a result of advanced disease being often present at diagnosis, only a small percentage of patients are amenable to curative-intent treatment options such as surgical resection and liver transplantation. Systemic therapy consisting of tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as sorafenib had been used for over a decade with limited efficacy. More recently, treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment landscape of various malignant tumors. With this shifting paradigm, recent data have demonstrated encouraging outcomes among patients with HCC. In particular, several trials have investigated the safety and efficacy of various immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) either as monotherapy or in the form of combined treatments. 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| subjects | Adverse events Antigens Cancer therapies Clinical trials Cytotoxicity Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Hepatocellular carcinoma Immune checkpoint inhibitors Immunotherapy Infections Liver cancer Liver cirrhosis Liver diseases Liver transplantation Lymphocytes Malignancy Medical research Patients Protein-tyrosine kinase Review Tumors |
| title | Current Landscape of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
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