Synthesis, Characterization, and Modeling of Aligned ZnO Nanowire-Enhanced Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Composites
This paper presents the synthesis, characterization, and multiscale modeling of hybrid composites with enhanced interfacial properties consisting of aligned zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires and continuous carbon fibers. The atomic layer deposition method was employed to uniformly synthesize nanoscale ZnO...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Materials 2022-04, Vol.15 (7), p.2618 |
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description | This paper presents the synthesis, characterization, and multiscale modeling of hybrid composites with enhanced interfacial properties consisting of aligned zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires and continuous carbon fibers. The atomic layer deposition method was employed to uniformly synthesize nanoscale ZnO seeds on carbon fibers. Vertically aligned ZnO nanowires were grown from the deposited nanoscale seeds using the low-temperature hydrothermal method. Morphology and chemical compositions of ZnO nanowires were characterized to evaluate the quality of synthesized ZnO nanowires in hybrid fiber-reinforced composites. Single fiber fragmentation tests reveal that the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) in epoxy composites improved by 286%. Additionally, a multiscale modeling framework was developed to investigate the IFSS of hybrid composites with radially aligned ZnO nanowires. The cohesive zone model (CZM) was implemented to model the interface between fiber and matrix. The damage behavior of fiber was simulated using the ABAQUS user subroutine to define a material's mechanical behavior (UMAT). Both experimental and analytical results indicate that the hierarchical carbon fibers enhanced by aligned ZnO nanowires are effective in improving the key mechanical properties of hybrid fiber-reinforced composites. |
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The atomic layer deposition method was employed to uniformly synthesize nanoscale ZnO seeds on carbon fibers. Vertically aligned ZnO nanowires were grown from the deposited nanoscale seeds using the low-temperature hydrothermal method. Morphology and chemical compositions of ZnO nanowires were characterized to evaluate the quality of synthesized ZnO nanowires in hybrid fiber-reinforced composites. Single fiber fragmentation tests reveal that the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) in epoxy composites improved by 286%. Additionally, a multiscale modeling framework was developed to investigate the IFSS of hybrid composites with radially aligned ZnO nanowires. The cohesive zone model (CZM) was implemented to model the interface between fiber and matrix. The damage behavior of fiber was simulated using the ABAQUS user subroutine to define a material's mechanical behavior (UMAT). Both experimental and analytical results indicate that the hierarchical carbon fibers enhanced by aligned ZnO nanowires are effective in improving the key mechanical properties of hybrid fiber-reinforced composites.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ma15072618</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35407949</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Atomic layer epitaxy ; Carbon fibers ; Chemical composition ; Chemical vapor deposition ; Continuous fibers ; Damage assessment ; Fiber composites ; Finite element method ; Graphite ; Homogenization ; Hybrid composites ; Interfaces ; Interfacial properties ; Interfacial shear strength ; Investigations ; Low temperature ; Mathematical models ; Mechanical properties ; Methods ; Modelling ; Nanoparticles ; Nanowires ; Nitrates ; Polymers ; Shear strength ; Synthesis ; Tensile strength ; Zinc oxide ; Zinc oxides</subject><ispartof>Materials, 2022-04, Vol.15 (7), p.2618</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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Both experimental and analytical results indicate that the hierarchical carbon fibers enhanced by aligned ZnO nanowires are effective in improving the key mechanical properties of hybrid fiber-reinforced composites.</description><subject>Atomic layer epitaxy</subject><subject>Carbon fibers</subject><subject>Chemical composition</subject><subject>Chemical vapor deposition</subject><subject>Continuous fibers</subject><subject>Damage assessment</subject><subject>Fiber composites</subject><subject>Finite element method</subject><subject>Graphite</subject><subject>Homogenization</subject><subject>Hybrid composites</subject><subject>Interfaces</subject><subject>Interfacial properties</subject><subject>Interfacial shear strength</subject><subject>Investigations</subject><subject>Low temperature</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Modelling</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Nanowires</subject><subject>Nitrates</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Shear strength</subject><subject>Synthesis</subject><subject>Tensile strength</subject><subject>Zinc oxide</subject><subject>Zinc oxides</subject><issn>1996-1944</issn><issn>1996-1944</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkUtLJDEUhYMoKo4bf4AUuBGxxjyrKpuBpmnHAR_gY-Mm3EpS3ZGqpE2qFf31U7Y96phNwsnHuY-D0B7BPxmT-KQDInBJC1KtoW0iZZETyfn6l_cW2k3pAQ-HMVJRuYm2mOC4lFxuo-7mxfczm1w6zsYziKB7G90r9C744wy8yS6Csa3z0yw02ah1U29Ndu-vskvw4dlFm0_8DLwe1DHEOvj81NU25tfW-SbEpR66eUiut-kH2migTXZ3de-gu9PJ7fgsP7_6_Wc8Os81x0Wf06KpS1qBFiCkKQWUtqKmYVQQDaRmooaCNazktWYNJ9hgY3RpDKm15IRStoN-vfvOF3Vnjba-j9CqeXQdxBcVwKn_f7ybqWl4UnLYEmXFYHC4MojhcWFTrzqXtG1b8DYskqIFl6IqxbLWwTf0ISyiH8ZbUlgMixYDdfRO6RhSirb5aIZg9Rak-gxygPe_tv-B_ouN_QUAi5m6</recordid><startdate>20220402</startdate><enddate>20220402</enddate><creator>Wang, Jingyu</creator><creator>Marashizadeh, Parisa</creator><creator>Weng, Binbin</creator><creator>Larson, Preston</creator><creator>Altan, M Cengiz</creator><creator>Liu, Yingtao</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5706-5345</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6232-9704</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220402</creationdate><title>Synthesis, Characterization, and Modeling of Aligned ZnO Nanowire-Enhanced Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Composites</title><author>Wang, Jingyu ; 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subjects | Atomic layer epitaxy Carbon fibers Chemical composition Chemical vapor deposition Continuous fibers Damage assessment Fiber composites Finite element method Graphite Homogenization Hybrid composites Interfaces Interfacial properties Interfacial shear strength Investigations Low temperature Mathematical models Mechanical properties Methods Modelling Nanoparticles Nanowires Nitrates Polymers Shear strength Synthesis Tensile strength Zinc oxide Zinc oxides |
title | Synthesis, Characterization, and Modeling of Aligned ZnO Nanowire-Enhanced Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Composites |
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