Is Social Media a New Type of Social Support? Social Media Use in Spain during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Study
This study examines Spanish adults' social media use during the COVID-19 pandemic using mixed-methods to assess and understand frequency, context, and changes in social media use during two critical time points in Spain. We conducted semi-structured interviews in April 2020, and two waves of su...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of environmental research and public health 2022-03, Vol.19 (7), p.3952 |
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| container_title | International journal of environmental research and public health |
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| creator | Rosen, Aviana O Holmes, Ashley L Balluerka, Nekane Hidalgo, Maria Dolores Gorostiaga, Arantxa Gómez-Benito, Juana Huedo-Medina, Tania B |
| description | This study examines Spanish adults' social media use during the COVID-19 pandemic using mixed-methods to assess and understand frequency, context, and changes in social media use during two critical time points in Spain. We conducted semi-structured interviews in April 2020, and two waves of surveys (April 2020, April 2021) among Spanish adults. We coded and analyzed qualitative data related to social media use during the first lockdown period in Spain using Dedoose software; and ran descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to assess changes in social media use over the two survey waves related to perceived social support and loneliness. Participants ranged in age from 18-92 and were representative of the Spanish population's sociodemographics. Interview data show that WhatsApp was most commonly used, and that social media allowed for social support and engaging in healthy behaviors. Survey data show that women and individuals aged 18-34 had the greatest increases in social media use. Statistically significant associations were found between social support and loneliness with social media use. Our results show that promoting social media use as an emotional resource for social support in times of crisis or isolation can minimize loneliness and can be a beneficial tool for general worldwide crises. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph19073952 |
| format | Article |
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Social Media Use in Spain during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Study</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Rosen, Aviana O ; Holmes, Ashley L ; Balluerka, Nekane ; Hidalgo, Maria Dolores ; Gorostiaga, Arantxa ; Gómez-Benito, Juana ; Huedo-Medina, Tania B</creator><creatorcontrib>Rosen, Aviana O ; Holmes, Ashley L ; Balluerka, Nekane ; Hidalgo, Maria Dolores ; Gorostiaga, Arantxa ; Gómez-Benito, Juana ; Huedo-Medina, Tania B</creatorcontrib><description>This study examines Spanish adults' social media use during the COVID-19 pandemic using mixed-methods to assess and understand frequency, context, and changes in social media use during two critical time points in Spain. We conducted semi-structured interviews in April 2020, and two waves of surveys (April 2020, April 2021) among Spanish adults. We coded and analyzed qualitative data related to social media use during the first lockdown period in Spain using Dedoose software; and ran descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to assess changes in social media use over the two survey waves related to perceived social support and loneliness. Participants ranged in age from 18-92 and were representative of the Spanish population's sociodemographics. Interview data show that WhatsApp was most commonly used, and that social media allowed for social support and engaging in healthy behaviors. Survey data show that women and individuals aged 18-34 had the greatest increases in social media use. Statistically significant associations were found between social support and loneliness with social media use. Our results show that promoting social media use as an emotional resource for social support in times of crisis or isolation can minimize loneliness and can be a beneficial tool for general worldwide crises.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073952</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35409634</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Adult ; Adults ; Chi-square test ; Communicable Disease Control ; Communication ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - epidemiology ; Digital media ; Female ; Humans ; Interviews ; Medical research ; Mental health ; Mixed methods research ; Pandemics ; Polls & surveys ; Qualitative analysis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Smartphones ; Social interactions ; Social isolation ; Social Media ; Social networks ; Social research ; Social Support ; Spain - epidemiology ; Statistical analysis ; Statistical tests ; User behavior</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022-03, Vol.19 (7), p.3952</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-cc30c7e188f2788d3a452d02516c151b7bdd4d795647839262fca43fe63c123d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-cc30c7e188f2788d3a452d02516c151b7bdd4d795647839262fca43fe63c123d3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3477-3488 ; 0000-0002-3533-5682 ; 0000-0002-1537-393X ; 0000-0002-4280-3106</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8997662/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8997662/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35409634$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rosen, Aviana O</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Holmes, Ashley L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Balluerka, Nekane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hidalgo, Maria Dolores</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gorostiaga, Arantxa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gómez-Benito, Juana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huedo-Medina, Tania B</creatorcontrib><title>Is Social Media a New Type of Social Support? Social Media Use in Spain during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Study</title><title>International journal of environmental research and public health</title><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><description>This study examines Spanish adults' social media use during the COVID-19 pandemic using mixed-methods to assess and understand frequency, context, and changes in social media use during two critical time points in Spain. We conducted semi-structured interviews in April 2020, and two waves of surveys (April 2020, April 2021) among Spanish adults. We coded and analyzed qualitative data related to social media use during the first lockdown period in Spain using Dedoose software; and ran descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to assess changes in social media use over the two survey waves related to perceived social support and loneliness. Participants ranged in age from 18-92 and were representative of the Spanish population's sociodemographics. Interview data show that WhatsApp was most commonly used, and that social media allowed for social support and engaging in healthy behaviors. Survey data show that women and individuals aged 18-34 had the greatest increases in social media use. Statistically significant associations were found between social support and loneliness with social media use. Our results show that promoting social media use as an emotional resource for social support in times of crisis or isolation can minimize loneliness and can be a beneficial tool for general worldwide crises.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Chi-square test</subject><subject>Communicable Disease Control</subject><subject>Communication</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - epidemiology</subject><subject>Digital media</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Interviews</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Mental health</subject><subject>Mixed methods research</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Polls & surveys</subject><subject>Qualitative analysis</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Smartphones</subject><subject>Social interactions</subject><subject>Social isolation</subject><subject>Social Media</subject><subject>Social networks</subject><subject>Social research</subject><subject>Social Support</subject><subject>Spain - epidemiology</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Statistical tests</subject><subject>User behavior</subject><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><issn>1660-4601</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkU1vFDEMhiNERUvhyhFF4sJl2nxPwgFULRRWainStlyjbOLpZjU7GZIZYMWf70A_1OViW_Lj17ZehF5RcsS5IcdxDblfUUNqbiR7gg6oUqQSitCnj-p99LyUNSFcC2WeoX0uBTGKiwP0Z17wIvnoWnwOITrs8Ff4hS-3PeDU3LcWY9-nPHzYRa8K4NjhRe-mGMYcu2s8rADPLr7PP1bU4G-uC7CJ_h0-wefxN4RpcFilMK0cxrB9gfYa1xZ4eZcP0dXpp8vZl-rs4vN8dnJWeUH1UHnPia-Bat2wWuvAnZAsECap8lTSZb0MQYTaSCVqzQ1TrPFO8AYU95TxwA_R-1vdflxuIHjohuxa2-e4cXlrk4t2t9PFlb1OP602plaKTQJv7wRy-jFCGewmFg9t6zpIY7FMCSO1FoZO6Jv_0HUacze9948iRBIqJ-rolvI5lZKheTiGEvvXV7vr6zTw-vELD_i9kfwGI9GdOg</recordid><startdate>20220326</startdate><enddate>20220326</enddate><creator>Rosen, Aviana O</creator><creator>Holmes, Ashley L</creator><creator>Balluerka, Nekane</creator><creator>Hidalgo, Maria Dolores</creator><creator>Gorostiaga, Arantxa</creator><creator>Gómez-Benito, Juana</creator><creator>Huedo-Medina, Tania B</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3477-3488</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3533-5682</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1537-393X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4280-3106</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220326</creationdate><title>Is Social Media a New Type of Social Support? Social Media Use in Spain during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Study</title><author>Rosen, Aviana O ; Holmes, Ashley L ; Balluerka, Nekane ; Hidalgo, Maria Dolores ; Gorostiaga, Arantxa ; Gómez-Benito, Juana ; Huedo-Medina, Tania B</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-cc30c7e188f2788d3a452d02516c151b7bdd4d795647839262fca43fe63c123d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adults</topic><topic>Chi-square test</topic><topic>Communicable Disease Control</topic><topic>Communication</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>COVID-19 - epidemiology</topic><topic>Digital media</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Interviews</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Mental health</topic><topic>Mixed methods research</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>Polls & surveys</topic><topic>Qualitative analysis</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</topic><topic>Smartphones</topic><topic>Social interactions</topic><topic>Social isolation</topic><topic>Social Media</topic><topic>Social networks</topic><topic>Social research</topic><topic>Social Support</topic><topic>Spain - epidemiology</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Statistical tests</topic><topic>User behavior</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rosen, Aviana O</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Holmes, Ashley L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Balluerka, Nekane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hidalgo, Maria Dolores</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gorostiaga, Arantxa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gómez-Benito, Juana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huedo-Medina, Tania B</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Coronavirus Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rosen, Aviana O</au><au>Holmes, Ashley L</au><au>Balluerka, Nekane</au><au>Hidalgo, Maria Dolores</au><au>Gorostiaga, Arantxa</au><au>Gómez-Benito, Juana</au><au>Huedo-Medina, Tania B</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Is Social Media a New Type of Social Support? Social Media Use in Spain during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Study</atitle><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><date>2022-03-26</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>3952</spage><pages>3952-</pages><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><eissn>1660-4601</eissn><abstract>This study examines Spanish adults' social media use during the COVID-19 pandemic using mixed-methods to assess and understand frequency, context, and changes in social media use during two critical time points in Spain. We conducted semi-structured interviews in April 2020, and two waves of surveys (April 2020, April 2021) among Spanish adults. We coded and analyzed qualitative data related to social media use during the first lockdown period in Spain using Dedoose software; and ran descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to assess changes in social media use over the two survey waves related to perceived social support and loneliness. Participants ranged in age from 18-92 and were representative of the Spanish population's sociodemographics. Interview data show that WhatsApp was most commonly used, and that social media allowed for social support and engaging in healthy behaviors. Survey data show that women and individuals aged 18-34 had the greatest increases in social media use. Statistically significant associations were found between social support and loneliness with social media use. 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| subjects | Adult Adults Chi-square test Communicable Disease Control Communication Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology Digital media Female Humans Interviews Medical research Mental health Mixed methods research Pandemics Polls & surveys Qualitative analysis SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Smartphones Social interactions Social isolation Social Media Social networks Social research Social Support Spain - epidemiology Statistical analysis Statistical tests User behavior |
| title | Is Social Media a New Type of Social Support? Social Media Use in Spain during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Study |
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