Disease‐modifying therapies and T1 hypointense lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Background Previous research has shown that cerebral T1 hypointense lesions are positively correlated with the disability of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Hence, they could be used as an objective marker for evaluating the progression of the disease. Up to this date, there has not been a systema...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | CNS neuroscience & therapeutics 2022-05, Vol.28 (5), p.648-657 |
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| creator | Valizadeh, Amir Fattahi, Mohammad Reza Sadeghi, Maryam Saghab Torbati, Mehrnush Sahraian, Mohammad Ali Azimi, Amir Reza |
| description | Background
Previous research has shown that cerebral T1 hypointense lesions are positively correlated with the disability of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Hence, they could be used as an objective marker for evaluating the progression of the disease. Up to this date, there has not been a systematic evaluation of the effects of disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs) on this prognostic marker.
Objectives
To evaluate the effects of FDA‐approved DMTs on the numbers and volume of T1 hypointense lesions in adult patients with MS.
Methods
We included studies with the mentioned desired outcomes. In March 2021, we searched MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, and CENTRAL to find relevant studies. All included studies were assessed for the risk of bias using the RoB‐2 tool. Extracted data were analyzed using a random‐effects model. Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE.
Results
Thirteen studies with 7484 participants were included. Meta‐analysis revealed the mean difference between the intervention and comparator groups for the number of lesions was −1.3 (95% CI: −2.1, −0.5) and for the mean volume of lesions was −363.1 (95% CI: −611.6, −114.6). Certainty of evidence was judged to be moderate. Heterogeneity was considerable.
Discussion
DMTs reduce the number and volume of T1 hypointense lesions. Although, these findings must be interpreted cautiously due to the high values of heterogeneity.
Objectives: To evaluate the effects of FDA‐approved disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs) on the numbers and volume of T1 hypointense lesions in adult patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Results: Thirteen studies with 7484 participants were included. Mean difference for the number of lesions was −1.3 (−2.1, −0.5). Mean difference for the volume of lesions was −363 (−611, −114). Heterogeneity was considerable. Certainty of evidence was moderate. Conclusion: DMTs reduce the number and volume of T1 hypointense lesions. Although, these findings must be interpreted cautiously due to the high values of heterogeneity. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/cns.13815 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8981477</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2633905684</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4435-ee37c1acddba9a48834d1eeebbed833bb67af835dde6bf8b33fa7ae2c9b4ff113</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kctu1DAUhiMEohdY8ALIEhtYTBuP7VxYVKqGq1TBgrK2ju2TjivHCTlJR9mx6Z5n5EnwdMoIkPDGlvzp8-_zZ9kznp_wtE5tpBMuKq4eZIe8VGqhalk_3J9FfpAdEV3nebGs6upxdiDUkidcHWa3bzwhEP78_qPtnG9mH6_YuMYBeo_EIDp2ydl67jsfR4yELCD5LhLzkfUweowjsY0f16ydwuj7gIxswKEjT6_ZOaOZRmwTaNmANx43d84WR0hPQoQwJ_BJ9qiBQPj0fj_Ovr57e7n6sLj4_P7j6vxiYaUUaoEoSsvBOmegBllVQjqOiMagq4QwpiihqYRyDgvTVEaIBkrApa2NbBrOxXF2tvP2k2nR2RR-gKD7wbcwzLoDr_--iX6tr7obncbGZVkmwct7wdB9m5BG3XqyGAJE7CbSy0KIOldFJRP64h_0upuG9OEtJYs6l6XaUq92lE0TowGbfRie6225OpWr78pN7PM_0-_J320m4HQHbHzA-f8mvfr0Zaf8BQI9td0</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2646904754</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Disease‐modifying therapies and T1 hypointense lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Access via Wiley Online Library</source><source>Wiley Online Library Open Access</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Valizadeh, Amir ; Fattahi, Mohammad Reza ; Sadeghi, Maryam ; Saghab Torbati, Mehrnush ; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali ; Azimi, Amir Reza</creator><creatorcontrib>Valizadeh, Amir ; Fattahi, Mohammad Reza ; Sadeghi, Maryam ; Saghab Torbati, Mehrnush ; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali ; Azimi, Amir Reza</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Previous research has shown that cerebral T1 hypointense lesions are positively correlated with the disability of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Hence, they could be used as an objective marker for evaluating the progression of the disease. Up to this date, there has not been a systematic evaluation of the effects of disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs) on this prognostic marker.
Objectives
To evaluate the effects of FDA‐approved DMTs on the numbers and volume of T1 hypointense lesions in adult patients with MS.
Methods
We included studies with the mentioned desired outcomes. In March 2021, we searched MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, and CENTRAL to find relevant studies. All included studies were assessed for the risk of bias using the RoB‐2 tool. Extracted data were analyzed using a random‐effects model. Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE.
Results
Thirteen studies with 7484 participants were included. Meta‐analysis revealed the mean difference between the intervention and comparator groups for the number of lesions was −1.3 (95% CI: −2.1, −0.5) and for the mean volume of lesions was −363.1 (95% CI: −611.6, −114.6). Certainty of evidence was judged to be moderate. Heterogeneity was considerable.
Discussion
DMTs reduce the number and volume of T1 hypointense lesions. Although, these findings must be interpreted cautiously due to the high values of heterogeneity.
Objectives: To evaluate the effects of FDA‐approved disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs) on the numbers and volume of T1 hypointense lesions in adult patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Results: Thirteen studies with 7484 participants were included. Mean difference for the number of lesions was −1.3 (−2.1, −0.5). Mean difference for the volume of lesions was −363 (−611, −114). Heterogeneity was considerable. Certainty of evidence was moderate. Conclusion: DMTs reduce the number and volume of T1 hypointense lesions. Although, these findings must be interpreted cautiously due to the high values of heterogeneity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1755-5930</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1755-5949</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1755-5949</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/cns.13815</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35218155</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Adult ; alemtuzumab ; Bias ; cladribine ; dimethyl fumarate ; fingolimod ; glatiramer acetate ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents - adverse effects ; interferon beta‐1a ; Intervention ; Lesions ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Meta-analysis ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Multiple sclerosis ; Multiple Sclerosis - drug therapy ; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting ; Systematic review</subject><ispartof>CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2022-05, Vol.28 (5), p.648-657</ispartof><rights>2022 The Authors. published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>2022 The Authors. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>2022. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4435-ee37c1acddba9a48834d1eeebbed833bb67af835dde6bf8b33fa7ae2c9b4ff113</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4435-ee37c1acddba9a48834d1eeebbed833bb67af835dde6bf8b33fa7ae2c9b4ff113</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3224-8807 ; 0000-0003-2524-9315 ; 0000-0003-2186-4628 ; 0000-0002-0966-7114 ; 0000-0001-5983-8527 ; 0000-0002-0770-0654</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8981477/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8981477/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,1417,11562,27924,27925,45574,45575,46052,46476,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35218155$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Valizadeh, Amir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fattahi, Mohammad Reza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sadeghi, Maryam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saghab Torbati, Mehrnush</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sahraian, Mohammad Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Azimi, Amir Reza</creatorcontrib><title>Disease‐modifying therapies and T1 hypointense lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis</title><title>CNS neuroscience & therapeutics</title><addtitle>CNS Neurosci Ther</addtitle><description>Background
Previous research has shown that cerebral T1 hypointense lesions are positively correlated with the disability of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Hence, they could be used as an objective marker for evaluating the progression of the disease. Up to this date, there has not been a systematic evaluation of the effects of disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs) on this prognostic marker.
Objectives
To evaluate the effects of FDA‐approved DMTs on the numbers and volume of T1 hypointense lesions in adult patients with MS.
Methods
We included studies with the mentioned desired outcomes. In March 2021, we searched MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, and CENTRAL to find relevant studies. All included studies were assessed for the risk of bias using the RoB‐2 tool. Extracted data were analyzed using a random‐effects model. Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE.
Results
Thirteen studies with 7484 participants were included. Meta‐analysis revealed the mean difference between the intervention and comparator groups for the number of lesions was −1.3 (95% CI: −2.1, −0.5) and for the mean volume of lesions was −363.1 (95% CI: −611.6, −114.6). Certainty of evidence was judged to be moderate. Heterogeneity was considerable.
Discussion
DMTs reduce the number and volume of T1 hypointense lesions. Although, these findings must be interpreted cautiously due to the high values of heterogeneity.
Objectives: To evaluate the effects of FDA‐approved disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs) on the numbers and volume of T1 hypointense lesions in adult patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Results: Thirteen studies with 7484 participants were included. Mean difference for the number of lesions was −1.3 (−2.1, −0.5). Mean difference for the volume of lesions was −363 (−611, −114). Heterogeneity was considerable. Certainty of evidence was moderate. Conclusion: DMTs reduce the number and volume of T1 hypointense lesions. Although, these findings must be interpreted cautiously due to the high values of heterogeneity.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>alemtuzumab</subject><subject>Bias</subject><subject>cladribine</subject><subject>dimethyl fumarate</subject><subject>fingolimod</subject><subject>glatiramer acetate</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunosuppressive Agents - adverse effects</subject><subject>interferon beta‐1a</subject><subject>Intervention</subject><subject>Lesions</subject><subject>Magnetic resonance imaging</subject><subject>Meta-analysis</subject><subject>Monoclonal antibodies</subject><subject>Multiple sclerosis</subject><subject>Multiple Sclerosis - drug therapy</subject><subject>Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting</subject><subject>Systematic review</subject><issn>1755-5930</issn><issn>1755-5949</issn><issn>1755-5949</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>WIN</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kctu1DAUhiMEohdY8ALIEhtYTBuP7VxYVKqGq1TBgrK2ju2TjivHCTlJR9mx6Z5n5EnwdMoIkPDGlvzp8-_zZ9kznp_wtE5tpBMuKq4eZIe8VGqhalk_3J9FfpAdEV3nebGs6upxdiDUkidcHWa3bzwhEP78_qPtnG9mH6_YuMYBeo_EIDp2ydl67jsfR4yELCD5LhLzkfUweowjsY0f16ydwuj7gIxswKEjT6_ZOaOZRmwTaNmANx43d84WR0hPQoQwJ_BJ9qiBQPj0fj_Ovr57e7n6sLj4_P7j6vxiYaUUaoEoSsvBOmegBllVQjqOiMagq4QwpiihqYRyDgvTVEaIBkrApa2NbBrOxXF2tvP2k2nR2RR-gKD7wbcwzLoDr_--iX6tr7obncbGZVkmwct7wdB9m5BG3XqyGAJE7CbSy0KIOldFJRP64h_0upuG9OEtJYs6l6XaUq92lE0TowGbfRie6225OpWr78pN7PM_0-_J320m4HQHbHzA-f8mvfr0Zaf8BQI9td0</recordid><startdate>202205</startdate><enddate>202205</enddate><creator>Valizadeh, Amir</creator><creator>Fattahi, Mohammad Reza</creator><creator>Sadeghi, Maryam</creator><creator>Saghab Torbati, Mehrnush</creator><creator>Sahraian, Mohammad Ali</creator><creator>Azimi, Amir Reza</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>John Wiley and Sons Inc</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3224-8807</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2524-9315</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2186-4628</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0966-7114</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5983-8527</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0770-0654</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202205</creationdate><title>Disease‐modifying therapies and T1 hypointense lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis</title><author>Valizadeh, Amir ; Fattahi, Mohammad Reza ; Sadeghi, Maryam ; Saghab Torbati, Mehrnush ; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali ; Azimi, Amir Reza</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4435-ee37c1acddba9a48834d1eeebbed833bb67af835dde6bf8b33fa7ae2c9b4ff113</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>alemtuzumab</topic><topic>Bias</topic><topic>cladribine</topic><topic>dimethyl fumarate</topic><topic>fingolimod</topic><topic>glatiramer acetate</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunosuppressive Agents - adverse effects</topic><topic>interferon beta‐1a</topic><topic>Intervention</topic><topic>Lesions</topic><topic>Magnetic resonance imaging</topic><topic>Meta-analysis</topic><topic>Monoclonal antibodies</topic><topic>Multiple sclerosis</topic><topic>Multiple Sclerosis - drug therapy</topic><topic>Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting</topic><topic>Systematic review</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Valizadeh, Amir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fattahi, Mohammad Reza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sadeghi, Maryam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saghab Torbati, Mehrnush</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sahraian, Mohammad Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Azimi, Amir Reza</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley Online Library Open Access</collection><collection>Wiley Online Library (Open Access Collection)</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>CNS neuroscience & therapeutics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Valizadeh, Amir</au><au>Fattahi, Mohammad Reza</au><au>Sadeghi, Maryam</au><au>Saghab Torbati, Mehrnush</au><au>Sahraian, Mohammad Ali</au><au>Azimi, Amir Reza</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Disease‐modifying therapies and T1 hypointense lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis</atitle><jtitle>CNS neuroscience & therapeutics</jtitle><addtitle>CNS Neurosci Ther</addtitle><date>2022-05</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>28</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>648</spage><epage>657</epage><pages>648-657</pages><issn>1755-5930</issn><issn>1755-5949</issn><eissn>1755-5949</eissn><abstract>Background
Previous research has shown that cerebral T1 hypointense lesions are positively correlated with the disability of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Hence, they could be used as an objective marker for evaluating the progression of the disease. Up to this date, there has not been a systematic evaluation of the effects of disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs) on this prognostic marker.
Objectives
To evaluate the effects of FDA‐approved DMTs on the numbers and volume of T1 hypointense lesions in adult patients with MS.
Methods
We included studies with the mentioned desired outcomes. In March 2021, we searched MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, and CENTRAL to find relevant studies. All included studies were assessed for the risk of bias using the RoB‐2 tool. Extracted data were analyzed using a random‐effects model. Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE.
Results
Thirteen studies with 7484 participants were included. Meta‐analysis revealed the mean difference between the intervention and comparator groups for the number of lesions was −1.3 (95% CI: −2.1, −0.5) and for the mean volume of lesions was −363.1 (95% CI: −611.6, −114.6). Certainty of evidence was judged to be moderate. Heterogeneity was considerable.
Discussion
DMTs reduce the number and volume of T1 hypointense lesions. Although, these findings must be interpreted cautiously due to the high values of heterogeneity.
Objectives: To evaluate the effects of FDA‐approved disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs) on the numbers and volume of T1 hypointense lesions in adult patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Results: Thirteen studies with 7484 participants were included. Mean difference for the number of lesions was −1.3 (−2.1, −0.5). Mean difference for the volume of lesions was −363 (−611, −114). Heterogeneity was considerable. Certainty of evidence was moderate. Conclusion: DMTs reduce the number and volume of T1 hypointense lesions. Although, these findings must be interpreted cautiously due to the high values of heterogeneity.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><pmid>35218155</pmid><doi>10.1111/cns.13815</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3224-8807</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2524-9315</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2186-4628</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0966-7114</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5983-8527</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0770-0654</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2022-05, Vol.28 (5), p.648-657 |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Access via Wiley Online Library; Wiley Online Library Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Adult alemtuzumab Bias cladribine dimethyl fumarate fingolimod glatiramer acetate Humans Immunosuppressive Agents - adverse effects interferon beta‐1a Intervention Lesions Magnetic resonance imaging Meta-analysis Monoclonal antibodies Multiple sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis - drug therapy Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting Systematic review |
| title | Disease‐modifying therapies and T1 hypointense lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis |
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