Influence of Epoxy Resin Curing Kinetics on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Composites
In this study, the kinetic parameters belonging to the cross-linking process of a modified epoxy resin, Aerotuf 275-34™, were investigated. Resin curing kinetics are crucial to understanding the structure-property-processing relationship for manufacturing high-performance carbon-fiber-reinforced pol...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Polymers 2022-03, Vol.14 (6), p.1100 |
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| creator | Cruz-Cruz, Isidro Ramírez-Herrera, Claudia A Martínez-Romero, Oscar Castillo-Márquez, Santos Armando Jiménez-Cedeño, Isaac H Olvera-Trejo, Daniel Elías-Zúñiga, Alex |
| description | In this study, the kinetic parameters belonging to the cross-linking process of a modified epoxy resin, Aerotuf 275-34™, were investigated. Resin curing kinetics are crucial to understanding the structure-property-processing relationship for manufacturing high-performance carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPCs). The parameters were obtained using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements and the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, Kissinger, Borchardt-Daniels, and Friedman approaches. The DSC thermograms show two exothermic peaks that were deconvoluted as two separate reactions that follow autocatalytic models. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of produced carbon fiber/Aerotuf 275-34™ laminates using thermosetting polymers such as epoxies, phenolics, and cyanate esters were evaluated as a function of the conversion degree, and a close correlation was found between the degree of curing and the ultimate tensile strength (UTS). We found that when the composite material is cured at 160 °C for 15 min, it reaches a conversion degree of 0.97 and a UTS value that accounts for 95% of the maximum value obtained at 200 °C (180 MPa). Thus, the application of such processing conditions could be enough to achieve good mechanical properties of the composite laminates. These results suggest the possibility for the development of strategies towards manufacturing high-performance materials based on the modified epoxy resin (Aerotuf 275-34™) through the curing process. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/polym14061100 |
| format | Article |
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Resin curing kinetics are crucial to understanding the structure-property-processing relationship for manufacturing high-performance carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPCs). The parameters were obtained using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements and the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, Kissinger, Borchardt-Daniels, and Friedman approaches. The DSC thermograms show two exothermic peaks that were deconvoluted as two separate reactions that follow autocatalytic models. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of produced carbon fiber/Aerotuf 275-34™ laminates using thermosetting polymers such as epoxies, phenolics, and cyanate esters were evaluated as a function of the conversion degree, and a close correlation was found between the degree of curing and the ultimate tensile strength (UTS). We found that when the composite material is cured at 160 °C for 15 min, it reaches a conversion degree of 0.97 and a UTS value that accounts for 95% of the maximum value obtained at 200 °C (180 MPa). Thus, the application of such processing conditions could be enough to achieve good mechanical properties of the composite laminates. These results suggest the possibility for the development of strategies towards manufacturing high-performance materials based on the modified epoxy resin (Aerotuf 275-34™) through the curing process.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/polym14061100</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35335432</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Aeronautics ; Aerospace industry ; Bisphenol A ; Carbon fiber reinforced plastics ; Carbon fibers ; Composite materials ; Conversion ; Corrosion resistance ; Crosslinking ; Curing ; Cyanates ; Differential scanning calorimetry ; Epoxy resins ; Esters ; Exothermic reactions ; Fiber reinforced polymers ; Kinetics ; Laminates ; Manufacturing ; Mechanical properties ; NMR ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Parameter modification ; Polymer matrix composites ; Spectrum analysis ; Ultimate tensile strength ; Viscosity</subject><ispartof>Polymers, 2022-03, Vol.14 (6), p.1100</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-8b35957666e82ddef530ce3b21d272625804d426b3537c1aca79b2a49924e60c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-8b35957666e82ddef530ce3b21d272625804d426b3537c1aca79b2a49924e60c3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4385-6269 ; 0000-0002-3837-2083 ; 0000-0001-6607-8810 ; 0000-0001-7752-3019</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8952319/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8952319/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35335432$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Cruz-Cruz, Isidro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramírez-Herrera, Claudia A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martínez-Romero, Oscar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Castillo-Márquez, Santos Armando</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiménez-Cedeño, Isaac H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olvera-Trejo, Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Elías-Zúñiga, Alex</creatorcontrib><title>Influence of Epoxy Resin Curing Kinetics on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Composites</title><title>Polymers</title><addtitle>Polymers (Basel)</addtitle><description>In this study, the kinetic parameters belonging to the cross-linking process of a modified epoxy resin, Aerotuf 275-34™, were investigated. 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We found that when the composite material is cured at 160 °C for 15 min, it reaches a conversion degree of 0.97 and a UTS value that accounts for 95% of the maximum value obtained at 200 °C (180 MPa). Thus, the application of such processing conditions could be enough to achieve good mechanical properties of the composite laminates. 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Resin curing kinetics are crucial to understanding the structure-property-processing relationship for manufacturing high-performance carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRPCs). The parameters were obtained using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements and the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, Kissinger, Borchardt-Daniels, and Friedman approaches. The DSC thermograms show two exothermic peaks that were deconvoluted as two separate reactions that follow autocatalytic models. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of produced carbon fiber/Aerotuf 275-34™ laminates using thermosetting polymers such as epoxies, phenolics, and cyanate esters were evaluated as a function of the conversion degree, and a close correlation was found between the degree of curing and the ultimate tensile strength (UTS). We found that when the composite material is cured at 160 °C for 15 min, it reaches a conversion degree of 0.97 and a UTS value that accounts for 95% of the maximum value obtained at 200 °C (180 MPa). Thus, the application of such processing conditions could be enough to achieve good mechanical properties of the composite laminates. These results suggest the possibility for the development of strategies towards manufacturing high-performance materials based on the modified epoxy resin (Aerotuf 275-34™) through the curing process.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>35335432</pmid><doi>10.3390/polym14061100</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4385-6269</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3837-2083</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6607-8810</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7752-3019</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aeronautics Aerospace industry Bisphenol A Carbon fiber reinforced plastics Carbon fibers Composite materials Conversion Corrosion resistance Crosslinking Curing Cyanates Differential scanning calorimetry Epoxy resins Esters Exothermic reactions Fiber reinforced polymers Kinetics Laminates Manufacturing Mechanical properties NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance Parameter modification Polymer matrix composites Spectrum analysis Ultimate tensile strength Viscosity |
| title | Influence of Epoxy Resin Curing Kinetics on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Composites |
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