Photobiomodulation Therapy and the Glymphatic System: Promising Applications for Augmenting the Brain Lymphatic Drainage System
The glymphatic system is a glial-dependent waste clearance pathway in the central nervous system, devoted to drain away waste metabolic products and soluble proteins such as amyloid-beta. An impaired brain glymphatic system can increase the incidence of neurovascular, neuroinflammatory, and neurodeg...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of molecular sciences 2022-03, Vol.23 (6), p.2975 |
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| creator | Salehpour, Farzad Khademi, Mahsa Bragin, Denis E DiDuro, Joseph O |
| description | The glymphatic system is a glial-dependent waste clearance pathway in the central nervous system, devoted to drain away waste metabolic products and soluble proteins such as amyloid-beta. An impaired brain glymphatic system can increase the incidence of neurovascular, neuroinflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy can serve as a non-invasive neuroprotective strategy for maintaining and optimizing effective brain waste clearance. In this review, we discuss the crucial role of the glymphatic drainage system in removing toxins and waste metabolites from the brain. We review recent animal research on the neurotherapeutic benefits of PBM therapy on glymphatic drainage and clearance. We also highlight cellular mechanisms of PBM on the cerebral glymphatic system. Animal research has shed light on the beneficial effects of PBM on the cerebral drainage system through the clearance of amyloid-beta via meningeal lymphatic vessels. Finally, PBM-mediated increase in the blood-brain barrier permeability with a subsequent rise in Aβ clearance from PBM-induced relaxation of lymphatic vessels via a vasodilation process will be discussed. We conclude that PBM promotion of cranial and extracranial lymphatic system function might be a promising strategy for the treatment of brain diseases associated with cerebrospinal fluid outflow abnormality. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijms23062975 |
| format | Article |
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An impaired brain glymphatic system can increase the incidence of neurovascular, neuroinflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy can serve as a non-invasive neuroprotective strategy for maintaining and optimizing effective brain waste clearance. In this review, we discuss the crucial role of the glymphatic drainage system in removing toxins and waste metabolites from the brain. We review recent animal research on the neurotherapeutic benefits of PBM therapy on glymphatic drainage and clearance. We also highlight cellular mechanisms of PBM on the cerebral glymphatic system. Animal research has shed light on the beneficial effects of PBM on the cerebral drainage system through the clearance of amyloid-beta via meningeal lymphatic vessels. Finally, PBM-mediated increase in the blood-brain barrier permeability with a subsequent rise in Aβ clearance from PBM-induced relaxation of lymphatic vessels via a vasodilation process will be discussed. We conclude that PBM promotion of cranial and extracranial lymphatic system function might be a promising strategy for the treatment of brain diseases associated with cerebrospinal fluid outflow abnormality.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-6596</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062975</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35328396</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Alzheimer's disease ; Amyloid beta-Peptides - metabolism ; Animal research ; Animals ; Blood-brain barrier ; Brain - metabolism ; Central nervous system ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Glymphatic System - metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Inflammation ; Light therapy ; Low-Level Light Therapy ; Lymphatic system ; Lymphatic System - metabolism ; Membrane permeability ; Metabolism ; Metabolites ; Neurodegenerative Diseases - metabolism ; Neuroprotection ; Parkinson's disease ; Physiology ; Review ; Sinuses ; Toxins ; Traumatic brain injury ; Vasodilation</subject><ispartof>International journal of molecular sciences, 2022-03, Vol.23 (6), p.2975</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. 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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Alzheimer's disease Amyloid beta-Peptides - metabolism Animal research Animals Blood-brain barrier Brain - metabolism Central nervous system Cerebrospinal fluid Glymphatic System - metabolism Homeostasis Inflammation Light therapy Low-Level Light Therapy Lymphatic system Lymphatic System - metabolism Membrane permeability Metabolism Metabolites Neurodegenerative Diseases - metabolism Neuroprotection Parkinson's disease Physiology Review Sinuses Toxins Traumatic brain injury Vasodilation |
| title | Photobiomodulation Therapy and the Glymphatic System: Promising Applications for Augmenting the Brain Lymphatic Drainage System |
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