Self-Compassion and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease Among Midlife Women

Objective: Self-compassion is a positive psychological construct characterized by extending compassion toward oneself, often during periods of suffering. Whereas self-compassion has been associated with psychological outcomes, research linking self-compassion to physical health is limited. We tested...

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Veröffentlicht in:Health psychology 2021-11, Vol.40 (11), p.747-753
Hauptverfasser: Thurston, Rebecca C., Fritz, Megan M., Chang, Yuefang, Barinas Mitchell, Emma, Maki, Pauline M.
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container_end_page 753
container_issue 11
container_start_page 747
container_title Health psychology
container_volume 40
creator Thurston, Rebecca C.
Fritz, Megan M.
Chang, Yuefang
Barinas Mitchell, Emma
Maki, Pauline M.
description Objective: Self-compassion is a positive psychological construct characterized by extending compassion toward oneself, often during periods of suffering. Whereas self-compassion has been associated with psychological outcomes, research linking self-compassion to physical health is limited. We tested the hypothesis that greater self-compassion would be associated with less subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) as assessed by carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). We adjusted for demographics, CVD risk factors and additionally depressive symptoms in these associations. Method: Women (N = 195; M age = 59 years) without CVD were recruited. Women completed questionnaires (Neff Self-Compassion Scale, Center for Epidemiology Studies of Depression Scale); physical measures (body mass index [BMI], blood pressure [BP]); phlebotomy (lipids, insulin resistance); and ultrasound assessments of the carotid artery (mean, maximal IMT). Cross-sectional associations between self-compassion and IMT were assessed in linear regression models covarying for age, race/ethnicity, education, and CVD risk factors (BMI, BP, insulin resistance, lipids, medications), and additionally depressive symptoms. Results: Higher self-compassion was associated with lower mean IMT [B(SE)=−.03 (.01), p = .02], adjusting for demographic factors and CVD risk factors. Associations persisted adjusting for depressive symptoms. When considering self-compassion subscale bifactors, the positive self-compassion bifactor (self-compassion), but not negative self-compassion bifactor (self-coldness), was related to lower IMT. Conclusions: Self-compassion is associated with lower subclinical CVD. Associations were not explained by standard CVD risk factors nor by depressive symptoms. Future research should consider whether enhancing self-compassion improves women's vascular health.
doi_str_mv 10.1037/hea0001137
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Whereas self-compassion has been associated with psychological outcomes, research linking self-compassion to physical health is limited. We tested the hypothesis that greater self-compassion would be associated with less subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) as assessed by carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). We adjusted for demographics, CVD risk factors and additionally depressive symptoms in these associations. Method: Women (N = 195; M age = 59 years) without CVD were recruited. Women completed questionnaires (Neff Self-Compassion Scale, Center for Epidemiology Studies of Depression Scale); physical measures (body mass index [BMI], blood pressure [BP]); phlebotomy (lipids, insulin resistance); and ultrasound assessments of the carotid artery (mean, maximal IMT). Cross-sectional associations between self-compassion and IMT were assessed in linear regression models covarying for age, race/ethnicity, education, and CVD risk factors (BMI, BP, insulin resistance, lipids, medications), and additionally depressive symptoms. Results: Higher self-compassion was associated with lower mean IMT [B(SE)=−.03 (.01), p = .02], adjusting for demographic factors and CVD risk factors. Associations persisted adjusting for depressive symptoms. When considering self-compassion subscale bifactors, the positive self-compassion bifactor (self-compassion), but not negative self-compassion bifactor (self-coldness), was related to lower IMT. Conclusions: Self-compassion is associated with lower subclinical CVD. Associations were not explained by standard CVD risk factors nor by depressive symptoms. Future research should consider whether enhancing self-compassion improves women's vascular health.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0278-6133</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1930-7810</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1037/hea0001137</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34914480</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Psychological Association</publisher><subject>Blood pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular disease ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Disorders ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Demographic Characteristics ; Demography ; Epidemiology ; Ethnicity ; Female ; Health status ; Human ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin resistance ; Lipids ; Major Depression ; Mental depression ; Middle Adulthood ; Middle age ; Middle Aged ; Midlife ; Physical Activity ; Positive Psychology ; Race ; Resistance ; Risk Factors ; Self compassion ; Sympathy ; Symptoms ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>Health psychology, 2021-11, Vol.40 (11), p.747-753</ispartof><rights>2021 American Psychological Association</rights><rights>2021, American Psychological Association</rights><rights>Copyright American Psychological Association Nov 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a471t-4bfd3011012069f6eb687c76d327d7f03abdcf55029e52922e7a5f07921f32be3</citedby><orcidid>0000-0002-8443-3430 ; 0000-0001-6580-1202 ; 0000-0003-0080-4597 ; 0000-0002-7280-7781 ; 0000-0002-8217-747X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925,30999</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34914480$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Freedland, Kenneth E</contributor><creatorcontrib>Thurston, Rebecca C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fritz, Megan M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Yuefang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barinas Mitchell, Emma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maki, Pauline M.</creatorcontrib><title>Self-Compassion and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease Among Midlife Women</title><title>Health psychology</title><addtitle>Health Psychol</addtitle><description>Objective: Self-compassion is a positive psychological construct characterized by extending compassion toward oneself, often during periods of suffering. Whereas self-compassion has been associated with psychological outcomes, research linking self-compassion to physical health is limited. We tested the hypothesis that greater self-compassion would be associated with less subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) as assessed by carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). We adjusted for demographics, CVD risk factors and additionally depressive symptoms in these associations. Method: Women (N = 195; M age = 59 years) without CVD were recruited. Women completed questionnaires (Neff Self-Compassion Scale, Center for Epidemiology Studies of Depression Scale); physical measures (body mass index [BMI], blood pressure [BP]); phlebotomy (lipids, insulin resistance); and ultrasound assessments of the carotid artery (mean, maximal IMT). Cross-sectional associations between self-compassion and IMT were assessed in linear regression models covarying for age, race/ethnicity, education, and CVD risk factors (BMI, BP, insulin resistance, lipids, medications), and additionally depressive symptoms. Results: Higher self-compassion was associated with lower mean IMT [B(SE)=−.03 (.01), p = .02], adjusting for demographic factors and CVD risk factors. Associations persisted adjusting for depressive symptoms. When considering self-compassion subscale bifactors, the positive self-compassion bifactor (self-compassion), but not negative self-compassion bifactor (self-coldness), was related to lower IMT. Conclusions: Self-compassion is associated with lower subclinical CVD. Associations were not explained by standard CVD risk factors nor by depressive symptoms. 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Fritz, Megan M. ; Chang, Yuefang ; Barinas Mitchell, Emma ; Maki, Pauline M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a471t-4bfd3011012069f6eb687c76d327d7f03abdcf55029e52922e7a5f07921f32be3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Blood pressure</topic><topic>Body Mass Index</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Cardiovascular diseases</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Disorders</topic><topic>Carotid Intima-Media Thickness</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Demographic Characteristics</topic><topic>Demography</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Ethnicity</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health status</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Insulin</topic><topic>Insulin resistance</topic><topic>Lipids</topic><topic>Major Depression</topic><topic>Mental depression</topic><topic>Middle Adulthood</topic><topic>Middle age</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Midlife</topic><topic>Physical Activity</topic><topic>Positive Psychology</topic><topic>Race</topic><topic>Resistance</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Self compassion</topic><topic>Sympathy</topic><topic>Symptoms</topic><topic>Womens health</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Thurston, Rebecca C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fritz, Megan M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Yuefang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barinas Mitchell, Emma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maki, Pauline M.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Access via APA PsycArticles® (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index &amp; Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Health psychology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Thurston, Rebecca C.</au><au>Fritz, Megan M.</au><au>Chang, Yuefang</au><au>Barinas Mitchell, Emma</au><au>Maki, Pauline M.</au><au>Freedland, Kenneth E</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Self-Compassion and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease Among Midlife Women</atitle><jtitle>Health psychology</jtitle><addtitle>Health Psychol</addtitle><date>2021-11-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>40</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>747</spage><epage>753</epage><pages>747-753</pages><issn>0278-6133</issn><eissn>1930-7810</eissn><abstract>Objective: Self-compassion is a positive psychological construct characterized by extending compassion toward oneself, often during periods of suffering. Whereas self-compassion has been associated with psychological outcomes, research linking self-compassion to physical health is limited. We tested the hypothesis that greater self-compassion would be associated with less subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) as assessed by carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). We adjusted for demographics, CVD risk factors and additionally depressive symptoms in these associations. Method: Women (N = 195; M age = 59 years) without CVD were recruited. Women completed questionnaires (Neff Self-Compassion Scale, Center for Epidemiology Studies of Depression Scale); physical measures (body mass index [BMI], blood pressure [BP]); phlebotomy (lipids, insulin resistance); and ultrasound assessments of the carotid artery (mean, maximal IMT). Cross-sectional associations between self-compassion and IMT were assessed in linear regression models covarying for age, race/ethnicity, education, and CVD risk factors (BMI, BP, insulin resistance, lipids, medications), and additionally depressive symptoms. Results: Higher self-compassion was associated with lower mean IMT [B(SE)=−.03 (.01), p = .02], adjusting for demographic factors and CVD risk factors. Associations persisted adjusting for depressive symptoms. When considering self-compassion subscale bifactors, the positive self-compassion bifactor (self-compassion), but not negative self-compassion bifactor (self-coldness), was related to lower IMT. Conclusions: Self-compassion is associated with lower subclinical CVD. Associations were not explained by standard CVD risk factors nor by depressive symptoms. 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subjects Blood pressure
Body Mass Index
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology
Cardiovascular Disorders
Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
Cross-Sectional Studies
Demographic Characteristics
Demography
Epidemiology
Ethnicity
Female
Health status
Human
Humans
Insulin
Insulin resistance
Lipids
Major Depression
Mental depression
Middle Adulthood
Middle age
Middle Aged
Midlife
Physical Activity
Positive Psychology
Race
Resistance
Risk Factors
Self compassion
Sympathy
Symptoms
Womens health
title Self-Compassion and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease Among Midlife Women
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