Microglial TREM2 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is an aggressive motor neuron degenerative disease characterized by selective loss of both upper and lower motor neurons. The mechanisms underlying disease initiation and progression are poorly understood. The involvement...

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Veröffentlicht in:Developmental neurobiology (Hoboken, N.J.) N.J.), 2022-01, Vol.82 (1), p.125-137
Hauptverfasser: Xie, Manling, Zhao, Shunyi, Bosco, Dale B., Nguyen, Aivi, Wu, Long‐Jun
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container_title Developmental neurobiology (Hoboken, N.J.)
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creator Xie, Manling
Zhao, Shunyi
Bosco, Dale B.
Nguyen, Aivi
Wu, Long‐Jun
description Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is an aggressive motor neuron degenerative disease characterized by selective loss of both upper and lower motor neurons. The mechanisms underlying disease initiation and progression are poorly understood. The involvement of nonmotor neuraxis emphasizes the contribution of glial cells in disease progress. Microglia comprise a unique subset of glial cells and are the principal immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell 2 (TREM2) is a surface receptor that, within the CNS, is exclusively expressed on microglia and plays crucial roles in microglial proliferation, migration, activation, metabolism, and phagocytosis. Genetic evidence has linked TREM2 to neurodegenerative diseases including ALS, but its function in ALS pathogenesis is largely unknown. In this review, we summarize how microglial activation, with a specific focus on TREM2 function, affects ALS progression clinically and experimentally. Understanding microglial TREM2 function will help pinpoint the molecular target for ALS treatment.
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subjects Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - genetics
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - metabolism
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - pathology
Central nervous system
Central Nervous System - metabolism
Disease
disease‐associated microglia
Glial cells
Humans
Membrane Glycoproteins - genetics
Membrane Glycoproteins - metabolism
Microglia
Microglia - metabolism
Motor neurons
Motor Neurons - metabolism
Neuraxis
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neurodegenerative Diseases - genetics
Neurodegenerative Diseases - metabolism
Neurodegenerative Diseases - pathology
Neuronal-glial interactions
Phagocytosis
Receptors, Immunologic - genetics
Receptors, Immunologic - metabolism
TDP‐43
TREM2
title Microglial TREM2 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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