Prevalence and Biochemical Associations of Fever in Adults With Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Proven Coronavirus Disease Presenting at Tertiary Care Hospitals in Rawalpindi
Background Clinically most apparent symptoms of COVID-19 include fever and cough, which in some patients show a worsening trend but are completely non-apparent in patients who present with an asymptomatic course of the disease. The aim of this study was to identify clinical and biochemical differenc...
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| description | Background Clinically most apparent symptoms of COVID-19 include fever and cough, which in some patients show a worsening trend but are completely non-apparent in patients who present with an asymptomatic course of the disease. The aim of this study was to identify clinical and biochemical differences among polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive patients who are either febrile or afebrile. Methods This study was conducted in Rawalpindi Medical University and Allied Hospitals between September and December 2020. All patients who tested positive for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) COVID-19 were included in the study. After evaluation of 146 patients, 100 were selected, and with a response rate of 97%, a total of 97 patients were included in the final analysis. Depending on the presence of fever, the participants were divided into two groups. Both groups were then compared for baselines vitals and laboratory investigations. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS v23.0 (IBM Inc., Armonk, New York). Results Among the 97 patients, 66 (68%) of the participants were male, and 31 (32%) were females. The mean age of the study participants was 45.23±18.08 years. Fever was present in 39 (40.2%) of the participants. When compared with patients with no fever, the patients with fever had greater severity of disease (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.7759/cureus.21724 |
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| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8887690</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2636880292</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c299t-a0e7433168fb7cd377a2237699b9e232ff3d1c5d7bb676beb5b455845944984f3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkk9v1DAQxSMEolXpjTOyxIUDWxz_ie0L0hJailSJarWIo-U4k66rrB3sJKhfrp8Nhy1V4WRr3s8zb6xXFK9LfCYEVx_sFGFKZ6QUhD0rjklZyZUsJXv-5H5UnKZ0izEusSBY4JfFEeWEl0LJ4-L-OsJsevAWkPEt-uSC3cHeWdOjdUrBOjO64BMKHbqAGSJyHq3bqR8T-uHGHdosxQRoG41PNrphwdF16O_2EE0W6p3JTzZg7EGJYQaP6hCDN7OLU0KfXYKFzFYS-NH5G2RGtIU4OhPvUG0ioMuQBjeaPi3zN-aX6QfnW_eqeNHlIpw-nCfF94vzbX25uvr25Wu9vlpZotS4MhgEozT_SNcI21IhDCFUVEo1CgglXUfb0vJWNE0lqgYa3jDOJeOKMSVZR0-Kj4e-w9TsobXZZjS9HqLbZ4s6GKf_Vbzb6ZswayllHoNzg3cPDWL4OUEa9d4lC31vPIQpaVLRSkpMFMno2__Q2zBFn9fLFOOCKcF4pt4fKBtDShG6RzMl1ks29CEb-k82Mv7m6QKP8N8k0N_AJLrW</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2645749745</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Prevalence and Biochemical Associations of Fever in Adults With Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Proven Coronavirus Disease Presenting at Tertiary Care Hospitals in Rawalpindi</title><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Khan, Muhammad Sheharyar ; Khurram, Muhammad ; Qaiser, Shehrbano ; Mahmood, Najia ; Khan, Faramarz ; Khan, Muhammad Mujeeb</creator><creatorcontrib>Khan, Muhammad Sheharyar ; Khurram, Muhammad ; Qaiser, Shehrbano ; Mahmood, Najia ; Khan, Faramarz ; Khan, Muhammad Mujeeb</creatorcontrib><description>Background Clinically most apparent symptoms of COVID-19 include fever and cough, which in some patients show a worsening trend but are completely non-apparent in patients who present with an asymptomatic course of the disease. The aim of this study was to identify clinical and biochemical differences among polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive patients who are either febrile or afebrile. Methods This study was conducted in Rawalpindi Medical University and Allied Hospitals between September and December 2020. All patients who tested positive for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) COVID-19 were included in the study. After evaluation of 146 patients, 100 were selected, and with a response rate of 97%, a total of 97 patients were included in the final analysis. Depending on the presence of fever, the participants were divided into two groups. Both groups were then compared for baselines vitals and laboratory investigations. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS v23.0 (IBM Inc., Armonk, New York). Results Among the 97 patients, 66 (68%) of the participants were male, and 31 (32%) were females. The mean age of the study participants was 45.23±18.08 years. Fever was present in 39 (40.2%) of the participants. When compared with patients with no fever, the patients with fever had greater severity of disease (p<0.001), higher heart rate (p<0.001), decreased oxygen saturation (p<0.001). Among the laboratory investigations, the fever group had a greater tendency of having deranged alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (70.82±29.23 vs. 32.83±16.22, p=0.010), Lymphocytes (1.56±0.54 vs. 2.12±0.94, p=0.003) and serum total bilirubin (1.06±0.36 vs. 0.55±0.21, p=0.009). Based on multiple regression analysis, the presence of fever is a predictor of derangement in ALT (OR=1.034, CI=1.001-1.068 p=0.025) and total bilirubin (OR=4.38, CI=2.14-6.78, p=0.021). Conclusion Fever may not be present among all patients presenting with COVID-19 infection, but those who have a fever have a greater risk of having deranged liver function tests. Hence, it is important to monitor liver function tests (LFTs) in COVID-19 patients presenting with fever.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2168-8184</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2168-8184</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21724</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35251798</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Cureus Inc</publisher><subject>Blood pressure ; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ; Consent ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; Fever ; Gastroenterology ; Heart rate ; Hematology ; Hepatitis ; Hospitals ; Infectious Disease ; Internal Medicine ; Laboratories ; Liver diseases ; Oxygen saturation ; Patients ; Pneumonia ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Statistical analysis ; Variables</subject><ispartof>Curēus (Palo Alto, CA), 2022-01, Vol.14 (1), p.e21724-e21724</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2022, Khan et al.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2022, Khan et al. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2022, Khan et al. 2022 Khan et al.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c299t-a0e7433168fb7cd377a2237699b9e232ff3d1c5d7bb676beb5b455845944984f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8887690/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8887690/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35251798$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Khan, Muhammad Sheharyar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khurram, Muhammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qaiser, Shehrbano</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mahmood, Najia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Faramarz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Muhammad Mujeeb</creatorcontrib><title>Prevalence and Biochemical Associations of Fever in Adults With Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Proven Coronavirus Disease Presenting at Tertiary Care Hospitals in Rawalpindi</title><title>Curēus (Palo Alto, CA)</title><addtitle>Cureus</addtitle><description>Background Clinically most apparent symptoms of COVID-19 include fever and cough, which in some patients show a worsening trend but are completely non-apparent in patients who present with an asymptomatic course of the disease. The aim of this study was to identify clinical and biochemical differences among polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive patients who are either febrile or afebrile. Methods This study was conducted in Rawalpindi Medical University and Allied Hospitals between September and December 2020. All patients who tested positive for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) COVID-19 were included in the study. After evaluation of 146 patients, 100 were selected, and with a response rate of 97%, a total of 97 patients were included in the final analysis. Depending on the presence of fever, the participants were divided into two groups. Both groups were then compared for baselines vitals and laboratory investigations. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS v23.0 (IBM Inc., Armonk, New York). Results Among the 97 patients, 66 (68%) of the participants were male, and 31 (32%) were females. The mean age of the study participants was 45.23±18.08 years. Fever was present in 39 (40.2%) of the participants. When compared with patients with no fever, the patients with fever had greater severity of disease (p<0.001), higher heart rate (p<0.001), decreased oxygen saturation (p<0.001). Among the laboratory investigations, the fever group had a greater tendency of having deranged alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (70.82±29.23 vs. 32.83±16.22, p=0.010), Lymphocytes (1.56±0.54 vs. 2.12±0.94, p=0.003) and serum total bilirubin (1.06±0.36 vs. 0.55±0.21, p=0.009). Based on multiple regression analysis, the presence of fever is a predictor of derangement in ALT (OR=1.034, CI=1.001-1.068 p=0.025) and total bilirubin (OR=4.38, CI=2.14-6.78, p=0.021). Conclusion Fever may not be present among all patients presenting with COVID-19 infection, but those who have a fever have a greater risk of having deranged liver function tests. Hence, it is important to monitor liver function tests (LFTs) in COVID-19 patients presenting with fever.</description><subject>Blood pressure</subject><subject>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</subject><subject>Consent</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>Fever</subject><subject>Gastroenterology</subject><subject>Heart rate</subject><subject>Hematology</subject><subject>Hepatitis</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Infectious Disease</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Liver diseases</subject><subject>Oxygen saturation</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Pneumonia</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Variables</subject><issn>2168-8184</issn><issn>2168-8184</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkk9v1DAQxSMEolXpjTOyxIUDWxz_ie0L0hJailSJarWIo-U4k66rrB3sJKhfrp8Nhy1V4WRr3s8zb6xXFK9LfCYEVx_sFGFKZ6QUhD0rjklZyZUsJXv-5H5UnKZ0izEusSBY4JfFEeWEl0LJ4-L-OsJsevAWkPEt-uSC3cHeWdOjdUrBOjO64BMKHbqAGSJyHq3bqR8T-uHGHdosxQRoG41PNrphwdF16O_2EE0W6p3JTzZg7EGJYQaP6hCDN7OLU0KfXYKFzFYS-NH5G2RGtIU4OhPvUG0ioMuQBjeaPi3zN-aX6QfnW_eqeNHlIpw-nCfF94vzbX25uvr25Wu9vlpZotS4MhgEozT_SNcI21IhDCFUVEo1CgglXUfb0vJWNE0lqgYa3jDOJeOKMSVZR0-Kj4e-w9TsobXZZjS9HqLbZ4s6GKf_Vbzb6ZswayllHoNzg3cPDWL4OUEa9d4lC31vPIQpaVLRSkpMFMno2__Q2zBFn9fLFOOCKcF4pt4fKBtDShG6RzMl1ks29CEb-k82Mv7m6QKP8N8k0N_AJLrW</recordid><startdate>20220130</startdate><enddate>20220130</enddate><creator>Khan, Muhammad Sheharyar</creator><creator>Khurram, Muhammad</creator><creator>Qaiser, Shehrbano</creator><creator>Mahmood, Najia</creator><creator>Khan, Faramarz</creator><creator>Khan, Muhammad Mujeeb</creator><general>Cureus Inc</general><general>Cureus</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20220130</creationdate><title>Prevalence and Biochemical Associations of Fever in Adults With Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Proven Coronavirus Disease Presenting at Tertiary Care Hospitals in Rawalpindi</title><author>Khan, Muhammad Sheharyar ; Khurram, Muhammad ; Qaiser, Shehrbano ; Mahmood, Najia ; Khan, Faramarz ; Khan, Muhammad Mujeeb</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c299t-a0e7433168fb7cd377a2237699b9e232ff3d1c5d7bb676beb5b455845944984f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Blood pressure</topic><topic>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</topic><topic>Consent</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>Fever</topic><topic>Gastroenterology</topic><topic>Heart rate</topic><topic>Hematology</topic><topic>Hepatitis</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Infectious Disease</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Liver diseases</topic><topic>Oxygen saturation</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Pneumonia</topic><topic>Polymerase chain reaction</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Variables</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Khan, Muhammad Sheharyar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khurram, Muhammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qaiser, Shehrbano</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mahmood, Najia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Faramarz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Muhammad Mujeeb</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Coronavirus Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Curēus (Palo Alto, CA)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Khan, Muhammad Sheharyar</au><au>Khurram, Muhammad</au><au>Qaiser, Shehrbano</au><au>Mahmood, Najia</au><au>Khan, Faramarz</au><au>Khan, Muhammad Mujeeb</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Prevalence and Biochemical Associations of Fever in Adults With Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Proven Coronavirus Disease Presenting at Tertiary Care Hospitals in Rawalpindi</atitle><jtitle>Curēus (Palo Alto, CA)</jtitle><addtitle>Cureus</addtitle><date>2022-01-30</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>e21724</spage><epage>e21724</epage><pages>e21724-e21724</pages><issn>2168-8184</issn><eissn>2168-8184</eissn><abstract>Background Clinically most apparent symptoms of COVID-19 include fever and cough, which in some patients show a worsening trend but are completely non-apparent in patients who present with an asymptomatic course of the disease. The aim of this study was to identify clinical and biochemical differences among polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive patients who are either febrile or afebrile. Methods This study was conducted in Rawalpindi Medical University and Allied Hospitals between September and December 2020. All patients who tested positive for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) COVID-19 were included in the study. After evaluation of 146 patients, 100 were selected, and with a response rate of 97%, a total of 97 patients were included in the final analysis. Depending on the presence of fever, the participants were divided into two groups. Both groups were then compared for baselines vitals and laboratory investigations. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS v23.0 (IBM Inc., Armonk, New York). Results Among the 97 patients, 66 (68%) of the participants were male, and 31 (32%) were females. The mean age of the study participants was 45.23±18.08 years. Fever was present in 39 (40.2%) of the participants. When compared with patients with no fever, the patients with fever had greater severity of disease (p<0.001), higher heart rate (p<0.001), decreased oxygen saturation (p<0.001). Among the laboratory investigations, the fever group had a greater tendency of having deranged alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (70.82±29.23 vs. 32.83±16.22, p=0.010), Lymphocytes (1.56±0.54 vs. 2.12±0.94, p=0.003) and serum total bilirubin (1.06±0.36 vs. 0.55±0.21, p=0.009). Based on multiple regression analysis, the presence of fever is a predictor of derangement in ALT (OR=1.034, CI=1.001-1.068 p=0.025) and total bilirubin (OR=4.38, CI=2.14-6.78, p=0.021). Conclusion Fever may not be present among all patients presenting with COVID-19 infection, but those who have a fever have a greater risk of having deranged liver function tests. Hence, it is important to monitor liver function tests (LFTs) in COVID-19 patients presenting with fever.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Cureus Inc</pub><pmid>35251798</pmid><doi>10.7759/cureus.21724</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Blood pressure Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Consent Coronaviruses COVID-19 Fever Gastroenterology Heart rate Hematology Hepatitis Hospitals Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Laboratories Liver diseases Oxygen saturation Patients Pneumonia Polymerase chain reaction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Statistical analysis Variables |
| title | Prevalence and Biochemical Associations of Fever in Adults With Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Proven Coronavirus Disease Presenting at Tertiary Care Hospitals in Rawalpindi |
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