Non-compliance with colonoscopy after a positive faecal immunochemical test doubles the risk of dying from colorectal cancer
BackgroundThe risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) among subjects with a positive faecal immunochemical test (FIT) who do not undergo a colonoscopy is unknown. We estimated whether non-compliance with colonoscopy after a positive FIT is associated with increased CRC incidence and mortality.MethodsThe FIT...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Gut 2022-03, Vol.71 (3), p.561-567 |
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| creator | Zorzi, Manuel Battagello, Jessica Selby, Kevin Capodaglio, Giulia Baracco, Susanna Rizzato, Silvia Chinellato, Enrico Guzzinati, Stefano Rugge, Massimo |
| description | BackgroundThe risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) among subjects with a positive faecal immunochemical test (FIT) who do not undergo a colonoscopy is unknown. We estimated whether non-compliance with colonoscopy after a positive FIT is associated with increased CRC incidence and mortality.MethodsThe FIT-based CRC screening programme in the Veneto region (Italy) invited persons aged 50 to 69 years with a positive FIT (>20 µg Hb/g faeces) for diagnostic colonoscopy at an endoscopic referral centre. In this retrospective cohort study, we compared the 10-year cumulative CRC incidence and mortality among FIT positives who completed a diagnostic colonoscopy within the programme (compliers) and those who did not (non-compliers), using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox-Aalen models.ResultsSome 88 013 patients who were FIT positive complied with colonoscopy (males: 56.1%; aged 50–59 years: 49.1%) while 23 410 did not (males: 54.6%; aged 50–59 years: 44.9%).The 10-year cumulative incidence of CRC was 44.7 per 1000 (95% CI, 43.1 to 46.3) among colonoscopy compliers and 54.3 per 1000 (95% CI, 49.9 to 58.7) in non-compliers, while the cumulative mortality for CRC was 6.8 per 1000 (95% CI, 5.9 to 7.6) and 16.0 per 1000 (95% CI, 13.1 to 18.9), respectively. The risk of dying of CRC among non-compliers was 103% higher than among compliers (adjusted HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.68 to 2.44).ConclusionThe excess risk of CRC death among those not completing colonoscopy after a positive faecal occult blood test should prompt screening programmes to adopt effective interventions to increase compliance in this high-risk population. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322192 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8862019</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2507727300</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-b507t-334fa5f7f279f6f1492b0c537ea955ebae7f48c65f55b96bbc653f34bd56ee3f3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkUuPFCEUhYnROO3oH3BhSNy4qZFHAcXGxEwcNZnoRtcEaOimrYIWqDGd-OOHtsb2sTCuuDd899xzcwB4itEFxpS_3Mx1F8eOIII6SgiW5B5Y4Z4PrRuG-2CFEBYdE708A49K2SGEhkHih-CMUjFIydkKfP-QYmfTtB-DjtbBb6FuoU1jiqnYtD9A7avLUMN9KqGGGwe9dlaPMEzTHJPduikc2-pKhes0m9EVWLcO5lC-wOTh-hDiBvqcph-y2dnacHtclh-DB16PxT25e8_B56s3ny7fddcf376_fH3dGYZE7SjtvWZeeCKk5x73khhkGRVOS8ac0U74frCcecaM5Ma0knramzXjzrXqHLxadPezmdzaulizHtU-h0nng0o6qD9_YtiqTbpRw8AJwrIJvLgTyOnr3E5VUyjWjaOOLs1FkeZTEEERaujzv9BdmnNs5ynCCed941ijyELZnErJzp_MYKSO4aolXHUMVy3htqFnv59xGvmZZgO6BTDT7v8EL37xJ5v_GLgFC47CVw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2626647275</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Non-compliance with colonoscopy after a positive faecal immunochemical test doubles the risk of dying from colorectal cancer</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Zorzi, Manuel ; Battagello, Jessica ; Selby, Kevin ; Capodaglio, Giulia ; Baracco, Susanna ; Rizzato, Silvia ; Chinellato, Enrico ; Guzzinati, Stefano ; Rugge, Massimo</creator><creatorcontrib>Zorzi, Manuel ; Battagello, Jessica ; Selby, Kevin ; Capodaglio, Giulia ; Baracco, Susanna ; Rizzato, Silvia ; Chinellato, Enrico ; Guzzinati, Stefano ; Rugge, Massimo</creatorcontrib><description>BackgroundThe risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) among subjects with a positive faecal immunochemical test (FIT) who do not undergo a colonoscopy is unknown. We estimated whether non-compliance with colonoscopy after a positive FIT is associated with increased CRC incidence and mortality.MethodsThe FIT-based CRC screening programme in the Veneto region (Italy) invited persons aged 50 to 69 years with a positive FIT (>20 µg Hb/g faeces) for diagnostic colonoscopy at an endoscopic referral centre. In this retrospective cohort study, we compared the 10-year cumulative CRC incidence and mortality among FIT positives who completed a diagnostic colonoscopy within the programme (compliers) and those who did not (non-compliers), using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox-Aalen models.ResultsSome 88 013 patients who were FIT positive complied with colonoscopy (males: 56.1%; aged 50–59 years: 49.1%) while 23 410 did not (males: 54.6%; aged 50–59 years: 44.9%).The 10-year cumulative incidence of CRC was 44.7 per 1000 (95% CI, 43.1 to 46.3) among colonoscopy compliers and 54.3 per 1000 (95% CI, 49.9 to 58.7) in non-compliers, while the cumulative mortality for CRC was 6.8 per 1000 (95% CI, 5.9 to 7.6) and 16.0 per 1000 (95% CI, 13.1 to 18.9), respectively. The risk of dying of CRC among non-compliers was 103% higher than among compliers (adjusted HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.68 to 2.44).ConclusionThe excess risk of CRC death among those not completing colonoscopy after a positive faecal occult blood test should prompt screening programmes to adopt effective interventions to increase compliance in this high-risk population.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0017-5749</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1468-3288</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1468-3288</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322192</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33789965</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology</publisher><subject>Aged ; cancer prevention ; Colon ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal cancer ; colorectal cancer screening ; Colorectal carcinoma ; Colorectal Neoplasms - diagnosis ; Colorectal Neoplasms - epidemiology ; Compliance ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Emigration ; Endoscopy ; Feces ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Italy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Patient Compliance ; Patients ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Software ; Survival Rate ; Tumors</subject><ispartof>Gut, 2022-03, Vol.71 (3), p.561-567</ispartof><rights>Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.</rights><rights>Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.</rights><rights>2022 Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ . Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b507t-334fa5f7f279f6f1492b0c537ea955ebae7f48c65f55b96bbc653f34bd56ee3f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b507t-334fa5f7f279f6f1492b0c537ea955ebae7f48c65f55b96bbc653f34bd56ee3f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0679-0563 ; 0000-0001-6025-5214</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8862019/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8862019/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33789965$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zorzi, Manuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Battagello, Jessica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Selby, Kevin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Capodaglio, Giulia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baracco, Susanna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rizzato, Silvia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chinellato, Enrico</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guzzinati, Stefano</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rugge, Massimo</creatorcontrib><title>Non-compliance with colonoscopy after a positive faecal immunochemical test doubles the risk of dying from colorectal cancer</title><title>Gut</title><addtitle>Gut</addtitle><addtitle>Gut</addtitle><description>BackgroundThe risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) among subjects with a positive faecal immunochemical test (FIT) who do not undergo a colonoscopy is unknown. We estimated whether non-compliance with colonoscopy after a positive FIT is associated with increased CRC incidence and mortality.MethodsThe FIT-based CRC screening programme in the Veneto region (Italy) invited persons aged 50 to 69 years with a positive FIT (>20 µg Hb/g faeces) for diagnostic colonoscopy at an endoscopic referral centre. In this retrospective cohort study, we compared the 10-year cumulative CRC incidence and mortality among FIT positives who completed a diagnostic colonoscopy within the programme (compliers) and those who did not (non-compliers), using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox-Aalen models.ResultsSome 88 013 patients who were FIT positive complied with colonoscopy (males: 56.1%; aged 50–59 years: 49.1%) while 23 410 did not (males: 54.6%; aged 50–59 years: 44.9%).The 10-year cumulative incidence of CRC was 44.7 per 1000 (95% CI, 43.1 to 46.3) among colonoscopy compliers and 54.3 per 1000 (95% CI, 49.9 to 58.7) in non-compliers, while the cumulative mortality for CRC was 6.8 per 1000 (95% CI, 5.9 to 7.6) and 16.0 per 1000 (95% CI, 13.1 to 18.9), respectively. The risk of dying of CRC among non-compliers was 103% higher than among compliers (adjusted HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.68 to 2.44).ConclusionThe excess risk of CRC death among those not completing colonoscopy after a positive faecal occult blood test should prompt screening programmes to adopt effective interventions to increase compliance in this high-risk population.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>cancer prevention</subject><subject>Colon</subject><subject>Colonoscopy</subject><subject>Colorectal cancer</subject><subject>colorectal cancer screening</subject><subject>Colorectal carcinoma</subject><subject>Colorectal Neoplasms - diagnosis</subject><subject>Colorectal Neoplasms - epidemiology</subject><subject>Compliance</subject><subject>Early Detection of Cancer</subject><subject>Emigration</subject><subject>Endoscopy</subject><subject>Feces</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Italy</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Patient Compliance</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Software</subject><subject>Survival Rate</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><issn>0017-5749</issn><issn>1468-3288</issn><issn>1468-3288</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>9YT</sourceid><sourceid>ACMMV</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkUuPFCEUhYnROO3oH3BhSNy4qZFHAcXGxEwcNZnoRtcEaOimrYIWqDGd-OOHtsb2sTCuuDd899xzcwB4itEFxpS_3Mx1F8eOIII6SgiW5B5Y4Z4PrRuG-2CFEBYdE708A49K2SGEhkHih-CMUjFIydkKfP-QYmfTtB-DjtbBb6FuoU1jiqnYtD9A7avLUMN9KqGGGwe9dlaPMEzTHJPduikc2-pKhes0m9EVWLcO5lC-wOTh-hDiBvqcph-y2dnacHtclh-DB16PxT25e8_B56s3ny7fddcf376_fH3dGYZE7SjtvWZeeCKk5x73khhkGRVOS8ac0U74frCcecaM5Ma0knramzXjzrXqHLxadPezmdzaulizHtU-h0nng0o6qD9_YtiqTbpRw8AJwrIJvLgTyOnr3E5VUyjWjaOOLs1FkeZTEEERaujzv9BdmnNs5ynCCed941ijyELZnErJzp_MYKSO4aolXHUMVy3htqFnv59xGvmZZgO6BTDT7v8EL37xJ5v_GLgFC47CVw</recordid><startdate>20220301</startdate><enddate>20220301</enddate><creator>Zorzi, Manuel</creator><creator>Battagello, Jessica</creator><creator>Selby, Kevin</creator><creator>Capodaglio, Giulia</creator><creator>Baracco, Susanna</creator><creator>Rizzato, Silvia</creator><creator>Chinellato, Enrico</creator><creator>Guzzinati, Stefano</creator><creator>Rugge, Massimo</creator><general>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group</general><scope>9YT</scope><scope>ACMMV</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BTHHO</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0679-0563</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6025-5214</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220301</creationdate><title>Non-compliance with colonoscopy after a positive faecal immunochemical test doubles the risk of dying from colorectal cancer</title><author>Zorzi, Manuel ; Battagello, Jessica ; Selby, Kevin ; Capodaglio, Giulia ; Baracco, Susanna ; Rizzato, Silvia ; Chinellato, Enrico ; Guzzinati, Stefano ; Rugge, Massimo</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b507t-334fa5f7f279f6f1492b0c537ea955ebae7f48c65f55b96bbc653f34bd56ee3f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>cancer prevention</topic><topic>Colon</topic><topic>Colonoscopy</topic><topic>Colorectal cancer</topic><topic>colorectal cancer screening</topic><topic>Colorectal carcinoma</topic><topic>Colorectal Neoplasms - diagnosis</topic><topic>Colorectal Neoplasms - epidemiology</topic><topic>Compliance</topic><topic>Early Detection of Cancer</topic><topic>Emigration</topic><topic>Endoscopy</topic><topic>Feces</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Incidence</topic><topic>Italy</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Patient Compliance</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Software</topic><topic>Survival Rate</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zorzi, Manuel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Battagello, Jessica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Selby, Kevin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Capodaglio, Giulia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baracco, Susanna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rizzato, Silvia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chinellato, Enrico</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guzzinati, Stefano</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rugge, Massimo</creatorcontrib><collection>BMJ Open Access Journals</collection><collection>BMJ Journals:Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>BMJ Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Gut</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zorzi, Manuel</au><au>Battagello, Jessica</au><au>Selby, Kevin</au><au>Capodaglio, Giulia</au><au>Baracco, Susanna</au><au>Rizzato, Silvia</au><au>Chinellato, Enrico</au><au>Guzzinati, Stefano</au><au>Rugge, Massimo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Non-compliance with colonoscopy after a positive faecal immunochemical test doubles the risk of dying from colorectal cancer</atitle><jtitle>Gut</jtitle><stitle>Gut</stitle><addtitle>Gut</addtitle><date>2022-03-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>71</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>561</spage><epage>567</epage><pages>561-567</pages><issn>0017-5749</issn><issn>1468-3288</issn><eissn>1468-3288</eissn><abstract>BackgroundThe risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) among subjects with a positive faecal immunochemical test (FIT) who do not undergo a colonoscopy is unknown. We estimated whether non-compliance with colonoscopy after a positive FIT is associated with increased CRC incidence and mortality.MethodsThe FIT-based CRC screening programme in the Veneto region (Italy) invited persons aged 50 to 69 years with a positive FIT (>20 µg Hb/g faeces) for diagnostic colonoscopy at an endoscopic referral centre. In this retrospective cohort study, we compared the 10-year cumulative CRC incidence and mortality among FIT positives who completed a diagnostic colonoscopy within the programme (compliers) and those who did not (non-compliers), using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox-Aalen models.ResultsSome 88 013 patients who were FIT positive complied with colonoscopy (males: 56.1%; aged 50–59 years: 49.1%) while 23 410 did not (males: 54.6%; aged 50–59 years: 44.9%).The 10-year cumulative incidence of CRC was 44.7 per 1000 (95% CI, 43.1 to 46.3) among colonoscopy compliers and 54.3 per 1000 (95% CI, 49.9 to 58.7) in non-compliers, while the cumulative mortality for CRC was 6.8 per 1000 (95% CI, 5.9 to 7.6) and 16.0 per 1000 (95% CI, 13.1 to 18.9), respectively. The risk of dying of CRC among non-compliers was 103% higher than among compliers (adjusted HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.68 to 2.44).ConclusionThe excess risk of CRC death among those not completing colonoscopy after a positive faecal occult blood test should prompt screening programmes to adopt effective interventions to increase compliance in this high-risk population.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology</pub><pmid>33789965</pmid><doi>10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322192</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0679-0563</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6025-5214</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aged cancer prevention Colon Colonoscopy Colorectal cancer colorectal cancer screening Colorectal carcinoma Colorectal Neoplasms - diagnosis Colorectal Neoplasms - epidemiology Compliance Early Detection of Cancer Emigration Endoscopy Feces Female Humans Incidence Italy Male Middle Aged Mortality Patient Compliance Patients Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Software Survival Rate Tumors |
| title | Non-compliance with colonoscopy after a positive faecal immunochemical test doubles the risk of dying from colorectal cancer |
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