The Biological Role of Vitamins in Athletes' Muscle, Heart and Microbiota
Physical activity, combined with adequate nutrition, is considered a protective factor against cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders, and intestinal dysbiosis. Achieving optimal performance requires a significantly high energy expenditure, which must be correctly supplied to avoid the oc...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of environmental research and public health 2022-01, Vol.19 (3), p.1249 |
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| creator | Brancaccio, Mariarita Mennitti, Cristina Cesaro, Arturo Fimiani, Fabio Vano, Martina Gargiulo, Biagio Caiazza, Martina Amodio, Federica Coto, Iolanda D'Alicandro, Giovanni Mazzaccara, Cristina Lombardo, Barbara Pero, Raffaela Terracciano, Daniela Limongelli, Giuseppe Calabrò, Paolo D'Argenio, Valeria Frisso, Giulia Scudiero, Olga |
| description | Physical activity, combined with adequate nutrition, is considered a protective factor against cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders, and intestinal dysbiosis. Achieving optimal performance requires a significantly high energy expenditure, which must be correctly supplied to avoid the occurrence of diseases such as muscle injuries, oxidative stress, and heart pathologies, and a decrease in physical performance during competition. Moreover, in sports activities, the replenishment of water, vitamins, and minerals consumed during training is essential for safeguarding athletes' health. In this scenario, vitamins play a pivotal role in numerous metabolic reactions and some muscle biochemical adaptation processes induced by sports activity. Vitamins are introduced to the diet because the human body is unable to produce these micronutrients. The aim of this review is to highlight the fundamental role of vitamin supplementation in physical activity. Above all, we focus on the roles of vitamins A, B6, D, E, and K in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disorders, muscle injuries, and regulation of the microbiome. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph19031249 |
| format | Article |
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Achieving optimal performance requires a significantly high energy expenditure, which must be correctly supplied to avoid the occurrence of diseases such as muscle injuries, oxidative stress, and heart pathologies, and a decrease in physical performance during competition. Moreover, in sports activities, the replenishment of water, vitamins, and minerals consumed during training is essential for safeguarding athletes' health. In this scenario, vitamins play a pivotal role in numerous metabolic reactions and some muscle biochemical adaptation processes induced by sports activity. Vitamins are introduced to the diet because the human body is unable to produce these micronutrients. The aim of this review is to highlight the fundamental role of vitamin supplementation in physical activity. Above all, we focus on the roles of vitamins A, B6, D, E, and K in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disorders, muscle injuries, and regulation of the microbiome.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031249</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35162272</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Amino acids ; Antioxidants ; Athletes ; Cardiac muscle ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Carotenoids ; Cytokines ; Diet ; Dysbacteriosis ; Energy expenditure ; Exercise ; Free radicals ; Gene expression ; Humans ; Immune system ; Injury prevention ; Metabolism ; Microbiomes ; Microbiota ; Micronutrients ; Minerals ; Muscles ; Myocardium - metabolism ; Nutrition ; Oxidative stress ; Physical activity ; Physical fitness ; Replenishment ; Sports ; Vitamin A ; Vitamin B6 ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin deficiency ; Vitamins ; Vitamins - metabolism</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022-01, Vol.19 (3), p.1249</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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| subjects | Amino acids Antioxidants Athletes Cardiac muscle Cardiovascular diseases Carotenoids Cytokines Diet Dysbacteriosis Energy expenditure Exercise Free radicals Gene expression Humans Immune system Injury prevention Metabolism Microbiomes Microbiota Micronutrients Minerals Muscles Myocardium - metabolism Nutrition Oxidative stress Physical activity Physical fitness Replenishment Sports Vitamin A Vitamin B6 Vitamin D Vitamin deficiency Vitamins Vitamins - metabolism |
| title | The Biological Role of Vitamins in Athletes' Muscle, Heart and Microbiota |
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