A Community Outbreak of Legionnaires' Disease with Two Strains of L. pneumophila Serogroup 1 Linked to an Aquatic Therapy Centre
An outbreak of Legionnaires' disease affected 18 people in Montpellier, a town of the south of France, between December 2016 and July 2017. All cases were diagnosed by a positive urinary antigen test. No deaths were reported. Epidemiological, environmental and genomic investigations (nested Seq...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of environmental research and public health 2022-01, Vol.19 (3), p.1119 |
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| description | An outbreak of Legionnaires' disease affected 18 people in Montpellier, a town of the south of France, between December 2016 and July 2017. All cases were diagnosed by a positive urinary antigen test. No deaths were reported. Epidemiological, environmental and genomic investigations (nested Sequence-Based Typing (nSBT) and whole genome sequencing) were undertaken. For the cases for which we had information, four had a new isolate (ST2471), one had a different new isolate (ST2470), one had a genomic pattern compatible with the ST2471 identified by nSBT (
A = 3), and one had a genomic pattern not compatible with two previous identified STs (
E = 6). The analysis conducted on the pool of an aquatic therapy center revealed seven isolates of
. Whole genome analysis confirmed the link between the environmental and clinical isolates for both ST2470 and ST2471. As the outbreak occurred slowly, with several weeks between new cases, it was not possible to immediately identify a common source. The sixth case was the first to report having aquatic therapy care. Of the 18 cases, eight had attended the aquatic therapy center and the other 10 were inhabitants who lived, worked or walked close to the center. The main cause for this outbreak was the lack of facility maintenance. This investigation highlights the risk to public health of aquatic therapy centers for users and nearby populations, and emphasizes the need for risk reduction measures with specific guidelines to improve health and safety in aquatic facilities. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph19031119 |
| format | Article |
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A = 3), and one had a genomic pattern not compatible with two previous identified STs (
E = 6). The analysis conducted on the pool of an aquatic therapy center revealed seven isolates of
. Whole genome analysis confirmed the link between the environmental and clinical isolates for both ST2470 and ST2471. As the outbreak occurred slowly, with several weeks between new cases, it was not possible to immediately identify a common source. The sixth case was the first to report having aquatic therapy care. Of the 18 cases, eight had attended the aquatic therapy center and the other 10 were inhabitants who lived, worked or walked close to the center. The main cause for this outbreak was the lack of facility maintenance. This investigation highlights the risk to public health of aquatic therapy centers for users and nearby populations, and emphasizes the need for risk reduction measures with specific guidelines to improve health and safety in aquatic facilities.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031119</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35162143</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Aquatic Therapy ; Clinical isolates ; Disease Outbreaks ; Disease prevention ; Epidemics ; Epidemiology ; FlaA protein ; Fountains ; Genomes ; Genomics ; Health risks ; Humans ; Illnesses ; Laboratories ; Legionella pneumophila ; Legionnaire's disease ; Legionnaires' disease ; Legionnaires' Disease - diagnosis ; Legionnaires' Disease - epidemiology ; Legionnaires' disease bacterium ; Nucleotide sequence ; Outbreaks ; Pneumonia ; Public health ; Risk management ; Serogroup ; Software ; Whole genome sequencing</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022-01, Vol.19 (3), p.1119</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-406dd555fe0e69c19fecd4de50acf76df36d53930ff8c69826617508f1438eef3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-406dd555fe0e69c19fecd4de50acf76df36d53930ff8c69826617508f1438eef3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5750-0215 ; 0000-0002-5597-094X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8834728/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8834728/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35162143$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rousseau, Cyril</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ginevra, Christophe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simac, Leslie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fiard, Noel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vilhes, Karine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ranc, Anne-Gaëlle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jarraud, Sophie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gornes, Hervé</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mouly, Damien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Campese, Christine</creatorcontrib><title>A Community Outbreak of Legionnaires' Disease with Two Strains of L. pneumophila Serogroup 1 Linked to an Aquatic Therapy Centre</title><title>International journal of environmental research and public health</title><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><description>An outbreak of Legionnaires' disease affected 18 people in Montpellier, a town of the south of France, between December 2016 and July 2017. All cases were diagnosed by a positive urinary antigen test. No deaths were reported. Epidemiological, environmental and genomic investigations (nested Sequence-Based Typing (nSBT) and whole genome sequencing) were undertaken. For the cases for which we had information, four had a new isolate (ST2471), one had a different new isolate (ST2470), one had a genomic pattern compatible with the ST2471 identified by nSBT (
A = 3), and one had a genomic pattern not compatible with two previous identified STs (
E = 6). The analysis conducted on the pool of an aquatic therapy center revealed seven isolates of
. Whole genome analysis confirmed the link between the environmental and clinical isolates for both ST2470 and ST2471. As the outbreak occurred slowly, with several weeks between new cases, it was not possible to immediately identify a common source. The sixth case was the first to report having aquatic therapy care. Of the 18 cases, eight had attended the aquatic therapy center and the other 10 were inhabitants who lived, worked or walked close to the center. The main cause for this outbreak was the lack of facility maintenance. 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All cases were diagnosed by a positive urinary antigen test. No deaths were reported. Epidemiological, environmental and genomic investigations (nested Sequence-Based Typing (nSBT) and whole genome sequencing) were undertaken. For the cases for which we had information, four had a new isolate (ST2471), one had a different new isolate (ST2470), one had a genomic pattern compatible with the ST2471 identified by nSBT (
A = 3), and one had a genomic pattern not compatible with two previous identified STs (
E = 6). The analysis conducted on the pool of an aquatic therapy center revealed seven isolates of
. Whole genome analysis confirmed the link between the environmental and clinical isolates for both ST2470 and ST2471. As the outbreak occurred slowly, with several weeks between new cases, it was not possible to immediately identify a common source. The sixth case was the first to report having aquatic therapy care. Of the 18 cases, eight had attended the aquatic therapy center and the other 10 were inhabitants who lived, worked or walked close to the center. The main cause for this outbreak was the lack of facility maintenance. This investigation highlights the risk to public health of aquatic therapy centers for users and nearby populations, and emphasizes the need for risk reduction measures with specific guidelines to improve health and safety in aquatic facilities.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>35162143</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijerph19031119</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5750-0215</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5597-094X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aquatic Therapy Clinical isolates Disease Outbreaks Disease prevention Epidemics Epidemiology FlaA protein Fountains Genomes Genomics Health risks Humans Illnesses Laboratories Legionella pneumophila Legionnaire's disease Legionnaires' disease Legionnaires' Disease - diagnosis Legionnaires' Disease - epidemiology Legionnaires' disease bacterium Nucleotide sequence Outbreaks Pneumonia Public health Risk management Serogroup Software Whole genome sequencing |
| title | A Community Outbreak of Legionnaires' Disease with Two Strains of L. pneumophila Serogroup 1 Linked to an Aquatic Therapy Centre |
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