Evaluation of Statewide Restrictions on Flavored e-Cigarette Sales in the US From 2014 to 2020
e-Cigarettes are the most commonly used tobacco product among US youths. Flavors are among the most cited reasons for use of e-cigarettes among youths, and therefore, some states have imposed restrictions on flavored e-cigarette sales. To our knowledge, no study has compared e-cigarette sales betwee...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | JAMA network open 2022-02, Vol.5 (2), p.e2147813 |
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| creator | Ali, Fatma Romeh M Vallone, Donna Seaman, Elizabeth L Cordova, Jamie Diaz, Megan C Tynan, Michael A Trivers, Katrina F King, Brian A |
| description | e-Cigarettes are the most commonly used tobacco product among US youths. Flavors are among the most cited reasons for use of e-cigarettes among youths, and therefore, some states have imposed restrictions on flavored e-cigarette sales. To our knowledge, no study has compared e-cigarette sales between states with statewide flavored e-cigarette restrictions and states without such restrictions while controlling for co-occurring events.
To assess whether implementation of statewide restrictions on flavored e-cigarette sales in Massachusetts, New York, Rhode Island, and Washington was associated with a reduction in total e-cigarette unit sales from 2014 to 2020.
This cross-sectional study with difference-in-differences analysis used e-cigarette retail sales data from Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Washington, which implemented restrictions on flavored e-cigarette sales in October 2019; New York, which implemented these restrictions in May 2020; and 35 states without these restrictions (control states). Sales were summed into 4-week periods from August 24, 2014, to December 27, 2020, for a total of 2988 state-period observations.
A difference-in-differences analysis was conducted to compare e-cigarette unit sales in the 4 states with flavor restrictions (before and after implementation) with those in the 35 control states. The model controlled for other population-based policies and emergent events (eg, the COVID-19 pandemic). Data on 4-week e-cigarette unit sales were sorted into 4 flavor categories (tobacco, menthol, mint, and other). Unit sales were standardized to reflect the most common package sizes for each product type.
Statewide restrictions on non-tobacco-flavored e-cigarette sales were associated with the following reductions in mean 4-week total e-cigarette sales in intervention states compared with control states from October 2019 to December 2020: 30.65% (95% CI, 24.08%-36.66%) in New York, 31.26% (95% CI, 11.94%-46.34%) in Rhode Island, and 25.01% (95% CI, 18.43%-31.05%) in Washington. In Massachusetts, the comprehensive sales prohibition of all e-cigarette products was associated with a 94.38% (95% CI, 93.37%-95.23%) reduction in 4-week sales compared with control states. Except in Massachusetts, where all sales of flavored e-cigarettes decreased, reductions were found only for non-tobacco-flavored e-cigarette sales in the other states with restrictions. Among control states, mean sales decreased by 28.4% from August 2019 to February 2020 but |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.47813 |
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To assess whether implementation of statewide restrictions on flavored e-cigarette sales in Massachusetts, New York, Rhode Island, and Washington was associated with a reduction in total e-cigarette unit sales from 2014 to 2020.
This cross-sectional study with difference-in-differences analysis used e-cigarette retail sales data from Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Washington, which implemented restrictions on flavored e-cigarette sales in October 2019; New York, which implemented these restrictions in May 2020; and 35 states without these restrictions (control states). Sales were summed into 4-week periods from August 24, 2014, to December 27, 2020, for a total of 2988 state-period observations.
A difference-in-differences analysis was conducted to compare e-cigarette unit sales in the 4 states with flavor restrictions (before and after implementation) with those in the 35 control states. The model controlled for other population-based policies and emergent events (eg, the COVID-19 pandemic). Data on 4-week e-cigarette unit sales were sorted into 4 flavor categories (tobacco, menthol, mint, and other). Unit sales were standardized to reflect the most common package sizes for each product type.
Statewide restrictions on non-tobacco-flavored e-cigarette sales were associated with the following reductions in mean 4-week total e-cigarette sales in intervention states compared with control states from October 2019 to December 2020: 30.65% (95% CI, 24.08%-36.66%) in New York, 31.26% (95% CI, 11.94%-46.34%) in Rhode Island, and 25.01% (95% CI, 18.43%-31.05%) in Washington. In Massachusetts, the comprehensive sales prohibition of all e-cigarette products was associated with a 94.38% (95% CI, 93.37%-95.23%) reduction in 4-week sales compared with control states. Except in Massachusetts, where all sales of flavored e-cigarettes decreased, reductions were found only for non-tobacco-flavored e-cigarette sales in the other states with restrictions. Among control states, mean sales decreased by 28.4% from August 2019 to February 2020 but then increased by 49.9% from February through December 2020.
In this cross-sectional study, statewide restrictions on the sale of flavored e-cigarettes in Massachusetts, New York, Rhode Island, and Washington were associated with a reduction in total e-cigarette sales. These findings suggest that not all e-cigarette users who purchased non-tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes switched to purchasing tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes after policy implementation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2574-3805</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2574-3805</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.47813</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35142832</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Medical Association</publisher><subject>Commerce - legislation & jurisprudence ; Commerce - statistics & numerical data ; Consumer Behavior - statistics & numerical data ; COVID-19 ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Electronic cigarettes ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems - statistics & numerical data ; Flavoring Agents ; Humans ; Online Only ; Original Investigation ; Public Health ; Sales ; Tobacco ; United States - epidemiology ; Vaping - epidemiology ; Vaping - legislation & jurisprudence</subject><ispartof>JAMA network open, 2022-02, Vol.5 (2), p.e2147813</ispartof><rights>2022. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Copyright 2022 Ali FRM et al. .</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a473t-afee4f30b22f4ac893f9e035cffc9cc625dee70c3c3d175c48ec8b62c826c20d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a473t-afee4f30b22f4ac893f9e035cffc9cc625dee70c3c3d175c48ec8b62c826c20d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,860,881,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35142832$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ali, Fatma Romeh M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vallone, Donna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seaman, Elizabeth L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cordova, Jamie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diaz, Megan C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tynan, Michael A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trivers, Katrina F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>King, Brian A</creatorcontrib><title>Evaluation of Statewide Restrictions on Flavored e-Cigarette Sales in the US From 2014 to 2020</title><title>JAMA network open</title><addtitle>JAMA Netw Open</addtitle><description>e-Cigarettes are the most commonly used tobacco product among US youths. Flavors are among the most cited reasons for use of e-cigarettes among youths, and therefore, some states have imposed restrictions on flavored e-cigarette sales. To our knowledge, no study has compared e-cigarette sales between states with statewide flavored e-cigarette restrictions and states without such restrictions while controlling for co-occurring events.
To assess whether implementation of statewide restrictions on flavored e-cigarette sales in Massachusetts, New York, Rhode Island, and Washington was associated with a reduction in total e-cigarette unit sales from 2014 to 2020.
This cross-sectional study with difference-in-differences analysis used e-cigarette retail sales data from Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Washington, which implemented restrictions on flavored e-cigarette sales in October 2019; New York, which implemented these restrictions in May 2020; and 35 states without these restrictions (control states). Sales were summed into 4-week periods from August 24, 2014, to December 27, 2020, for a total of 2988 state-period observations.
A difference-in-differences analysis was conducted to compare e-cigarette unit sales in the 4 states with flavor restrictions (before and after implementation) with those in the 35 control states. The model controlled for other population-based policies and emergent events (eg, the COVID-19 pandemic). Data on 4-week e-cigarette unit sales were sorted into 4 flavor categories (tobacco, menthol, mint, and other). Unit sales were standardized to reflect the most common package sizes for each product type.
Statewide restrictions on non-tobacco-flavored e-cigarette sales were associated with the following reductions in mean 4-week total e-cigarette sales in intervention states compared with control states from October 2019 to December 2020: 30.65% (95% CI, 24.08%-36.66%) in New York, 31.26% (95% CI, 11.94%-46.34%) in Rhode Island, and 25.01% (95% CI, 18.43%-31.05%) in Washington. In Massachusetts, the comprehensive sales prohibition of all e-cigarette products was associated with a 94.38% (95% CI, 93.37%-95.23%) reduction in 4-week sales compared with control states. Except in Massachusetts, where all sales of flavored e-cigarettes decreased, reductions were found only for non-tobacco-flavored e-cigarette sales in the other states with restrictions. Among control states, mean sales decreased by 28.4% from August 2019 to February 2020 but then increased by 49.9% from February through December 2020.
In this cross-sectional study, statewide restrictions on the sale of flavored e-cigarettes in Massachusetts, New York, Rhode Island, and Washington were associated with a reduction in total e-cigarette sales. These findings suggest that not all e-cigarette users who purchased non-tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes switched to purchasing tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes after policy implementation.</description><subject>Commerce - legislation & jurisprudence</subject><subject>Commerce - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Consumer Behavior - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Electronic cigarettes</subject><subject>Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Flavoring Agents</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Online Only</subject><subject>Original Investigation</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>Sales</subject><subject>Tobacco</subject><subject>United States - epidemiology</subject><subject>Vaping - epidemiology</subject><subject>Vaping - legislation & jurisprudence</subject><issn>2574-3805</issn><issn>2574-3805</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpdUcFu1DAQtRCIVqW_gCy4cMlij53E4YCEVl1aqRISS69YXmfceknixXa26t_jpaUqPc1I782befMIecfZgjPGP27NaCbMtyH-CjucFsCAL2SruHhBjqFuZSUUq18-6Y_IaUpbxhgwLrqmfk2ORM0lKAHH5OfZ3gyzyT5MNDi6zibjre-RfseUo7cHINECrgazDxF7itXSX5uIOSNdmwET9RPNN0iv1nQVw0jLGklzKBXYG_LKmSHh6UM9IVersx_L8-ry29eL5ZfLyshW5Mo4ROkE2wA4aazqhOuQido6ZztrG6h7xJZZYUXP29pKhVZtGrAKGgusFyfk873ubt6M2FuccjSD3kU_mning_H6f2TyN_o67LUqX-CtKAIfHgRi-D0X73r0yeIwlGeHOWlooJVKcA6F-v4ZdRvmOBV7hdXUDTSqU4X16Z5lY0gpons8hjN9SFI_S1IfktR_kyzDb5_aeRz9l5v4A4pMnvs</recordid><startdate>20220201</startdate><enddate>20220201</enddate><creator>Ali, Fatma Romeh M</creator><creator>Vallone, Donna</creator><creator>Seaman, Elizabeth L</creator><creator>Cordova, Jamie</creator><creator>Diaz, Megan C</creator><creator>Tynan, Michael A</creator><creator>Trivers, Katrina F</creator><creator>King, Brian A</creator><general>American Medical Association</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20220201</creationdate><title>Evaluation of Statewide Restrictions on Flavored e-Cigarette Sales in the US From 2014 to 2020</title><author>Ali, Fatma Romeh M ; Vallone, Donna ; Seaman, Elizabeth L ; Cordova, Jamie ; Diaz, Megan C ; Tynan, Michael A ; Trivers, Katrina F ; King, Brian A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a473t-afee4f30b22f4ac893f9e035cffc9cc625dee70c3c3d175c48ec8b62c826c20d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Commerce - legislation & jurisprudence</topic><topic>Commerce - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Consumer Behavior - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Electronic cigarettes</topic><topic>Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Flavoring Agents</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Online Only</topic><topic>Original Investigation</topic><topic>Public Health</topic><topic>Sales</topic><topic>Tobacco</topic><topic>United States - epidemiology</topic><topic>Vaping - epidemiology</topic><topic>Vaping - legislation & jurisprudence</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ali, Fatma Romeh M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vallone, Donna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seaman, Elizabeth L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cordova, Jamie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diaz, Megan C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tynan, Michael A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trivers, Katrina F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>King, Brian A</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Coronavirus Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>JAMA network open</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ali, Fatma Romeh M</au><au>Vallone, Donna</au><au>Seaman, Elizabeth L</au><au>Cordova, Jamie</au><au>Diaz, Megan C</au><au>Tynan, Michael A</au><au>Trivers, Katrina F</au><au>King, Brian A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evaluation of Statewide Restrictions on Flavored e-Cigarette Sales in the US From 2014 to 2020</atitle><jtitle>JAMA network open</jtitle><addtitle>JAMA Netw Open</addtitle><date>2022-02-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>5</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>e2147813</spage><pages>e2147813-</pages><issn>2574-3805</issn><eissn>2574-3805</eissn><abstract>e-Cigarettes are the most commonly used tobacco product among US youths. Flavors are among the most cited reasons for use of e-cigarettes among youths, and therefore, some states have imposed restrictions on flavored e-cigarette sales. To our knowledge, no study has compared e-cigarette sales between states with statewide flavored e-cigarette restrictions and states without such restrictions while controlling for co-occurring events.
To assess whether implementation of statewide restrictions on flavored e-cigarette sales in Massachusetts, New York, Rhode Island, and Washington was associated with a reduction in total e-cigarette unit sales from 2014 to 2020.
This cross-sectional study with difference-in-differences analysis used e-cigarette retail sales data from Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Washington, which implemented restrictions on flavored e-cigarette sales in October 2019; New York, which implemented these restrictions in May 2020; and 35 states without these restrictions (control states). Sales were summed into 4-week periods from August 24, 2014, to December 27, 2020, for a total of 2988 state-period observations.
A difference-in-differences analysis was conducted to compare e-cigarette unit sales in the 4 states with flavor restrictions (before and after implementation) with those in the 35 control states. The model controlled for other population-based policies and emergent events (eg, the COVID-19 pandemic). Data on 4-week e-cigarette unit sales were sorted into 4 flavor categories (tobacco, menthol, mint, and other). Unit sales were standardized to reflect the most common package sizes for each product type.
Statewide restrictions on non-tobacco-flavored e-cigarette sales were associated with the following reductions in mean 4-week total e-cigarette sales in intervention states compared with control states from October 2019 to December 2020: 30.65% (95% CI, 24.08%-36.66%) in New York, 31.26% (95% CI, 11.94%-46.34%) in Rhode Island, and 25.01% (95% CI, 18.43%-31.05%) in Washington. In Massachusetts, the comprehensive sales prohibition of all e-cigarette products was associated with a 94.38% (95% CI, 93.37%-95.23%) reduction in 4-week sales compared with control states. Except in Massachusetts, where all sales of flavored e-cigarettes decreased, reductions were found only for non-tobacco-flavored e-cigarette sales in the other states with restrictions. Among control states, mean sales decreased by 28.4% from August 2019 to February 2020 but then increased by 49.9% from February through December 2020.
In this cross-sectional study, statewide restrictions on the sale of flavored e-cigarettes in Massachusetts, New York, Rhode Island, and Washington were associated with a reduction in total e-cigarette sales. These findings suggest that not all e-cigarette users who purchased non-tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes switched to purchasing tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes after policy implementation.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Medical Association</pub><pmid>35142832</pmid><doi>10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.47813</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Commerce - legislation & jurisprudence Commerce - statistics & numerical data Consumer Behavior - statistics & numerical data COVID-19 Cross-Sectional Studies Electronic cigarettes Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems - statistics & numerical data Flavoring Agents Humans Online Only Original Investigation Public Health Sales Tobacco United States - epidemiology Vaping - epidemiology Vaping - legislation & jurisprudence |
| title | Evaluation of Statewide Restrictions on Flavored e-Cigarette Sales in the US From 2014 to 2020 |
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