Men and Women Pursue Nonlinear Career Paths, but Impacts Differ: a Cross-Sectional Study of Academic Hospitalists
Background Nonlinear career paths are increasingly common. Women in academia pursuing nonlinear career paths experience negative impacts on career trajectory. No published studies have examined how pursuit of nonlinear career paths might perpetuate gender inequities within academic hospital medicine...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of general internal medicine : JGIM 2022-09, Vol.37 (12), p.3097-3104 |
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| container_title | Journal of general internal medicine : JGIM |
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| creator | Defoe, Maya V. Cameron, Kenzie A. Burden, Marisha Mazurek, Sophia R. Updike, John A. Keniston, Angela O’Leary, Kevin J. Best, Jennifer A. |
| description | Background
Nonlinear career paths are increasingly common. Women in academia pursuing nonlinear career paths experience negative impacts on career trajectory. No published studies have examined how pursuit of nonlinear career paths might perpetuate gender inequities within academic hospital medicine.
Objective
(
1
) Compare the frequency of nonlinear career paths by gender among academic hospitalists; (
2
) assess the perceived impact of two types of nonlinear career paths—extended leave (EL) and non-traditional work arrangements (NTWA) on hospitalists’ personal lives and careers.
Design, Setting, and Participants
Cross-sectional descriptive survey study of adult hospitalist physicians in three academic centers within the USA.
Intervention
Electronic survey including closed- and open-ended items assessing respondent utilization of and experiences with nonlinear career paths.
Main Outcomes and Measures
(
1
) Associations between EL and demographic variables as well as gender differences in leave length and NTWA strategies using Fisher’s exact test; 2) grounded theory qualitative analysis of open-text responses.
Key Results
Compared with men, women reported taking EL more often (
p
= 0.035) and for longer periods (
p
= 0.002). Men and women reported taking NTWA at similar rates. Women reported negative impacts of EL within domains of personal life, career, well-being, and work-life integration whereas men only reported negative impacts to career. Men and women described positive impacts of NTWA across all domains.
Conclusions
Women academic hospitalists reported taking EL more often than men and experienced disproportionately more adverse impacts to personal lives and careers. Surprisingly, men reported taking NTWA to address burnout and childbirth at similar rates to women. Our findings lay the groundwork for additional exploration of cultural and policy interventions, particularly improved paid leave policies. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11606-022-07402-x |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8796748</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2715618401</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-18d84defe540297c01b0f94c7398961c046a0843cd83dd78232e42b0fe93f2d33</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kV1PFTEQhhsjkePRP-CFaeIthX7ttuuFCTkqkKCSoPGy6WlnoWR3e2i7Bv69hQOoN17NJPPOOx8PQm8Y3WeUqoPMWEtbQjknVEnKyc0ztGANbwiTnXqOFlRrSbQSche9zPmKUiY41y_QrmhoxzrOF-j6C0zYTh7_jGPNzuaUZ8Bf4zSECWzCK5sAEj6z5TLv4fVc8Mm4sa5k_DH0PaT32OJVijmTc3AlxMkO-LzM_hbHHh8662EMDh_HvAnFDiGX_Art9HbI8PohLtGPz5--r47J6bejk9XhKXFSyUKY9lp66KGpl3XKUbamfSedEp3uWuaobC3VUjivhfdKc8FB8qqBTvTcC7FEH7a-m3k9gncwlWQHs0lhtOnWRBvMv5UpXJqL-Mto1bVK6mrw7sEgxesZcjFXcU71wGy4Yk3LtKwPXSK-Vbm7LyTonyYwau4wmS0mUzGZe0zmpja9_Xu3p5ZHLlUgtoJcS9MFpD-z_2P7G3oNnts</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2715618401</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Men and Women Pursue Nonlinear Career Paths, but Impacts Differ: a Cross-Sectional Study of Academic Hospitalists</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Defoe, Maya V. ; Cameron, Kenzie A. ; Burden, Marisha ; Mazurek, Sophia R. ; Updike, John A. ; Keniston, Angela ; O’Leary, Kevin J. ; Best, Jennifer A.</creator><creatorcontrib>Defoe, Maya V. ; Cameron, Kenzie A. ; Burden, Marisha ; Mazurek, Sophia R. ; Updike, John A. ; Keniston, Angela ; O’Leary, Kevin J. ; Best, Jennifer A.</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Nonlinear career paths are increasingly common. Women in academia pursuing nonlinear career paths experience negative impacts on career trajectory. No published studies have examined how pursuit of nonlinear career paths might perpetuate gender inequities within academic hospital medicine.
Objective
(
1
) Compare the frequency of nonlinear career paths by gender among academic hospitalists; (
2
) assess the perceived impact of two types of nonlinear career paths—extended leave (EL) and non-traditional work arrangements (NTWA) on hospitalists’ personal lives and careers.
Design, Setting, and Participants
Cross-sectional descriptive survey study of adult hospitalist physicians in three academic centers within the USA.
Intervention
Electronic survey including closed- and open-ended items assessing respondent utilization of and experiences with nonlinear career paths.
Main Outcomes and Measures
(
1
) Associations between EL and demographic variables as well as gender differences in leave length and NTWA strategies using Fisher’s exact test; 2) grounded theory qualitative analysis of open-text responses.
Key Results
Compared with men, women reported taking EL more often (
p
= 0.035) and for longer periods (
p
= 0.002). Men and women reported taking NTWA at similar rates. Women reported negative impacts of EL within domains of personal life, career, well-being, and work-life integration whereas men only reported negative impacts to career. Men and women described positive impacts of NTWA across all domains.
Conclusions
Women academic hospitalists reported taking EL more often than men and experienced disproportionately more adverse impacts to personal lives and careers. Surprisingly, men reported taking NTWA to address burnout and childbirth at similar rates to women. Our findings lay the groundwork for additional exploration of cultural and policy interventions, particularly improved paid leave policies.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0884-8734</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1525-1497</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11606-022-07402-x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35091922</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Adult ; Burnout ; Burnout, Professional ; Career Choice ; Careers ; Childbirth & labor ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Demographic variables ; Domains ; Female ; Gender ; Gender aspects ; Gender differences ; Hospital Medicine ; Hospitalists ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Men ; Original Research ; Qualitative analysis ; Sex differences ; Surveys ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Well being ; Women</subject><ispartof>Journal of general internal medicine : JGIM, 2022-09, Vol.37 (12), p.3097-3104</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Society of General Internal Medicine 2022</rights><rights>2022. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Society of General Internal Medicine.</rights><rights>The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Society of General Internal Medicine 2022.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-18d84defe540297c01b0f94c7398961c046a0843cd83dd78232e42b0fe93f2d33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-18d84defe540297c01b0f94c7398961c046a0843cd83dd78232e42b0fe93f2d33</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7084-3810</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8796748/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8796748/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35091922$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Defoe, Maya V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cameron, Kenzie A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burden, Marisha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mazurek, Sophia R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Updike, John A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keniston, Angela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O’Leary, Kevin J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Best, Jennifer A.</creatorcontrib><title>Men and Women Pursue Nonlinear Career Paths, but Impacts Differ: a Cross-Sectional Study of Academic Hospitalists</title><title>Journal of general internal medicine : JGIM</title><addtitle>J GEN INTERN MED</addtitle><addtitle>J Gen Intern Med</addtitle><description>Background
Nonlinear career paths are increasingly common. Women in academia pursuing nonlinear career paths experience negative impacts on career trajectory. No published studies have examined how pursuit of nonlinear career paths might perpetuate gender inequities within academic hospital medicine.
Objective
(
1
) Compare the frequency of nonlinear career paths by gender among academic hospitalists; (
2
) assess the perceived impact of two types of nonlinear career paths—extended leave (EL) and non-traditional work arrangements (NTWA) on hospitalists’ personal lives and careers.
Design, Setting, and Participants
Cross-sectional descriptive survey study of adult hospitalist physicians in three academic centers within the USA.
Intervention
Electronic survey including closed- and open-ended items assessing respondent utilization of and experiences with nonlinear career paths.
Main Outcomes and Measures
(
1
) Associations between EL and demographic variables as well as gender differences in leave length and NTWA strategies using Fisher’s exact test; 2) grounded theory qualitative analysis of open-text responses.
Key Results
Compared with men, women reported taking EL more often (
p
= 0.035) and for longer periods (
p
= 0.002). Men and women reported taking NTWA at similar rates. Women reported negative impacts of EL within domains of personal life, career, well-being, and work-life integration whereas men only reported negative impacts to career. Men and women described positive impacts of NTWA across all domains.
Conclusions
Women academic hospitalists reported taking EL more often than men and experienced disproportionately more adverse impacts to personal lives and careers. Surprisingly, men reported taking NTWA to address burnout and childbirth at similar rates to women. Our findings lay the groundwork for additional exploration of cultural and policy interventions, particularly improved paid leave policies.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Burnout</subject><subject>Burnout, Professional</subject><subject>Career Choice</subject><subject>Careers</subject><subject>Childbirth & labor</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Demographic variables</subject><subject>Domains</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>Gender aspects</subject><subject>Gender differences</subject><subject>Hospital Medicine</subject><subject>Hospitalists</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Men</subject><subject>Original Research</subject><subject>Qualitative analysis</subject><subject>Sex differences</subject><subject>Surveys</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Well being</subject><subject>Women</subject><issn>0884-8734</issn><issn>1525-1497</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kV1PFTEQhhsjkePRP-CFaeIthX7ttuuFCTkqkKCSoPGy6WlnoWR3e2i7Bv69hQOoN17NJPPOOx8PQm8Y3WeUqoPMWEtbQjknVEnKyc0ztGANbwiTnXqOFlRrSbQSche9zPmKUiY41y_QrmhoxzrOF-j6C0zYTh7_jGPNzuaUZ8Bf4zSECWzCK5sAEj6z5TLv4fVc8Mm4sa5k_DH0PaT32OJVijmTc3AlxMkO-LzM_hbHHh8662EMDh_HvAnFDiGX_Art9HbI8PohLtGPz5--r47J6bejk9XhKXFSyUKY9lp66KGpl3XKUbamfSedEp3uWuaobC3VUjivhfdKc8FB8qqBTvTcC7FEH7a-m3k9gncwlWQHs0lhtOnWRBvMv5UpXJqL-Mto1bVK6mrw7sEgxesZcjFXcU71wGy4Yk3LtKwPXSK-Vbm7LyTonyYwau4wmS0mUzGZe0zmpja9_Xu3p5ZHLlUgtoJcS9MFpD-z_2P7G3oNnts</recordid><startdate>20220901</startdate><enddate>20220901</enddate><creator>Defoe, Maya V.</creator><creator>Cameron, Kenzie A.</creator><creator>Burden, Marisha</creator><creator>Mazurek, Sophia R.</creator><creator>Updike, John A.</creator><creator>Keniston, Angela</creator><creator>O’Leary, Kevin J.</creator><creator>Best, Jennifer A.</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer Nature 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and Women Pursue Nonlinear Career Paths, but Impacts Differ: a Cross-Sectional Study of Academic Hospitalists</title><author>Defoe, Maya V. ; Cameron, Kenzie A. ; Burden, Marisha ; Mazurek, Sophia R. ; Updike, John A. ; Keniston, Angela ; O’Leary, Kevin J. ; Best, Jennifer A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-18d84defe540297c01b0f94c7398961c046a0843cd83dd78232e42b0fe93f2d33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Burnout</topic><topic>Burnout, Professional</topic><topic>Career Choice</topic><topic>Careers</topic><topic>Childbirth & labor</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Demographic variables</topic><topic>Domains</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gender</topic><topic>Gender aspects</topic><topic>Gender differences</topic><topic>Hospital Medicine</topic><topic>Hospitalists</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Men</topic><topic>Original Research</topic><topic>Qualitative analysis</topic><topic>Sex differences</topic><topic>Surveys</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>Well being</topic><topic>Women</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Defoe, Maya V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cameron, Kenzie A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burden, Marisha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mazurek, Sophia R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Updike, John A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keniston, Angela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O’Leary, Kevin J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Best, Jennifer A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE 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Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Defoe, Maya V.</au><au>Cameron, Kenzie A.</au><au>Burden, Marisha</au><au>Mazurek, Sophia R.</au><au>Updike, John A.</au><au>Keniston, Angela</au><au>O’Leary, Kevin J.</au><au>Best, Jennifer A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Men and Women Pursue Nonlinear Career Paths, but Impacts Differ: a Cross-Sectional Study of Academic Hospitalists</atitle><jtitle>Journal of general internal medicine : JGIM</jtitle><stitle>J GEN INTERN MED</stitle><addtitle>J Gen Intern Med</addtitle><date>2022-09-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>37</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>3097</spage><epage>3104</epage><pages>3097-3104</pages><issn>0884-8734</issn><eissn>1525-1497</eissn><abstract>Background
Nonlinear career paths are increasingly common. Women in academia pursuing nonlinear career paths experience negative impacts on career trajectory. No published studies have examined how pursuit of nonlinear career paths might perpetuate gender inequities within academic hospital medicine.
Objective
(
1
) Compare the frequency of nonlinear career paths by gender among academic hospitalists; (
2
) assess the perceived impact of two types of nonlinear career paths—extended leave (EL) and non-traditional work arrangements (NTWA) on hospitalists’ personal lives and careers.
Design, Setting, and Participants
Cross-sectional descriptive survey study of adult hospitalist physicians in three academic centers within the USA.
Intervention
Electronic survey including closed- and open-ended items assessing respondent utilization of and experiences with nonlinear career paths.
Main Outcomes and Measures
(
1
) Associations between EL and demographic variables as well as gender differences in leave length and NTWA strategies using Fisher’s exact test; 2) grounded theory qualitative analysis of open-text responses.
Key Results
Compared with men, women reported taking EL more often (
p
= 0.035) and for longer periods (
p
= 0.002). Men and women reported taking NTWA at similar rates. Women reported negative impacts of EL within domains of personal life, career, well-being, and work-life integration whereas men only reported negative impacts to career. Men and women described positive impacts of NTWA across all domains.
Conclusions
Women academic hospitalists reported taking EL more often than men and experienced disproportionately more adverse impacts to personal lives and careers. Surprisingly, men reported taking NTWA to address burnout and childbirth at similar rates to women. Our findings lay the groundwork for additional exploration of cultural and policy interventions, particularly improved paid leave policies.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>35091922</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11606-022-07402-x</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7084-3810</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0884-8734 |
| ispartof | Journal of general internal medicine : JGIM, 2022-09, Vol.37 (12), p.3097-3104 |
| issn | 0884-8734 1525-1497 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8796748 |
| source | MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Adult Burnout Burnout, Professional Career Choice Careers Childbirth & labor Cross-Sectional Studies Demographic variables Domains Female Gender Gender aspects Gender differences Hospital Medicine Hospitalists Humans Internal Medicine Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Men Original Research Qualitative analysis Sex differences Surveys Surveys and Questionnaires Well being Women |
| title | Men and Women Pursue Nonlinear Career Paths, but Impacts Differ: a Cross-Sectional Study of Academic Hospitalists |
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