Biochemical and clinical characterization of metabolic phenotypes: a cross-sectional study from Maracaibo city, Venezuela [version 3; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]
Background: In 1980, Reuben Andresen observed that in certain individuals, obesity did not increase mortality, introducing an atypical phenotype called "healthy obese". Other studies reported that 10-15 % of lean individuals presented insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. The...
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| creator | Bermudez, Valmore Rojas, Joselyn Salazar, Juan Martinez, Maria Sofia Olivar, Luis Carlos Calvo, Maria Jose Mindiola, Andres Añez, Roberto Wilches-Duran, Sandra Cerda, Marcos Graterol, Modesto Graterol, Rosemily Hernandez, Juan Diego Garicano, Carlos Velasco, Manuel |
| description | Background: In 1980, Reuben Andresen observed that in certain individuals, obesity did not increase mortality, introducing an atypical phenotype called "healthy obese". Other studies reported that 10-15 % of lean individuals presented insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. The objective of this study was to evaluate biochemical and clinical characteristics of metabolic phenotypes in Maracaibo city.
Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional sub-analysis of The Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study, with a randomized multistage sampling was performed including 1226 non diabetic individuals from both sexes. For phenotype definition, the subjects were first classified according to their BMI into Normal-Weight, Overweight and Obese; then divided in metabolically healthy and unhealthy using a two-step analysis cluster being predictive variables: HOMA2-IR, HOMA2-βcell, triglycerides. To evaluate the relationship with coronary risk, a multiple logistic regression model was performed.
Results: In the studied population, 43.9% (n=538) were healthy normal weight, 5.2% (n=64) unhealthy normal weight, 17.4% (n=217) healthy obese and 33.5% (n=411) unhealthy obese subjects. Atypical phenotypes, Metabolically Unhealthy Normal-Weight (MUNW) was more frequent in males (56.3%), whereas Metabolically Unhealthy Obese (MUO) was more frequent in females (51.3%). This phenotypes had a higher coronary event risk, especially for obese individuals (MHO: OR=1.85 CI95%: 1.11-3.09; p=0.02 and MUO: OR=2.09 CI95%: 1.34-3.28; p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.12688/f1000research.13897.3 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8796010</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2634423138</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2993-31cc2414c4fcb2e68f9f6a0de908661681aa46efd4768881661d5a02ded42ac93</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9UV1v1DAQjBCIVqV_AVnitXf463zJISHRCgpSES_AC0LWnrMmrpI42Emq9Lfx4-rkqkJfePLaOzPencmyl4yuGVd5_toySmnAiBBMtWYiL7Zr8SQ75lSqFZOUP_2nPspOY7xOBFoUQvHt8-xIbJhQmzw_zv6cO28qbJyBmkBbElO7drmYCgKYHoO7hd75lnhLGuxh72tnSFdh6_upw7gjQEzwMa4imhmYuLEfyonY4BvyeVYBt_fEuH46I9-xxdsBayA_RgxxFhZvSIcYSMDR4c2OcAJdF_yI5RlhDzW5cX1F5qXDuAwUf77InlmoI57enyfZtw_vv158XF19ufx08e5qZXhaeSWYMVwyaaQ1e44qt4VVQEssaK4UUzkDkAptKbfJ3Jylt3IDlJdYSg6mECfZ24NuN-wbLA22fYBad8E1ECbtwenHndZV-pcfdb4tFGU0Cby6Fwj-94Cx19d-CMmpqLkSUnKRMkwodUAtdga0Dz8wqpfg9aPg9RK8Fom4OxAtmKHupxmk_6L-T74Do365zg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2634423138</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Biochemical and clinical characterization of metabolic phenotypes: a cross-sectional study from Maracaibo city, Venezuela [version 3; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]</title><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Bermudez, Valmore ; Rojas, Joselyn ; Salazar, Juan ; Martinez, Maria Sofia ; Olivar, Luis Carlos ; Calvo, Maria Jose ; Mindiola, Andres ; Añez, Roberto ; Wilches-Duran, Sandra ; Cerda, Marcos ; Graterol, Modesto ; Graterol, Rosemily ; Hernandez, Juan Diego ; Garicano, Carlos ; Velasco, Manuel</creator><creatorcontrib>Bermudez, Valmore ; Rojas, Joselyn ; Salazar, Juan ; Martinez, Maria Sofia ; Olivar, Luis Carlos ; Calvo, Maria Jose ; Mindiola, Andres ; Añez, Roberto ; Wilches-Duran, Sandra ; Cerda, Marcos ; Graterol, Modesto ; Graterol, Rosemily ; Hernandez, Juan Diego ; Garicano, Carlos ; Velasco, Manuel</creatorcontrib><description>Background: In 1980, Reuben Andresen observed that in certain individuals, obesity did not increase mortality, introducing an atypical phenotype called "healthy obese". Other studies reported that 10-15 % of lean individuals presented insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. The objective of this study was to evaluate biochemical and clinical characteristics of metabolic phenotypes in Maracaibo city.
Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional sub-analysis of The Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study, with a randomized multistage sampling was performed including 1226 non diabetic individuals from both sexes. For phenotype definition, the subjects were first classified according to their BMI into Normal-Weight, Overweight and Obese; then divided in metabolically healthy and unhealthy using a two-step analysis cluster being predictive variables: HOMA2-IR, HOMA2-βcell, triglycerides. To evaluate the relationship with coronary risk, a multiple logistic regression model was performed.
Results: In the studied population, 43.9% (n=538) were healthy normal weight, 5.2% (n=64) unhealthy normal weight, 17.4% (n=217) healthy obese and 33.5% (n=411) unhealthy obese subjects. Atypical phenotypes, Metabolically Unhealthy Normal-Weight (MUNW) was more frequent in males (56.3%), whereas Metabolically Unhealthy Obese (MUO) was more frequent in females (51.3%). This phenotypes had a higher coronary event risk, especially for obese individuals (MHO: OR=1.85 CI95%: 1.11-3.09; p=0.02 and MUO: OR=2.09 CI95%: 1.34-3.28; p<0.01).
Conclusion: Individuals with atypical metabolic phenotypes are common in Maracaibo city. Related factors may include insulin resistance, basal glucose, and triglycerides levels. Lastly, obese subjects show a higher coronary event risk even those with normal metabolic status.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2046-1402</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2046-1402</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.13897.3</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35136588</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Faculty of 1000 Ltd</publisher><subject>Body weight ; Cluster analysis ; Cross-sectional studies ; Diabetes mellitus ; Dyslipidemia ; Hyperglycemia ; Insulin ; Insulin resistance ; Metabolic syndrome ; Mortality ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Phenotypes ; Population studies ; Socioeconomic factors ; Triglycerides</subject><ispartof>F1000 research, 2021, Vol.7, p.230</ispartof><rights>Copyright: © 2021 Bermudez V et al.</rights><rights>Copyright: © 2021 Bermudez V et al. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Copyright: © 2021 Bermudez V et al. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2993-31cc2414c4fcb2e68f9f6a0de908661681aa46efd4768881661d5a02ded42ac93</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1880-8887 ; 0000-0001-6363-2767 ; 0000-0003-4211-528X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8796010/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8796010/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,4024,27923,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bermudez, Valmore</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rojas, Joselyn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salazar, Juan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martinez, Maria Sofia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olivar, Luis Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Calvo, Maria Jose</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mindiola, Andres</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Añez, Roberto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilches-Duran, Sandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cerda, Marcos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Graterol, Modesto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Graterol, Rosemily</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hernandez, Juan Diego</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garicano, Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Velasco, Manuel</creatorcontrib><title>Biochemical and clinical characterization of metabolic phenotypes: a cross-sectional study from Maracaibo city, Venezuela [version 3; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]</title><title>F1000 research</title><description>Background: In 1980, Reuben Andresen observed that in certain individuals, obesity did not increase mortality, introducing an atypical phenotype called "healthy obese". Other studies reported that 10-15 % of lean individuals presented insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. The objective of this study was to evaluate biochemical and clinical characteristics of metabolic phenotypes in Maracaibo city.
Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional sub-analysis of The Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study, with a randomized multistage sampling was performed including 1226 non diabetic individuals from both sexes. For phenotype definition, the subjects were first classified according to their BMI into Normal-Weight, Overweight and Obese; then divided in metabolically healthy and unhealthy using a two-step analysis cluster being predictive variables: HOMA2-IR, HOMA2-βcell, triglycerides. To evaluate the relationship with coronary risk, a multiple logistic regression model was performed.
Results: In the studied population, 43.9% (n=538) were healthy normal weight, 5.2% (n=64) unhealthy normal weight, 17.4% (n=217) healthy obese and 33.5% (n=411) unhealthy obese subjects. Atypical phenotypes, Metabolically Unhealthy Normal-Weight (MUNW) was more frequent in males (56.3%), whereas Metabolically Unhealthy Obese (MUO) was more frequent in females (51.3%). This phenotypes had a higher coronary event risk, especially for obese individuals (MHO: OR=1.85 CI95%: 1.11-3.09; p=0.02 and MUO: OR=2.09 CI95%: 1.34-3.28; p<0.01).
Conclusion: Individuals with atypical metabolic phenotypes are common in Maracaibo city. Related factors may include insulin resistance, basal glucose, and triglycerides levels. Lastly, obese subjects show a higher coronary event risk even those with normal metabolic status.</description><subject>Body weight</subject><subject>Cluster analysis</subject><subject>Cross-sectional studies</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus</subject><subject>Dyslipidemia</subject><subject>Hyperglycemia</subject><subject>Insulin</subject><subject>Insulin resistance</subject><subject>Metabolic syndrome</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Overweight</subject><subject>Phenotypes</subject><subject>Population studies</subject><subject>Socioeconomic factors</subject><subject>Triglycerides</subject><issn>2046-1402</issn><issn>2046-1402</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9UV1v1DAQjBCIVqV_AVnitXf463zJISHRCgpSES_AC0LWnrMmrpI42Emq9Lfx4-rkqkJfePLaOzPencmyl4yuGVd5_toySmnAiBBMtWYiL7Zr8SQ75lSqFZOUP_2nPspOY7xOBFoUQvHt8-xIbJhQmzw_zv6cO28qbJyBmkBbElO7drmYCgKYHoO7hd75lnhLGuxh72tnSFdh6_upw7gjQEzwMa4imhmYuLEfyonY4BvyeVYBt_fEuH46I9-xxdsBayA_RgxxFhZvSIcYSMDR4c2OcAJdF_yI5RlhDzW5cX1F5qXDuAwUf77InlmoI57enyfZtw_vv158XF19ufx08e5qZXhaeSWYMVwyaaQ1e44qt4VVQEssaK4UUzkDkAptKbfJ3Jylt3IDlJdYSg6mECfZ24NuN-wbLA22fYBad8E1ECbtwenHndZV-pcfdb4tFGU0Cby6Fwj-94Cx19d-CMmpqLkSUnKRMkwodUAtdga0Dz8wqpfg9aPg9RK8Fom4OxAtmKHupxmk_6L-T74Do365zg</recordid><startdate>2021</startdate><enddate>2021</enddate><creator>Bermudez, Valmore</creator><creator>Rojas, Joselyn</creator><creator>Salazar, Juan</creator><creator>Martinez, Maria Sofia</creator><creator>Olivar, Luis Carlos</creator><creator>Calvo, Maria Jose</creator><creator>Mindiola, Andres</creator><creator>Añez, Roberto</creator><creator>Wilches-Duran, Sandra</creator><creator>Cerda, Marcos</creator><creator>Graterol, Modesto</creator><creator>Graterol, Rosemily</creator><creator>Hernandez, Juan Diego</creator><creator>Garicano, Carlos</creator><creator>Velasco, Manuel</creator><general>Faculty of 1000 Ltd</general><general>F1000 Research Limited</general><scope>C-E</scope><scope>CH4</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-8887</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6363-2767</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4211-528X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>2021</creationdate><title>Biochemical and clinical characterization of metabolic phenotypes: a cross-sectional study from Maracaibo city, Venezuela [version 3; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]</title><author>Bermudez, Valmore ; Rojas, Joselyn ; Salazar, Juan ; Martinez, Maria Sofia ; Olivar, Luis Carlos ; Calvo, Maria Jose ; Mindiola, Andres ; Añez, Roberto ; Wilches-Duran, Sandra ; Cerda, Marcos ; Graterol, Modesto ; Graterol, Rosemily ; Hernandez, Juan Diego ; Garicano, Carlos ; Velasco, Manuel</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2993-31cc2414c4fcb2e68f9f6a0de908661681aa46efd4768881661d5a02ded42ac93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Body weight</topic><topic>Cluster analysis</topic><topic>Cross-sectional studies</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus</topic><topic>Dyslipidemia</topic><topic>Hyperglycemia</topic><topic>Insulin</topic><topic>Insulin resistance</topic><topic>Metabolic syndrome</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Obesity</topic><topic>Overweight</topic><topic>Phenotypes</topic><topic>Population studies</topic><topic>Socioeconomic factors</topic><topic>Triglycerides</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bermudez, Valmore</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rojas, Joselyn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salazar, Juan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martinez, Maria Sofia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olivar, Luis Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Calvo, Maria Jose</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mindiola, Andres</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Añez, Roberto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilches-Duran, Sandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cerda, Marcos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Graterol, Modesto</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Graterol, Rosemily</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hernandez, Juan Diego</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garicano, Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Velasco, Manuel</creatorcontrib><collection>F1000Research</collection><collection>Faculty of 1000</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>F1000 research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bermudez, Valmore</au><au>Rojas, Joselyn</au><au>Salazar, Juan</au><au>Martinez, Maria Sofia</au><au>Olivar, Luis Carlos</au><au>Calvo, Maria Jose</au><au>Mindiola, Andres</au><au>Añez, Roberto</au><au>Wilches-Duran, Sandra</au><au>Cerda, Marcos</au><au>Graterol, Modesto</au><au>Graterol, Rosemily</au><au>Hernandez, Juan Diego</au><au>Garicano, Carlos</au><au>Velasco, Manuel</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Biochemical and clinical characterization of metabolic phenotypes: a cross-sectional study from Maracaibo city, Venezuela [version 3; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]</atitle><jtitle>F1000 research</jtitle><date>2021</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>7</volume><spage>230</spage><pages>230-</pages><issn>2046-1402</issn><eissn>2046-1402</eissn><abstract>Background: In 1980, Reuben Andresen observed that in certain individuals, obesity did not increase mortality, introducing an atypical phenotype called "healthy obese". Other studies reported that 10-15 % of lean individuals presented insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. The objective of this study was to evaluate biochemical and clinical characteristics of metabolic phenotypes in Maracaibo city.
Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional sub-analysis of The Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study, with a randomized multistage sampling was performed including 1226 non diabetic individuals from both sexes. For phenotype definition, the subjects were first classified according to their BMI into Normal-Weight, Overweight and Obese; then divided in metabolically healthy and unhealthy using a two-step analysis cluster being predictive variables: HOMA2-IR, HOMA2-βcell, triglycerides. To evaluate the relationship with coronary risk, a multiple logistic regression model was performed.
Results: In the studied population, 43.9% (n=538) were healthy normal weight, 5.2% (n=64) unhealthy normal weight, 17.4% (n=217) healthy obese and 33.5% (n=411) unhealthy obese subjects. Atypical phenotypes, Metabolically Unhealthy Normal-Weight (MUNW) was more frequent in males (56.3%), whereas Metabolically Unhealthy Obese (MUO) was more frequent in females (51.3%). This phenotypes had a higher coronary event risk, especially for obese individuals (MHO: OR=1.85 CI95%: 1.11-3.09; p=0.02 and MUO: OR=2.09 CI95%: 1.34-3.28; p<0.01).
Conclusion: Individuals with atypical metabolic phenotypes are common in Maracaibo city. Related factors may include insulin resistance, basal glucose, and triglycerides levels. Lastly, obese subjects show a higher coronary event risk even those with normal metabolic status.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Faculty of 1000 Ltd</pub><pmid>35136588</pmid><doi>10.12688/f1000research.13897.3</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-8887</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6363-2767</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4211-528X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Body weight Cluster analysis Cross-sectional studies Diabetes mellitus Dyslipidemia Hyperglycemia Insulin Insulin resistance Metabolic syndrome Mortality Obesity Overweight Phenotypes Population studies Socioeconomic factors Triglycerides |
| title | Biochemical and clinical characterization of metabolic phenotypes: a cross-sectional study from Maracaibo city, Venezuela [version 3; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] |
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