Coronary Heart Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Genetic Factors and Their Mechanisms, Gene-Gene, and Gene-Environment Interactions in the Asian Populations
Asians are more susceptible to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and its coronary heart disease (CHD) complications than the Western populations, possibly due to genetic factors, higher degrees of obesity, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction that could occur even in healthy individuals. The...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of environmental research and public health 2022-01, Vol.19 (2), p.647 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 2 |
| container_start_page | 647 |
| container_title | International journal of environmental research and public health |
| container_volume | 19 |
| creator | Zarkasi, Khairul Anwar Abdul Murad, Nor Azian Ahmad, Norfazilah Jamal, Rahman Abdullah, Noraidatulakma |
| description | Asians are more susceptible to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and its coronary heart disease (CHD) complications than the Western populations, possibly due to genetic factors, higher degrees of obesity, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction that could occur even in healthy individuals. The genetic factors and their mechanisms, along with gene-gene and gene-environment interactions associated with CHD in T2D Asians, are yet to be explored. Therefore, the objectives of this paper were to review the current evidence of genetic factors for CHD, summarize the proposed mechanisms of these genes and how they may associate with CHD risk, and review the gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in T2D Asians with CHD. The genetic factors can be grouped according to their involvement in the energy and lipoprotein metabolism, vascular and endothelial pathology, antioxidation, cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, hormonal regulation of glucose metabolism, as well as cytoskeletal function and intracellular transport. Meanwhile, interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from different genes, SNPs within a single gene, and genetic interaction with environmental factors including obesity, smoking habit, and hyperlipidemia could modify the gene's effect on the disease risk. Collectively, these factors illustrate the complexities of CHD in T2D, specifically among Asians. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph19020647 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8775550</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2621286019</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-4cd329dfc6506a89cb6b5518ffe571a23e0825c93c0beb84fec1a91723d81ecd3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpVkUtv1DAUhS0Eog_YskSW2DbFj9hxWCBVQ19SESyGteU4N8SjjB1sp1J_Tf8qnulD7cav-91zrnwQ-kTJKect-eo2EOeRtoQRWTdv0CGVklS1JPTti_MBOkppQwhXtWzfowMuiBC1VIfofhVi8Cbe4SswMeMfLoFJgJ3H67sZMCsvpoMMCf-EaXJ5Sd_wJXjIzuILY3OICRvf4_UILhbGjsa7tE0ne6raLSd7YH8997eu-G3BZ3ztM8Si4IJPO788Aj5Lznj8O8zLZPaFD-jdYKYEHx_3Y_Tn4ny9uqpufl1er85uKltTlava9py1_WClINKo1nayE4KqYQDRUMM4EMWEbbklHXSqHsBS09KG8V5RKM3H6PuD7rx0W-htGTCaSc_Rbcvn6GCcfl3xbtR_w61WTSOEIEXgy6NADP8WSFlvwhJ9mVkzyShTJYa2UKcPlI0hpQjDswMleheofh1oafj8cq5n_ClB_h-m3qAM</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2621286019</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Coronary Heart Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Genetic Factors and Their Mechanisms, Gene-Gene, and Gene-Environment Interactions in the Asian Populations</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Zarkasi, Khairul Anwar ; Abdul Murad, Nor Azian ; Ahmad, Norfazilah ; Jamal, Rahman ; Abdullah, Noraidatulakma</creator><creatorcontrib>Zarkasi, Khairul Anwar ; Abdul Murad, Nor Azian ; Ahmad, Norfazilah ; Jamal, Rahman ; Abdullah, Noraidatulakma</creatorcontrib><description>Asians are more susceptible to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and its coronary heart disease (CHD) complications than the Western populations, possibly due to genetic factors, higher degrees of obesity, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction that could occur even in healthy individuals. The genetic factors and their mechanisms, along with gene-gene and gene-environment interactions associated with CHD in T2D Asians, are yet to be explored. Therefore, the objectives of this paper were to review the current evidence of genetic factors for CHD, summarize the proposed mechanisms of these genes and how they may associate with CHD risk, and review the gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in T2D Asians with CHD. The genetic factors can be grouped according to their involvement in the energy and lipoprotein metabolism, vascular and endothelial pathology, antioxidation, cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, hormonal regulation of glucose metabolism, as well as cytoskeletal function and intracellular transport. Meanwhile, interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from different genes, SNPs within a single gene, and genetic interaction with environmental factors including obesity, smoking habit, and hyperlipidemia could modify the gene's effect on the disease risk. Collectively, these factors illustrate the complexities of CHD in T2D, specifically among Asians.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020647</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35055468</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Angina pectoris ; Apolipoproteins ; Asian people ; Asian People - genetics ; Cardiovascular disease ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Cell cycle ; Complications ; Coronary artery disease ; Coronary Disease - genetics ; Cytoskeleton ; Diabetes ; Diabetes mellitus ; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - genetics ; DNA damage ; DNA methylation ; DNA repair ; Energy metabolism ; Environmental factors ; Enzymes ; Gene expression ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genes ; Genetic factors ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Glucose ; Glucose metabolism ; Health risk assessment ; Health risks ; Heart attacks ; Heart diseases ; High density lipoprotein ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemia ; Hypertension ; Insulin ; Insulin resistance ; Lipid metabolism ; Lipids ; Lipoproteins ; Metabolism ; Nucleotides ; Obesity ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Population ; Population genetics ; Populations ; Protein expression ; Proteins ; Review ; Risk Factors ; Single-nucleotide polymorphism ; White people</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022-01, Vol.19 (2), p.647</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-4cd329dfc6506a89cb6b5518ffe571a23e0825c93c0beb84fec1a91723d81ecd3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-4cd329dfc6506a89cb6b5518ffe571a23e0825c93c0beb84fec1a91723d81ecd3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7186-2455 ; 0000-0003-4964-8652 ; 0000-0003-0766-6537</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8775550/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8775550/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27922,27923,53789,53791</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35055468$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zarkasi, Khairul Anwar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdul Murad, Nor Azian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmad, Norfazilah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jamal, Rahman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdullah, Noraidatulakma</creatorcontrib><title>Coronary Heart Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Genetic Factors and Their Mechanisms, Gene-Gene, and Gene-Environment Interactions in the Asian Populations</title><title>International journal of environmental research and public health</title><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><description>Asians are more susceptible to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and its coronary heart disease (CHD) complications than the Western populations, possibly due to genetic factors, higher degrees of obesity, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction that could occur even in healthy individuals. The genetic factors and their mechanisms, along with gene-gene and gene-environment interactions associated with CHD in T2D Asians, are yet to be explored. Therefore, the objectives of this paper were to review the current evidence of genetic factors for CHD, summarize the proposed mechanisms of these genes and how they may associate with CHD risk, and review the gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in T2D Asians with CHD. The genetic factors can be grouped according to their involvement in the energy and lipoprotein metabolism, vascular and endothelial pathology, antioxidation, cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, hormonal regulation of glucose metabolism, as well as cytoskeletal function and intracellular transport. Meanwhile, interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from different genes, SNPs within a single gene, and genetic interaction with environmental factors including obesity, smoking habit, and hyperlipidemia could modify the gene's effect on the disease risk. Collectively, these factors illustrate the complexities of CHD in T2D, specifically among Asians.</description><subject>Angina pectoris</subject><subject>Apolipoproteins</subject><subject>Asian people</subject><subject>Asian People - genetics</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Cell cycle</subject><subject>Complications</subject><subject>Coronary artery disease</subject><subject>Coronary Disease - genetics</subject><subject>Cytoskeleton</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - genetics</subject><subject>DNA damage</subject><subject>DNA methylation</subject><subject>DNA repair</subject><subject>Energy metabolism</subject><subject>Environmental factors</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene-Environment Interaction</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genetic factors</subject><subject>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</subject><subject>Glucose</subject><subject>Glucose metabolism</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Heart attacks</subject><subject>Heart diseases</subject><subject>High density lipoprotein</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hyperlipidemia</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Insulin</subject><subject>Insulin resistance</subject><subject>Lipid metabolism</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Lipoproteins</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Nucleotides</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Population genetics</subject><subject>Populations</subject><subject>Protein expression</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Single-nucleotide polymorphism</subject><subject>White people</subject><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><issn>1660-4601</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpVkUtv1DAUhS0Eog_YskSW2DbFj9hxWCBVQ19SESyGteU4N8SjjB1sp1J_Tf8qnulD7cav-91zrnwQ-kTJKect-eo2EOeRtoQRWTdv0CGVklS1JPTti_MBOkppQwhXtWzfowMuiBC1VIfofhVi8Cbe4SswMeMfLoFJgJ3H67sZMCsvpoMMCf-EaXJ5Sd_wJXjIzuILY3OICRvf4_UILhbGjsa7tE0ne6raLSd7YH8997eu-G3BZ3ztM8Si4IJPO788Aj5Lznj8O8zLZPaFD-jdYKYEHx_3Y_Tn4ny9uqpufl1er85uKltTlava9py1_WClINKo1nayE4KqYQDRUMM4EMWEbbklHXSqHsBS09KG8V5RKM3H6PuD7rx0W-htGTCaSc_Rbcvn6GCcfl3xbtR_w61WTSOEIEXgy6NADP8WSFlvwhJ9mVkzyShTJYa2UKcPlI0hpQjDswMleheofh1oafj8cq5n_ClB_h-m3qAM</recordid><startdate>20220106</startdate><enddate>20220106</enddate><creator>Zarkasi, Khairul Anwar</creator><creator>Abdul Murad, Nor Azian</creator><creator>Ahmad, Norfazilah</creator><creator>Jamal, Rahman</creator><creator>Abdullah, Noraidatulakma</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7186-2455</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4964-8652</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0766-6537</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220106</creationdate><title>Coronary Heart Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Genetic Factors and Their Mechanisms, Gene-Gene, and Gene-Environment Interactions in the Asian Populations</title><author>Zarkasi, Khairul Anwar ; Abdul Murad, Nor Azian ; Ahmad, Norfazilah ; Jamal, Rahman ; Abdullah, Noraidatulakma</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-4cd329dfc6506a89cb6b5518ffe571a23e0825c93c0beb84fec1a91723d81ecd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Angina pectoris</topic><topic>Apolipoproteins</topic><topic>Asian people</topic><topic>Asian People - genetics</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Cardiovascular diseases</topic><topic>Cell cycle</topic><topic>Complications</topic><topic>Coronary artery disease</topic><topic>Coronary Disease - genetics</topic><topic>Cytoskeleton</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - genetics</topic><topic>DNA damage</topic><topic>DNA methylation</topic><topic>DNA repair</topic><topic>Energy metabolism</topic><topic>Environmental factors</topic><topic>Enzymes</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Gene-Environment Interaction</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genetic factors</topic><topic>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</topic><topic>Glucose</topic><topic>Glucose metabolism</topic><topic>Health risk assessment</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Heart attacks</topic><topic>Heart diseases</topic><topic>High density lipoprotein</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hyperlipidemia</topic><topic>Hypertension</topic><topic>Insulin</topic><topic>Insulin resistance</topic><topic>Lipid metabolism</topic><topic>Lipids</topic><topic>Lipoproteins</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Nucleotides</topic><topic>Obesity</topic><topic>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</topic><topic>Population</topic><topic>Population genetics</topic><topic>Populations</topic><topic>Protein expression</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Review</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Single-nucleotide polymorphism</topic><topic>White people</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zarkasi, Khairul Anwar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdul Murad, Nor Azian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmad, Norfazilah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jamal, Rahman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdullah, Noraidatulakma</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zarkasi, Khairul Anwar</au><au>Abdul Murad, Nor Azian</au><au>Ahmad, Norfazilah</au><au>Jamal, Rahman</au><au>Abdullah, Noraidatulakma</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Coronary Heart Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Genetic Factors and Their Mechanisms, Gene-Gene, and Gene-Environment Interactions in the Asian Populations</atitle><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><date>2022-01-06</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>647</spage><pages>647-</pages><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><eissn>1660-4601</eissn><abstract>Asians are more susceptible to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and its coronary heart disease (CHD) complications than the Western populations, possibly due to genetic factors, higher degrees of obesity, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction that could occur even in healthy individuals. The genetic factors and their mechanisms, along with gene-gene and gene-environment interactions associated with CHD in T2D Asians, are yet to be explored. Therefore, the objectives of this paper were to review the current evidence of genetic factors for CHD, summarize the proposed mechanisms of these genes and how they may associate with CHD risk, and review the gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in T2D Asians with CHD. The genetic factors can be grouped according to their involvement in the energy and lipoprotein metabolism, vascular and endothelial pathology, antioxidation, cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, hormonal regulation of glucose metabolism, as well as cytoskeletal function and intracellular transport. Meanwhile, interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from different genes, SNPs within a single gene, and genetic interaction with environmental factors including obesity, smoking habit, and hyperlipidemia could modify the gene's effect on the disease risk. Collectively, these factors illustrate the complexities of CHD in T2D, specifically among Asians.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>35055468</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijerph19020647</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7186-2455</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4964-8652</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0766-6537</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1660-4601 |
| ispartof | International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022-01, Vol.19 (2), p.647 |
| issn | 1660-4601 1661-7827 1660-4601 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8775550 |
| source | MEDLINE; PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Angina pectoris Apolipoproteins Asian people Asian People - genetics Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular diseases Cell cycle Complications Coronary artery disease Coronary Disease - genetics Cytoskeleton Diabetes Diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - genetics DNA damage DNA methylation DNA repair Energy metabolism Environmental factors Enzymes Gene expression Gene-Environment Interaction Genes Genetic factors Genetic Predisposition to Disease Glucose Glucose metabolism Health risk assessment Health risks Heart attacks Heart diseases High density lipoprotein Humans Hyperlipidemia Hypertension Insulin Insulin resistance Lipid metabolism Lipids Lipoproteins Metabolism Nucleotides Obesity Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Population Population genetics Populations Protein expression Proteins Review Risk Factors Single-nucleotide polymorphism White people |
| title | Coronary Heart Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Genetic Factors and Their Mechanisms, Gene-Gene, and Gene-Environment Interactions in the Asian Populations |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-14T10%3A47%3A20IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Coronary%20Heart%20Disease%20in%20Type%202%20Diabetes%20Mellitus:%20Genetic%20Factors%20and%20Their%20Mechanisms,%20Gene-Gene,%20and%20Gene-Environment%20Interactions%20in%20the%20Asian%20Populations&rft.jtitle=International%20journal%20of%20environmental%20research%20and%20public%20health&rft.au=Zarkasi,%20Khairul%20Anwar&rft.date=2022-01-06&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=647&rft.pages=647-&rft.issn=1660-4601&rft.eissn=1660-4601&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/ijerph19020647&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E2621286019%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2621286019&rft_id=info:pmid/35055468&rfr_iscdi=true |