The microbiome and human cancer
Microbial roles in cancer formation, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment have been disputed for centuries. Recent studies have provocatively claimed that bacteria, viruses, and/or fungi are pervasive among cancers, key actors in cancer immunotherapy, and engineerable to treat metastases. Despite the...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2021-03, Vol.371 (6536), p.91-97 |
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| creator | Sepich-Poore, Gregory D Zitvogel, Laurence Straussman, Ravid Hasty, Jeff Wargo, Jennifer A Knight, Rob |
| description | Microbial roles in cancer formation, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment have been disputed for centuries. Recent studies have provocatively claimed that bacteria, viruses, and/or fungi are pervasive among cancers, key actors in cancer immunotherapy, and engineerable to treat metastases. Despite these findings, the number of microbes known to directly cause carcinogenesis remains small. Critically evaluating and building frameworks for such evidence in light of modern cancer biology is an important task. In this Review, we delineate between causal and complicit roles of microbes in cancer and trace common themes of their influence through the host's immune system, herein defined as the immuno-oncology-microbiome axis. We further review evidence for intratumoral microbes and approaches that manipulate the host's gut or tumor microbiome while projecting the next phase of experimental discovery. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1126/science.abc4552 |
| format | Article |
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Recent studies have provocatively claimed that bacteria, viruses, and/or fungi are pervasive among cancers, key actors in cancer immunotherapy, and engineerable to treat metastases. Despite these findings, the number of microbes known to directly cause carcinogenesis remains small. Critically evaluating and building frameworks for such evidence in light of modern cancer biology is an important task. In this Review, we delineate between causal and complicit roles of microbes in cancer and trace common themes of their influence through the host's immune system, herein defined as the immuno-oncology-microbiome axis. We further review evidence for intratumoral microbes and approaches that manipulate the host's gut or tumor microbiome while projecting the next phase of experimental discovery.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0036-8075</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1095-9203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1095-9203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1126/science.abc4552</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33766858</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: The American Association for the Advancement of Science</publisher><subject>Adaptive Immunity ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use ; Anticancer properties ; Antigens ; Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use ; Antitumor activity ; Bacteria ; Bacteria - genetics ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biology ; Cancer ; Cancer immunotherapy ; Cancer therapies ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinogens ; Clinical trials ; Commercialization ; Cytokines ; Digestive system ; Electron microscopy ; Evaluation ; Evidence ; Fungi ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Gastrointestinal tract ; Genetic Engineering ; Genomes ; Historical account ; Host Microbial Interactions ; Humans ; Immune system ; Immunofluorescence ; Immunology ; Immunomodulation ; Immunostimulation ; Immunotherapy ; Infectious diseases ; Intestinal microflora ; Life Sciences ; Lymphoid tissue ; Lymphoid Tissue - immunology ; Metabolites ; Metastases ; Microbiota ; Microorganisms ; Mimicry ; Modulation ; Mutation ; Neoplasms - immunology ; Neoplasms - microbiology ; Neoplasms - therapy ; Oncolytic Virotherapy ; Patients ; Phages ; Phenotypes ; Pollution control ; Regression analysis ; Sarcoma ; Streptococcus infections ; Therapy ; Toll-like receptors ; Toxicity ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Tumors ; Virus Physiological Phenomena ; Viruses</subject><ispartof>Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 2021-03, Vol.371 (6536), p.91-97</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. 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Recent studies have provocatively claimed that bacteria, viruses, and/or fungi are pervasive among cancers, key actors in cancer immunotherapy, and engineerable to treat metastases. Despite these findings, the number of microbes known to directly cause carcinogenesis remains small. Critically evaluating and building frameworks for such evidence in light of modern cancer biology is an important task. In this Review, we delineate between causal and complicit roles of microbes in cancer and trace common themes of their influence through the host's immune system, herein defined as the immuno-oncology-microbiome axis. 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| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; American Association for the Advancement of Science |
| subjects | Adaptive Immunity Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use Anticancer properties Antigens Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use Antitumor activity Bacteria Bacteria - genetics Bacterial Physiological Phenomena Biology Cancer Cancer immunotherapy Cancer therapies Carcinogenesis Carcinogens Clinical trials Commercialization Cytokines Digestive system Electron microscopy Evaluation Evidence Fungi Gastrointestinal Microbiome Gastrointestinal tract Genetic Engineering Genomes Historical account Host Microbial Interactions Humans Immune system Immunofluorescence Immunology Immunomodulation Immunostimulation Immunotherapy Infectious diseases Intestinal microflora Life Sciences Lymphoid tissue Lymphoid Tissue - immunology Metabolites Metastases Microbiota Microorganisms Mimicry Modulation Mutation Neoplasms - immunology Neoplasms - microbiology Neoplasms - therapy Oncolytic Virotherapy Patients Phages Phenotypes Pollution control Regression analysis Sarcoma Streptococcus infections Therapy Toll-like receptors Toxicity Tumor Microenvironment Tumors Virus Physiological Phenomena Viruses |
| title | The microbiome and human cancer |
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