Kinetics Study of Al Extraction from Desilicated Coal Fly Ash by NaOH at Atmospheric Pressure
The most promising source of alumina in the 21st century is the coal fly ash (CFA) waste of coal-fired thermal plants. The methods of alumina extraction from CFA are often based on the pressure alkaline or acid leaching or preliminary roasting with different additives followed by water leaching. The...
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description | The most promising source of alumina in the 21st century is the coal fly ash (CFA) waste of coal-fired thermal plants. The methods of alumina extraction from CFA are often based on the pressure alkaline or acid leaching or preliminary roasting with different additives followed by water leaching. The efficiency of the alumina extraction from CFA under atmospheric pressure leaching is low due to the high content of acid-insoluble alumina phase mullite (3Al
O
·2SiO
). This research for the first time shows the possibility of mullite leaching under atmospheric pressure after preliminary desilication using high liquid to solid ratios (L:S ratio) and Na
O concentration. The analysis of the desilicated CFA (DCFA) chemical and phase composition before and after leaching has been carried out by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology and elemental composition of solid product particles has been carried out by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). An automated neural network and a shrinking core model (SCM) were used to evaluate experimental data. The Al extraction efficiency from DCFA has been more than 84% at T = 120 °C, leaching time 60 min, the L/S ratio > 20, and concentration of Na
O-400 g L
. The kinetics analysis by SCM has shown that the surface chemical reaction controls the leaching process rate at T < 110 °C, and, at T > 110 °C after 15 min of leaching, the process is limited by diffusion through the product layer, which can be represented by titanium compounds. According to the SEM-EDX analysis of the solid residue, the magnetite spheres and mullite acicular particles were the main phases that remained after NaOH leaching. The spheric agglomerates of mullite particles with non-porous surface have also been found. |
doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ma14247700 |
format | Article |
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O
·2SiO
). This research for the first time shows the possibility of mullite leaching under atmospheric pressure after preliminary desilication using high liquid to solid ratios (L:S ratio) and Na
O concentration. The analysis of the desilicated CFA (DCFA) chemical and phase composition before and after leaching has been carried out by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology and elemental composition of solid product particles has been carried out by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). An automated neural network and a shrinking core model (SCM) were used to evaluate experimental data. The Al extraction efficiency from DCFA has been more than 84% at T = 120 °C, leaching time 60 min, the L/S ratio > 20, and concentration of Na
O-400 g L
. The kinetics analysis by SCM has shown that the surface chemical reaction controls the leaching process rate at T < 110 °C, and, at T > 110 °C after 15 min of leaching, the process is limited by diffusion through the product layer, which can be represented by titanium compounds. According to the SEM-EDX analysis of the solid residue, the magnetite spheres and mullite acicular particles were the main phases that remained after NaOH leaching. The spheric agglomerates of mullite particles with non-porous surface have also been found.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ma14247700</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34947303</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Acid leaching ; Acids ; Additives ; Alumina ; Aluminum oxide ; Atmospheric pressure ; Boilers ; Chemical composition ; Chemical reactions ; Coal ; Coal-fired power plants ; Diffusion layers ; Energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy ; Fly ash ; Inductively coupled plasma ; Kinetics ; Methods ; Minerals ; Mullite ; Nanoparticles ; Neural networks ; Optical emission spectroscopy ; Particle size ; Phase composition ; Pressure leaching ; Reagents ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Shrinking core model ; Titanium compounds</subject><ispartof>Materials, 2021-12, Vol.14 (24), p.7700</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-4cbab859ed77531e4db6d8f3561722c766ffc14b999a22600af5133bf82d2c13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-4cbab859ed77531e4db6d8f3561722c766ffc14b999a22600af5133bf82d2c13</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8820-7502 ; 0000-0002-9684-9628</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8707349/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8707349/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34947303$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Shoppert, Andrei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loginova, Irina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valeev, Dmitry</creatorcontrib><title>Kinetics Study of Al Extraction from Desilicated Coal Fly Ash by NaOH at Atmospheric Pressure</title><title>Materials</title><addtitle>Materials (Basel)</addtitle><description>The most promising source of alumina in the 21st century is the coal fly ash (CFA) waste of coal-fired thermal plants. The methods of alumina extraction from CFA are often based on the pressure alkaline or acid leaching or preliminary roasting with different additives followed by water leaching. The efficiency of the alumina extraction from CFA under atmospheric pressure leaching is low due to the high content of acid-insoluble alumina phase mullite (3Al
O
·2SiO
). This research for the first time shows the possibility of mullite leaching under atmospheric pressure after preliminary desilication using high liquid to solid ratios (L:S ratio) and Na
O concentration. The analysis of the desilicated CFA (DCFA) chemical and phase composition before and after leaching has been carried out by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology and elemental composition of solid product particles has been carried out by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). An automated neural network and a shrinking core model (SCM) were used to evaluate experimental data. The Al extraction efficiency from DCFA has been more than 84% at T = 120 °C, leaching time 60 min, the L/S ratio > 20, and concentration of Na
O-400 g L
. The kinetics analysis by SCM has shown that the surface chemical reaction controls the leaching process rate at T < 110 °C, and, at T > 110 °C after 15 min of leaching, the process is limited by diffusion through the product layer, which can be represented by titanium compounds. According to the SEM-EDX analysis of the solid residue, the magnetite spheres and mullite acicular particles were the main phases that remained after NaOH leaching. The spheric agglomerates of mullite particles with non-porous surface have also been found.</description><subject>Acid leaching</subject><subject>Acids</subject><subject>Additives</subject><subject>Alumina</subject><subject>Aluminum oxide</subject><subject>Atmospheric pressure</subject><subject>Boilers</subject><subject>Chemical composition</subject><subject>Chemical reactions</subject><subject>Coal</subject><subject>Coal-fired power plants</subject><subject>Diffusion layers</subject><subject>Energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy</subject><subject>Fly ash</subject><subject>Inductively coupled plasma</subject><subject>Kinetics</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Minerals</subject><subject>Mullite</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Neural networks</subject><subject>Optical emission spectroscopy</subject><subject>Particle size</subject><subject>Phase composition</subject><subject>Pressure leaching</subject><subject>Reagents</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Shrinking core model</subject><subject>Titanium compounds</subject><issn>1996-1944</issn><issn>1996-1944</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkVtLAzEQhYMoKtoXf4AEfBGhmls3mxeh1HpBsYK-SshmExvZ3dQkK_bfm-LdeZmB-TicmQPAHkbHlAp00irMCOMcoTWwjYUohlgwtv5r3gKDGJ9RLkpxScQm2KJMME4R3QaP164zyekI71NfL6G3cNzA6VsKSifnO2iDb-GZia5xWiVTw4lXDTxvlnAc57Bawls1u4QqwXFqfVzMTXAa3gUTYx_MLtiwqolm8Nl3wMP59GFyObyZXVxNxjdDzVCRhkxXqipHwtScjyg2rK6KurR0VGBOiOZFYa3GrBJCKEIKhJQdYUorW5KaaEx3wOmH7KKvWlNr02X7jVwE16qwlF45-XfTubl88q-y5IjnX2SBw0-B4F96E5NsXdSmaVRnfB8lKfKTaSZJRg_-oc--D12-bkWREtGSr6ijD0oHH2Mw9tsMRnKVm_zJLcP7v-1_o18p0XfQ_ZH0</recordid><startdate>20211213</startdate><enddate>20211213</enddate><creator>Shoppert, Andrei</creator><creator>Loginova, Irina</creator><creator>Valeev, Dmitry</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8820-7502</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9684-9628</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211213</creationdate><title>Kinetics Study of Al Extraction from Desilicated Coal Fly Ash by NaOH at Atmospheric Pressure</title><author>Shoppert, Andrei ; Loginova, Irina ; Valeev, Dmitry</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-4cbab859ed77531e4db6d8f3561722c766ffc14b999a22600af5133bf82d2c13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Acid leaching</topic><topic>Acids</topic><topic>Additives</topic><topic>Alumina</topic><topic>Aluminum oxide</topic><topic>Atmospheric pressure</topic><topic>Boilers</topic><topic>Chemical composition</topic><topic>Chemical reactions</topic><topic>Coal</topic><topic>Coal-fired power plants</topic><topic>Diffusion layers</topic><topic>Energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy</topic><topic>Fly ash</topic><topic>Inductively coupled plasma</topic><topic>Kinetics</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Minerals</topic><topic>Mullite</topic><topic>Nanoparticles</topic><topic>Neural networks</topic><topic>Optical emission spectroscopy</topic><topic>Particle size</topic><topic>Phase composition</topic><topic>Pressure leaching</topic><topic>Reagents</topic><topic>Scanning electron microscopy</topic><topic>Shrinking core model</topic><topic>Titanium compounds</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Shoppert, Andrei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loginova, Irina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valeev, Dmitry</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials science collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Materials</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Shoppert, Andrei</au><au>Loginova, Irina</au><au>Valeev, Dmitry</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Kinetics Study of Al Extraction from Desilicated Coal Fly Ash by NaOH at Atmospheric Pressure</atitle><jtitle>Materials</jtitle><addtitle>Materials (Basel)</addtitle><date>2021-12-13</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>24</issue><spage>7700</spage><pages>7700-</pages><issn>1996-1944</issn><eissn>1996-1944</eissn><abstract>The most promising source of alumina in the 21st century is the coal fly ash (CFA) waste of coal-fired thermal plants. The methods of alumina extraction from CFA are often based on the pressure alkaline or acid leaching or preliminary roasting with different additives followed by water leaching. The efficiency of the alumina extraction from CFA under atmospheric pressure leaching is low due to the high content of acid-insoluble alumina phase mullite (3Al
O
·2SiO
). This research for the first time shows the possibility of mullite leaching under atmospheric pressure after preliminary desilication using high liquid to solid ratios (L:S ratio) and Na
O concentration. The analysis of the desilicated CFA (DCFA) chemical and phase composition before and after leaching has been carried out by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology and elemental composition of solid product particles has been carried out by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). An automated neural network and a shrinking core model (SCM) were used to evaluate experimental data. The Al extraction efficiency from DCFA has been more than 84% at T = 120 °C, leaching time 60 min, the L/S ratio > 20, and concentration of Na
O-400 g L
. The kinetics analysis by SCM has shown that the surface chemical reaction controls the leaching process rate at T < 110 °C, and, at T > 110 °C after 15 min of leaching, the process is limited by diffusion through the product layer, which can be represented by titanium compounds. According to the SEM-EDX analysis of the solid residue, the magnetite spheres and mullite acicular particles were the main phases that remained after NaOH leaching. The spheric agglomerates of mullite particles with non-porous surface have also been found.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>34947303</pmid><doi>10.3390/ma14247700</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8820-7502</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9684-9628</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Acid leaching Acids Additives Alumina Aluminum oxide Atmospheric pressure Boilers Chemical composition Chemical reactions Coal Coal-fired power plants Diffusion layers Energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy Fly ash Inductively coupled plasma Kinetics Methods Minerals Mullite Nanoparticles Neural networks Optical emission spectroscopy Particle size Phase composition Pressure leaching Reagents Scanning electron microscopy Shrinking core model Titanium compounds |
title | Kinetics Study of Al Extraction from Desilicated Coal Fly Ash by NaOH at Atmospheric Pressure |
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