Development of Quebracho ( Schinopsis balansae ) Tannin-Based Thermoset Resins
One of the major challenges currently in the field of material science is finding natural alternatives to the high-performing plastics developed in the last century. Consumers trust synthetic products for their excellent properties, but they are becoming aware of their impact on the planet. One of t...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Polymers 2021-12, Vol.13 (24), p.4412 |
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| creator | Cesprini, Emanuele Šket, Primož Causin, Valerio Zanetti, Michela Tondi, Gianluca |
| description | One of the major challenges currently in the field of material science is finding natural alternatives to the high-performing plastics developed in the last century. Consumers trust synthetic products for their excellent properties, but they are becoming aware of their impact on the planet. One of the most attractive precursors for natural polymers is tannin extracts and in particular condensed tannins. Quebracho (
) extract is one of the few industrially available flavonoids and can be exploited as a building block for thermoset resins due to its phenol-like reactivity. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate different hardeners and evaluate the water resistance, thermal behavior, and chemical structure of the quebracho tannin-based polymers in order to understand their suitability as adhesives. It was observed that around 80% of the extract is resistant to leaching when 5% of formaldehyde or hexamine or 10% of glyoxal or furfural are added. Additionally, furfuryl alcohol guarantees high leaching resistance, but only at higher proportions (20%). The quebracho-based formulations showed specific thermal behavior during hardening and higher degradation resistance than the extract. Finally, these polymers undergo similar chemistry to those of mimosa, with exclusive reactivity of the A-ring of the flavonoid. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/polym13244412 |
| format | Article |
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) extract is one of the few industrially available flavonoids and can be exploited as a building block for thermoset resins due to its phenol-like reactivity. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate different hardeners and evaluate the water resistance, thermal behavior, and chemical structure of the quebracho tannin-based polymers in order to understand their suitability as adhesives. It was observed that around 80% of the extract is resistant to leaching when 5% of formaldehyde or hexamine or 10% of glyoxal or furfural are added. Additionally, furfuryl alcohol guarantees high leaching resistance, but only at higher proportions (20%). The quebracho-based formulations showed specific thermal behavior during hardening and higher degradation resistance than the extract. Finally, these polymers undergo similar chemistry to those of mimosa, with exclusive reactivity of the A-ring of the flavonoid.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/polym13244412</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34960963</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Alcohol ; Caustic soda ; Chemistry ; Curing ; Flavonoids ; Furfural ; Furfuryl alcohol ; Hardeners ; Hexamine ; Leaching ; Natural polymers ; Phenols ; Polymers ; Prepolymers ; Resins ; Tannins ; Thermal resistance ; Thermodynamic properties ; Thermosetting resins ; Water resistance ; Wood preservatives</subject><ispartof>Polymers, 2021-12, Vol.13 (24), p.4412</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-75f6ad49a27ce965d97c5a6ad368a7c342165661a1c513eda3a26cb2d4072a393</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-75f6ad49a27ce965d97c5a6ad368a7c342165661a1c513eda3a26cb2d4072a393</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0508-6010 ; 0000-0003-0543-3211 ; 0000-0002-9739-5330 ; 0000-0003-2383-6495</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8706668/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8706668/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34960963$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Cesprini, Emanuele</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Šket, Primož</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Causin, Valerio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zanetti, Michela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tondi, Gianluca</creatorcontrib><title>Development of Quebracho ( Schinopsis balansae ) Tannin-Based Thermoset Resins</title><title>Polymers</title><addtitle>Polymers (Basel)</addtitle><description>One of the major challenges currently in the field of material science is finding natural alternatives to the high-performing plastics developed in the last century. Consumers trust synthetic products for their excellent properties, but they are becoming aware of their impact on the planet. One of the most attractive precursors for natural polymers is tannin extracts and in particular condensed tannins. Quebracho (
) extract is one of the few industrially available flavonoids and can be exploited as a building block for thermoset resins due to its phenol-like reactivity. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate different hardeners and evaluate the water resistance, thermal behavior, and chemical structure of the quebracho tannin-based polymers in order to understand their suitability as adhesives. It was observed that around 80% of the extract is resistant to leaching when 5% of formaldehyde or hexamine or 10% of glyoxal or furfural are added. Additionally, furfuryl alcohol guarantees high leaching resistance, but only at higher proportions (20%). The quebracho-based formulations showed specific thermal behavior during hardening and higher degradation resistance than the extract. Finally, these polymers undergo similar chemistry to those of mimosa, with exclusive reactivity of the A-ring of the flavonoid.</description><subject>Alcohol</subject><subject>Caustic soda</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Curing</subject><subject>Flavonoids</subject><subject>Furfural</subject><subject>Furfuryl alcohol</subject><subject>Hardeners</subject><subject>Hexamine</subject><subject>Leaching</subject><subject>Natural polymers</subject><subject>Phenols</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Prepolymers</subject><subject>Resins</subject><subject>Tannins</subject><subject>Thermal resistance</subject><subject>Thermodynamic properties</subject><subject>Thermosetting resins</subject><subject>Water resistance</subject><subject>Wood preservatives</subject><issn>2073-4360</issn><issn>2073-4360</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkc1LxDAQxYMoKrpHrxLwoodqvpq2F8FvBVHU9Rxm01m30iY12Qr-92ZZFXUuGSY_Hu_xCNnh7FDKih31vv3ouBRKKS5WyKZghcyU1Gz1175BRjG-sjQq15oX62RDqkqzSstNcneO79j6vkM3p35KHwacBLAzT_fpk501zvexiXQCLbgISA_oGJxrXHYKEWs6nmHofMQ5fcTYuLhN1qbQRhx9vVvk-fJifHad3d5f3Zyd3GZW8XyeFflUQ60qEIXFSud1Vdgc0knqEgorleB64RW4zbnEGiQIbSeiVqwQICu5RY6Xuv0w6bC2yX2A1vSh6SB8GA-N-fvjmpl58e-mLJjWukwC-18Cwb8NGOema6LFNsVEP0QjNM85K8tSJHTvH_rqh-BSvAUlSpVzrRKVLSkbfIwBpz9mODOLssyfshK_-zvBD_1djfwEbZ-P0Q</recordid><startdate>20211216</startdate><enddate>20211216</enddate><creator>Cesprini, Emanuele</creator><creator>Šket, Primož</creator><creator>Causin, Valerio</creator><creator>Zanetti, Michela</creator><creator>Tondi, Gianluca</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0508-6010</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0543-3211</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9739-5330</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2383-6495</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211216</creationdate><title>Development of Quebracho ( Schinopsis balansae ) Tannin-Based Thermoset Resins</title><author>Cesprini, Emanuele ; Šket, Primož ; Causin, Valerio ; Zanetti, Michela ; Tondi, Gianluca</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-75f6ad49a27ce965d97c5a6ad368a7c342165661a1c513eda3a26cb2d4072a393</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Alcohol</topic><topic>Caustic soda</topic><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Curing</topic><topic>Flavonoids</topic><topic>Furfural</topic><topic>Furfuryl alcohol</topic><topic>Hardeners</topic><topic>Hexamine</topic><topic>Leaching</topic><topic>Natural polymers</topic><topic>Phenols</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Prepolymers</topic><topic>Resins</topic><topic>Tannins</topic><topic>Thermal resistance</topic><topic>Thermodynamic properties</topic><topic>Thermosetting resins</topic><topic>Water resistance</topic><topic>Wood preservatives</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Cesprini, Emanuele</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Šket, Primož</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Causin, Valerio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zanetti, Michela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tondi, Gianluca</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Polymers</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Cesprini, Emanuele</au><au>Šket, Primož</au><au>Causin, Valerio</au><au>Zanetti, Michela</au><au>Tondi, Gianluca</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Development of Quebracho ( Schinopsis balansae ) Tannin-Based Thermoset Resins</atitle><jtitle>Polymers</jtitle><addtitle>Polymers (Basel)</addtitle><date>2021-12-16</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>24</issue><spage>4412</spage><pages>4412-</pages><issn>2073-4360</issn><eissn>2073-4360</eissn><abstract>One of the major challenges currently in the field of material science is finding natural alternatives to the high-performing plastics developed in the last century. 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) extract is one of the few industrially available flavonoids and can be exploited as a building block for thermoset resins due to its phenol-like reactivity. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate different hardeners and evaluate the water resistance, thermal behavior, and chemical structure of the quebracho tannin-based polymers in order to understand their suitability as adhesives. It was observed that around 80% of the extract is resistant to leaching when 5% of formaldehyde or hexamine or 10% of glyoxal or furfural are added. Additionally, furfuryl alcohol guarantees high leaching resistance, but only at higher proportions (20%). The quebracho-based formulations showed specific thermal behavior during hardening and higher degradation resistance than the extract. Finally, these polymers undergo similar chemistry to those of mimosa, with exclusive reactivity of the A-ring of the flavonoid.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>34960963</pmid><doi>10.3390/polym13244412</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0508-6010</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0543-3211</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9739-5330</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2383-6495</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; PubMed Central Open Access |
| subjects | Alcohol Caustic soda Chemistry Curing Flavonoids Furfural Furfuryl alcohol Hardeners Hexamine Leaching Natural polymers Phenols Polymers Prepolymers Resins Tannins Thermal resistance Thermodynamic properties Thermosetting resins Water resistance Wood preservatives |
| title | Development of Quebracho ( Schinopsis balansae ) Tannin-Based Thermoset Resins |
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