Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Infection and Hospitalization in the Active Component US Military
To assess COVID-19 disparities in the active component US military with an emphasis on race and ethnicity. In this retrospective cohort study, we calculated the incidence of COVID-19 testing, infection, and hospitalization in the active component US military in calendar year 2020. Overall, 61.3 per...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | American journal of public health (1971) 2021-12, Vol.111 (12), p.2194-2201 |
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| creator | Young, John M Stahlman, Shauna L Clausen, Shawn S Bova, Mark L Mancuso, James D |
| description | To assess COVID-19 disparities in the active component US military with an emphasis on race and ethnicity.
In this retrospective cohort study, we calculated the incidence of COVID-19 testing, infection, and hospitalization in the active component US military in calendar year 2020.
Overall, 61.3 per 100 population per year were tested for COVID-19, 10.4% of tests were positive, and 1.1% of infected individuals were hospitalized. Non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics had a rate of testing for COVID-19 similar to that of Whites but had a higher risk of infection (adjusted risk ratio [ARR] = 1.25 and 1.26, respectively) and hospitalization (ARR = 1.28 and 1.21, respectively).
Although of lower magnitude than seen in civilian populations, racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 infection and hospitalizations exist in the US military despite universal eligibility for health care, similar rate of testing, and adjustment for comorbidities and other factors. Simply making health care coverage available may be insufficient to ensure health equity. Interventions to mitigate disparities in the US military should target the patient, provider, health care system, and society at large. (
. 2021;111(12):2194-2201. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306527). |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2105/AJPH.2021.306527 |
| format | Article |
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In this retrospective cohort study, we calculated the incidence of COVID-19 testing, infection, and hospitalization in the active component US military in calendar year 2020.
Overall, 61.3 per 100 population per year were tested for COVID-19, 10.4% of tests were positive, and 1.1% of infected individuals were hospitalized. Non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics had a rate of testing for COVID-19 similar to that of Whites but had a higher risk of infection (adjusted risk ratio [ARR] = 1.25 and 1.26, respectively) and hospitalization (ARR = 1.28 and 1.21, respectively).
Although of lower magnitude than seen in civilian populations, racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 infection and hospitalizations exist in the US military despite universal eligibility for health care, similar rate of testing, and adjustment for comorbidities and other factors. Simply making health care coverage available may be insufficient to ensure health equity. Interventions to mitigate disparities in the US military should target the patient, provider, health care system, and society at large. (
. 2021;111(12):2194-2201. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306527).</description><identifier>ISSN: 0090-0036</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1541-0048</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2021.306527</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34878873</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Public Health Association</publisher><subject>Access to Care ; Adult ; Antigens ; Beneficiaries ; Black people ; Cohort analysis ; Comorbidity ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - ethnology ; COVID-19 diagnostic tests ; COVID-19 Testing ; Cultural differences ; Disease ; Education ; Epidemiology ; Ethnicity ; Fairness ; Female ; Health care ; Health disparities ; Health risks ; Health services ; Health Status Disparities ; Health surveillance ; Hispanic Americans ; Hospitalization ; Hospitalization - statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Infections ; Internet ; Laboratories ; Latin American cultural groups ; Male ; Marital status ; Middle Aged ; Military ; Military occupations ; Military personnel ; Military Personnel - statistics & numerical data ; Minority & ethnic groups ; Open-Themed Research ; Other Race/Ethnicity ; Population ; Public health ; Race ; Research & Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Review boards ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sociodemographic Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors ; United States - epidemiology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>American journal of public health (1971), 2021-12, Vol.111 (12), p.2194-2201</ispartof><rights>Copyright American Public Health Association Dec 2021</rights><rights>American Public Health Association 2021 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c382t-868a9b39040ee009eb52b11adfec6d0eb01885347977cca88f775fb95bb32b1d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c382t-868a9b39040ee009eb52b11adfec6d0eb01885347977cca88f775fb95bb32b1d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8667833/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8667833/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27865,27923,27924,53790,53792</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34878873$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Young, John M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stahlman, Shauna L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clausen, Shawn S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bova, Mark L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mancuso, James D</creatorcontrib><title>Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Infection and Hospitalization in the Active Component US Military</title><title>American journal of public health (1971)</title><addtitle>Am J Public Health</addtitle><description>To assess COVID-19 disparities in the active component US military with an emphasis on race and ethnicity.
In this retrospective cohort study, we calculated the incidence of COVID-19 testing, infection, and hospitalization in the active component US military in calendar year 2020.
Overall, 61.3 per 100 population per year were tested for COVID-19, 10.4% of tests were positive, and 1.1% of infected individuals were hospitalized. Non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics had a rate of testing for COVID-19 similar to that of Whites but had a higher risk of infection (adjusted risk ratio [ARR] = 1.25 and 1.26, respectively) and hospitalization (ARR = 1.28 and 1.21, respectively).
Although of lower magnitude than seen in civilian populations, racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 infection and hospitalizations exist in the US military despite universal eligibility for health care, similar rate of testing, and adjustment for comorbidities and other factors. Simply making health care coverage available may be insufficient to ensure health equity. Interventions to mitigate disparities in the US military should target the patient, provider, health care system, and society at large. (
. 2021;111(12):2194-2201. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306527).</description><subject>Access to Care</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Antigens</subject><subject>Beneficiaries</subject><subject>Black people</subject><subject>Cohort analysis</subject><subject>Comorbidity</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - ethnology</subject><subject>COVID-19 diagnostic tests</subject><subject>COVID-19 Testing</subject><subject>Cultural differences</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>Education</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Ethnicity</subject><subject>Fairness</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health care</subject><subject>Health disparities</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Health services</subject><subject>Health Status Disparities</subject><subject>Health surveillance</subject><subject>Hispanic Americans</subject><subject>Hospitalization</subject><subject>Hospitalization - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Internet</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Latin American cultural groups</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Marital status</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Military</subject><subject>Military occupations</subject><subject>Military personnel</subject><subject>Military Personnel - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Minority & ethnic groups</subject><subject>Open-Themed Research</subject><subject>Other Race/Ethnicity</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Race</subject><subject>Research & Analysis</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Review boards</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>Sociodemographic Factors</subject><subject>Socioeconomic Factors</subject><subject>United States - epidemiology</subject><subject>Young 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the Active Component US Military</atitle><jtitle>American journal of public health (1971)</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Public Health</addtitle><date>2021-12</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>111</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>2194</spage><epage>2201</epage><pages>2194-2201</pages><issn>0090-0036</issn><eissn>1541-0048</eissn><abstract>To assess COVID-19 disparities in the active component US military with an emphasis on race and ethnicity.
In this retrospective cohort study, we calculated the incidence of COVID-19 testing, infection, and hospitalization in the active component US military in calendar year 2020.
Overall, 61.3 per 100 population per year were tested for COVID-19, 10.4% of tests were positive, and 1.1% of infected individuals were hospitalized. Non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics had a rate of testing for COVID-19 similar to that of Whites but had a higher risk of infection (adjusted risk ratio [ARR] = 1.25 and 1.26, respectively) and hospitalization (ARR = 1.28 and 1.21, respectively).
Although of lower magnitude than seen in civilian populations, racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 infection and hospitalizations exist in the US military despite universal eligibility for health care, similar rate of testing, and adjustment for comorbidities and other factors. Simply making health care coverage available may be insufficient to ensure health equity. Interventions to mitigate disparities in the US military should target the patient, provider, health care system, and society at large. (
. 2021;111(12):2194-2201. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306527).</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Public Health Association</pub><pmid>34878873</pmid><doi>10.2105/AJPH.2021.306527</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | American journal of public health (1971), 2021-12, Vol.111 (12), p.2194-2201 |
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| source | MEDLINE; PAIS Index; EBSCOhost Business Source Complete; EBSCOhost Education Source; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Access to Care Adult Antigens Beneficiaries Black people Cohort analysis Comorbidity Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - ethnology COVID-19 diagnostic tests COVID-19 Testing Cultural differences Disease Education Epidemiology Ethnicity Fairness Female Health care Health disparities Health risks Health services Health Status Disparities Health surveillance Hispanic Americans Hospitalization Hospitalization - statistics & numerical data Humans Infections Internet Laboratories Latin American cultural groups Male Marital status Middle Aged Military Military occupations Military personnel Military Personnel - statistics & numerical data Minority & ethnic groups Open-Themed Research Other Race/Ethnicity Population Public health Race Research & Analysis Retrospective Studies Review boards SARS-CoV-2 Sociodemographic Factors Socioeconomic Factors United States - epidemiology Young Adult |
| title | Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Infection and Hospitalization in the Active Component US Military |
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