Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Biological Function and Clinical Application
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a type of malignancy with high mortality, leading to poor prognosis worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying OSCC carcinogenesis have not been fully understood. Recently, the discovery and characterization of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have r...
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description | Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a type of malignancy with high mortality, leading to poor prognosis worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying OSCC carcinogenesis have not been fully understood. Recently, the discovery and characterization of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have revealed their regulatory importance in OSCC. Abnormal expression of lncRNAs has been broadly implicated in the initiation and progress of tumors. In this review, we summarize the functions and molecular mechanisms regarding these lncRNAs in OSCC. In addition, we highlight the crosstalk between lncRNA and tumor microenvironment (TME), and discuss the potential applications of lncRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic tools and therapeutic targets in OSCC. Notably, we also discuss lncRNA-targeted therapeutic techniques including CRISPR-Cas9 as well as immune checkpoint therapies to target lncRNA and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. Therefore, this review presents the future perspectives of lncRNAs in OSCC therapy, but more research is needed to allow the applications of these findings to the clinic. |
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However, the molecular mechanisms underlying OSCC carcinogenesis have not been fully understood. Recently, the discovery and characterization of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have revealed their regulatory importance in OSCC. Abnormal expression of lncRNAs has been broadly implicated in the initiation and progress of tumors. In this review, we summarize the functions and molecular mechanisms regarding these lncRNAs in OSCC. In addition, we highlight the crosstalk between lncRNA and tumor microenvironment (TME), and discuss the potential applications of lncRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic tools and therapeutic targets in OSCC. Notably, we also discuss lncRNA-targeted therapeutic techniques including CRISPR-Cas9 as well as immune checkpoint therapies to target lncRNA and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. Therefore, this review presents the future perspectives of lncRNAs in OSCC therapy, but more research is needed to allow the applications of these findings to the clinic.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-6694</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-6694</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235944</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34885054</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Angiogenesis ; Apoptosis ; Breast cancer ; Cancer therapies ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell cycle ; Cell growth ; Chemotherapy ; CRISPR ; Fibroblasts ; Genomes ; Immune checkpoint ; Malignancy ; Medical prognosis ; Metastasis ; Molecular modelling ; Non-coding RNA ; Oral cancer ; Oral carcinoma ; Oral squamous cell carcinoma ; PD-1 protein ; PD-L1 protein ; Radiation ; Review ; Reviews ; Therapeutic applications ; Therapeutic targets ; Tumor microenvironment ; Tumors</subject><ispartof>Cancers, 2021-11, Vol.13 (23), p.5944</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c398t-74d51396f9bc11739fc369dbb84f5b1706027b4fc1c272490ad1668ddc94aa1a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c398t-74d51396f9bc11739fc369dbb84f5b1706027b4fc1c272490ad1668ddc94aa1a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0377-7435 ; 0000-0001-7730-5839 ; 0000-0001-9197-4035</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8656574/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8656574/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tang, Jianfei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fang, Xiaodan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Juan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Haixia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Zhangui</creatorcontrib><title>Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Biological Function and Clinical Application</title><title>Cancers</title><description>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a type of malignancy with high mortality, leading to poor prognosis worldwide. 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Fang, Xiaodan ; Chen, Juan ; Zhang, Haixia ; Tang, Zhangui</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c398t-74d51396f9bc11739fc369dbb84f5b1706027b4fc1c272490ad1668ddc94aa1a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Angiogenesis</topic><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>Breast cancer</topic><topic>Cancer therapies</topic><topic>Carcinogenesis</topic><topic>Cell cycle</topic><topic>Cell growth</topic><topic>Chemotherapy</topic><topic>CRISPR</topic><topic>Fibroblasts</topic><topic>Genomes</topic><topic>Immune checkpoint</topic><topic>Malignancy</topic><topic>Medical prognosis</topic><topic>Metastasis</topic><topic>Molecular modelling</topic><topic>Non-coding RNA</topic><topic>Oral cancer</topic><topic>Oral carcinoma</topic><topic>Oral squamous cell carcinoma</topic><topic>PD-1 protein</topic><topic>PD-L1 protein</topic><topic>Radiation</topic><topic>Review</topic><topic>Reviews</topic><topic>Therapeutic applications</topic><topic>Therapeutic targets</topic><topic>Tumor microenvironment</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tang, Jianfei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fang, Xiaodan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Juan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Haixia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Zhangui</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Cancers</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tang, Jianfei</au><au>Fang, Xiaodan</au><au>Chen, Juan</au><au>Zhang, Haixia</au><au>Tang, Zhangui</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Biological Function and Clinical Application</atitle><jtitle>Cancers</jtitle><date>2021-11-26</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>23</issue><spage>5944</spage><pages>5944-</pages><issn>2072-6694</issn><eissn>2072-6694</eissn><abstract>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a type of malignancy with high mortality, leading to poor prognosis worldwide. 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subjects | Angiogenesis Apoptosis Breast cancer Cancer therapies Carcinogenesis Cell cycle Cell growth Chemotherapy CRISPR Fibroblasts Genomes Immune checkpoint Malignancy Medical prognosis Metastasis Molecular modelling Non-coding RNA Oral cancer Oral carcinoma Oral squamous cell carcinoma PD-1 protein PD-L1 protein Radiation Review Reviews Therapeutic applications Therapeutic targets Tumor microenvironment Tumors |
title | Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Biological Function and Clinical Application |
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