Simultaneous steroids measurement in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism using a column-switching liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method

We developed an analytical method using an on-line column-switching liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) for quantifying multiple steroids in serum. Using the developed method, we evaluated the serum concentration of nine steroids (cortisol, corticosterone, corti...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 2021, Vol.83(11), pp.1634-1642
Hauptverfasser: SASAKI, Noboru, OO, Thandar, YASUDA, Yoshikazu, ICHISE, Takahiro, NAGATA, Noriyuki, YOKOYAMA, Nozomu, SASAOKA, Kazuyoshi, MORISHITA, Keitaro, NAKAYAMA, Shouta MM, ISHIZUKA, Mayumi, NAKAMURA, Kensuke, TAKIGUCHI, Mitsuyoshi, IKENAKA, Yoshinori
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 1642
container_issue 11
container_start_page 1634
container_title Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
container_volume 83
creator SASAKI, Noboru
OO, Thandar
YASUDA, Yoshikazu
ICHISE, Takahiro
NAGATA, Noriyuki
YOKOYAMA, Nozomu
SASAOKA, Kazuyoshi
MORISHITA, Keitaro
NAKAYAMA, Shouta MM
ISHIZUKA, Mayumi
NAKAMURA, Kensuke
TAKIGUCHI, Mitsuyoshi
IKENAKA, Yoshinori
description We developed an analytical method using an on-line column-switching liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) for quantifying multiple steroids in serum. Using the developed method, we evaluated the serum concentration of nine steroids (cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, 21-deoxycortisol, deoxycorticosterone, progesterone, 17α-OH-progesterone and aldosterone) in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). Serum was mixed with stable isotope internal standards and thereafter purified by the automated column-switching system. The limit of detection ranged 2–16 pg/ml for nine steroids. In the baseline samples, five steroids (cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, and 17α-OH-progesterone) were detected in all dogs. The concentrations of cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, and 17α-OH-progesterone in dogs with HAC (n=19) were significantly higher those in dogs without HAC (n=15, P
doi_str_mv 10.1292/jvms.21-0406
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8636878</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2575070328</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c583t-fa71573dc5b9696821fb7bfd4af26423aab7ae1d23d32b4e0ab5d9028d2b473f3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkc2u1SAUhRuj8R6vznwAEicO7JXfUiYm5sS_5CYO1DGhQFtOSukFes15DZ9Ymp6cRCcQ9vrYi82qqtcI3iEs8PvTo093GNWQwuZJdUCE8ppTIp5WByhQU3PM4E31IqUThBjRRjyvbghllAomDtWfH86vU1azDWsCKdsYnEnAW5XWaL2dM3AzMGFI4LfLIxjPi43KRDsHHWJ22iUP1uTmASigw7T6uU6F1ONWmtzD6gzQYwxe5TBEtYznurgZ64FXqTguVuei2hzPxTWPwbysnvVqSvbVZb-tfn3-9PP4tb7__uXb8eN9rVlLct0rjhgnRrNONKJpMeo73vWGqh43FBOlOq4sMpgYgjtqoeqYERC3ppw46clt9WHvu6ydt0aXWaOa5BKdV_Esg3LyX2V2oxzCo2wb0rS8LQ3eXhrE8LDalKV3Sdtp2n9TYsYZ5JDgDX3zH3oKa5zLeIUSiJIGsqZQ73ZKx5BStP31MQjKLWy5hS0xklvYBT_u-CllNdgrrLZcJrvDLZEIbevl1lXVo4rSzuQv9T66oA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2591436056</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Simultaneous steroids measurement in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism using a column-switching liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method</title><source>J-STAGE Free</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>SASAKI, Noboru ; OO, Thandar ; YASUDA, Yoshikazu ; ICHISE, Takahiro ; NAGATA, Noriyuki ; YOKOYAMA, Nozomu ; SASAOKA, Kazuyoshi ; MORISHITA, Keitaro ; NAKAYAMA, Shouta MM ; ISHIZUKA, Mayumi ; NAKAMURA, Kensuke ; TAKIGUCHI, Mitsuyoshi ; IKENAKA, Yoshinori</creator><creatorcontrib>SASAKI, Noboru ; OO, Thandar ; YASUDA, Yoshikazu ; ICHISE, Takahiro ; NAGATA, Noriyuki ; YOKOYAMA, Nozomu ; SASAOKA, Kazuyoshi ; MORISHITA, Keitaro ; NAKAYAMA, Shouta MM ; ISHIZUKA, Mayumi ; NAKAMURA, Kensuke ; TAKIGUCHI, Mitsuyoshi ; IKENAKA, Yoshinori</creatorcontrib><description>We developed an analytical method using an on-line column-switching liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) for quantifying multiple steroids in serum. Using the developed method, we evaluated the serum concentration of nine steroids (cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, 21-deoxycortisol, deoxycorticosterone, progesterone, 17α-OH-progesterone and aldosterone) in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). Serum was mixed with stable isotope internal standards and thereafter purified by the automated column-switching system. The limit of detection ranged 2–16 pg/ml for nine steroids. In the baseline samples, five steroids (cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, and 17α-OH-progesterone) were detected in all dogs. The concentrations of cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, and 17α-OH-progesterone in dogs with HAC (n=19) were significantly higher those in dogs without HAC (n=15, P&lt;0.02). After the adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test, six steroids (cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, 17α-OH-progesterone, and deoxycorticosterone) were above the limit of quantification in all dogs. Cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone, and deoxycorticosterone concentrations of dogs with HAC were significantly higher than those of dogs without HAC (P&lt;0.02). In addition, 11-deoxycortisol and 17α-OH-progesterone concentration was higher in dogs with HAC than in dogs without HAC (P=0.044 and P=0.048, respectively). The on-line column-switching LC/MS/MS would be feasible for measuring multiple steroids in dog serum. The results suggest that cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, and 17α-OH-progesterone would be related to HAC. Further studies are warranted to assess the clinical feasibility of steroid profile in dogs with HAC.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0916-7250</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1347-7439</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0406</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34544959</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Tokyo: JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE</publisher><subject>Adrenocorticotropic hormone ; Aldosterone ; Chromatography ; column-switching ; Corticosterone ; Cortisol ; dog ; Hormones ; hyperadrenocorticism ; Internal Medicine ; Liquid chromatography ; liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Progesterone ; Scientific imaging ; Steroid hormones ; steroid profile ; Steroids</subject><ispartof>Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 2021, Vol.83(11), pp.1634-1642</ispartof><rights>2021 by the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science</rights><rights>2021. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c583t-fa71573dc5b9696821fb7bfd4af26423aab7ae1d23d32b4e0ab5d9028d2b473f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c583t-fa71573dc5b9696821fb7bfd4af26423aab7ae1d23d32b4e0ab5d9028d2b473f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8636878/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8636878/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,1883,4024,27923,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>SASAKI, Noboru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>OO, Thandar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>YASUDA, Yoshikazu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ICHISE, Takahiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>NAGATA, Noriyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>YOKOYAMA, Nozomu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SASAOKA, Kazuyoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MORISHITA, Keitaro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>NAKAYAMA, Shouta MM</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ISHIZUKA, Mayumi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>NAKAMURA, Kensuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>TAKIGUCHI, Mitsuyoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>IKENAKA, Yoshinori</creatorcontrib><title>Simultaneous steroids measurement in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism using a column-switching liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method</title><title>Journal of Veterinary Medical Science</title><addtitle>J. Vet. Med. Sci.</addtitle><description>We developed an analytical method using an on-line column-switching liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) for quantifying multiple steroids in serum. Using the developed method, we evaluated the serum concentration of nine steroids (cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, 21-deoxycortisol, deoxycorticosterone, progesterone, 17α-OH-progesterone and aldosterone) in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). Serum was mixed with stable isotope internal standards and thereafter purified by the automated column-switching system. The limit of detection ranged 2–16 pg/ml for nine steroids. In the baseline samples, five steroids (cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, and 17α-OH-progesterone) were detected in all dogs. The concentrations of cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, and 17α-OH-progesterone in dogs with HAC (n=19) were significantly higher those in dogs without HAC (n=15, P&lt;0.02). After the adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test, six steroids (cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, 17α-OH-progesterone, and deoxycorticosterone) were above the limit of quantification in all dogs. Cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone, and deoxycorticosterone concentrations of dogs with HAC were significantly higher than those of dogs without HAC (P&lt;0.02). In addition, 11-deoxycortisol and 17α-OH-progesterone concentration was higher in dogs with HAC than in dogs without HAC (P=0.044 and P=0.048, respectively). The on-line column-switching LC/MS/MS would be feasible for measuring multiple steroids in dog serum. The results suggest that cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, and 17α-OH-progesterone would be related to HAC. Further studies are warranted to assess the clinical feasibility of steroid profile in dogs with HAC.</description><subject>Adrenocorticotropic hormone</subject><subject>Aldosterone</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>column-switching</subject><subject>Corticosterone</subject><subject>Cortisol</subject><subject>dog</subject><subject>Hormones</subject><subject>hyperadrenocorticism</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Liquid chromatography</subject><subject>liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Mass spectroscopy</subject><subject>Progesterone</subject><subject>Scientific imaging</subject><subject>Steroid hormones</subject><subject>steroid profile</subject><subject>Steroids</subject><issn>0916-7250</issn><issn>1347-7439</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpdkc2u1SAUhRuj8R6vznwAEicO7JXfUiYm5sS_5CYO1DGhQFtOSukFes15DZ9Ymp6cRCcQ9vrYi82qqtcI3iEs8PvTo093GNWQwuZJdUCE8ppTIp5WByhQU3PM4E31IqUThBjRRjyvbghllAomDtWfH86vU1azDWsCKdsYnEnAW5XWaL2dM3AzMGFI4LfLIxjPi43KRDsHHWJ22iUP1uTmASigw7T6uU6F1ONWmtzD6gzQYwxe5TBEtYznurgZ64FXqTguVuei2hzPxTWPwbysnvVqSvbVZb-tfn3-9PP4tb7__uXb8eN9rVlLct0rjhgnRrNONKJpMeo73vWGqh43FBOlOq4sMpgYgjtqoeqYERC3ppw46clt9WHvu6ydt0aXWaOa5BKdV_Esg3LyX2V2oxzCo2wb0rS8LQ3eXhrE8LDalKV3Sdtp2n9TYsYZ5JDgDX3zH3oKa5zLeIUSiJIGsqZQ73ZKx5BStP31MQjKLWy5hS0xklvYBT_u-CllNdgrrLZcJrvDLZEIbevl1lXVo4rSzuQv9T66oA</recordid><startdate>2021</startdate><enddate>2021</enddate><creator>SASAKI, Noboru</creator><creator>OO, Thandar</creator><creator>YASUDA, Yoshikazu</creator><creator>ICHISE, Takahiro</creator><creator>NAGATA, Noriyuki</creator><creator>YOKOYAMA, Nozomu</creator><creator>SASAOKA, Kazuyoshi</creator><creator>MORISHITA, Keitaro</creator><creator>NAKAYAMA, Shouta MM</creator><creator>ISHIZUKA, Mayumi</creator><creator>NAKAMURA, Kensuke</creator><creator>TAKIGUCHI, Mitsuyoshi</creator><creator>IKENAKA, Yoshinori</creator><general>JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE</general><general>Japan Science and Technology Agency</general><general>The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>2021</creationdate><title>Simultaneous steroids measurement in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism using a column-switching liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method</title><author>SASAKI, Noboru ; OO, Thandar ; YASUDA, Yoshikazu ; ICHISE, Takahiro ; NAGATA, Noriyuki ; YOKOYAMA, Nozomu ; SASAOKA, Kazuyoshi ; MORISHITA, Keitaro ; NAKAYAMA, Shouta MM ; ISHIZUKA, Mayumi ; NAKAMURA, Kensuke ; TAKIGUCHI, Mitsuyoshi ; IKENAKA, Yoshinori</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c583t-fa71573dc5b9696821fb7bfd4af26423aab7ae1d23d32b4e0ab5d9028d2b473f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adrenocorticotropic hormone</topic><topic>Aldosterone</topic><topic>Chromatography</topic><topic>column-switching</topic><topic>Corticosterone</topic><topic>Cortisol</topic><topic>dog</topic><topic>Hormones</topic><topic>hyperadrenocorticism</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Liquid chromatography</topic><topic>liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)</topic><topic>Mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Mass spectroscopy</topic><topic>Progesterone</topic><topic>Scientific imaging</topic><topic>Steroid hormones</topic><topic>steroid profile</topic><topic>Steroids</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>SASAKI, Noboru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>OO, Thandar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>YASUDA, Yoshikazu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ICHISE, Takahiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>NAGATA, Noriyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>YOKOYAMA, Nozomu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SASAOKA, Kazuyoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MORISHITA, Keitaro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>NAKAYAMA, Shouta MM</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ISHIZUKA, Mayumi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>NAKAMURA, Kensuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>TAKIGUCHI, Mitsuyoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>IKENAKA, Yoshinori</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of Veterinary Medical Science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>SASAKI, Noboru</au><au>OO, Thandar</au><au>YASUDA, Yoshikazu</au><au>ICHISE, Takahiro</au><au>NAGATA, Noriyuki</au><au>YOKOYAMA, Nozomu</au><au>SASAOKA, Kazuyoshi</au><au>MORISHITA, Keitaro</au><au>NAKAYAMA, Shouta MM</au><au>ISHIZUKA, Mayumi</au><au>NAKAMURA, Kensuke</au><au>TAKIGUCHI, Mitsuyoshi</au><au>IKENAKA, Yoshinori</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Simultaneous steroids measurement in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism using a column-switching liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method</atitle><jtitle>Journal of Veterinary Medical Science</jtitle><addtitle>J. Vet. Med. Sci.</addtitle><date>2021</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>83</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>1634</spage><epage>1642</epage><pages>1634-1642</pages><artnum>21-0406</artnum><issn>0916-7250</issn><eissn>1347-7439</eissn><abstract>We developed an analytical method using an on-line column-switching liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) for quantifying multiple steroids in serum. Using the developed method, we evaluated the serum concentration of nine steroids (cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, 21-deoxycortisol, deoxycorticosterone, progesterone, 17α-OH-progesterone and aldosterone) in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC). Serum was mixed with stable isotope internal standards and thereafter purified by the automated column-switching system. The limit of detection ranged 2–16 pg/ml for nine steroids. In the baseline samples, five steroids (cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, and 17α-OH-progesterone) were detected in all dogs. The concentrations of cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, and 17α-OH-progesterone in dogs with HAC (n=19) were significantly higher those in dogs without HAC (n=15, P&lt;0.02). After the adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test, six steroids (cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, 17α-OH-progesterone, and deoxycorticosterone) were above the limit of quantification in all dogs. Cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone, and deoxycorticosterone concentrations of dogs with HAC were significantly higher than those of dogs without HAC (P&lt;0.02). In addition, 11-deoxycortisol and 17α-OH-progesterone concentration was higher in dogs with HAC than in dogs without HAC (P=0.044 and P=0.048, respectively). The on-line column-switching LC/MS/MS would be feasible for measuring multiple steroids in dog serum. The results suggest that cortisone, 11-deoxycortisol, and 17α-OH-progesterone would be related to HAC. Further studies are warranted to assess the clinical feasibility of steroid profile in dogs with HAC.</abstract><cop>Tokyo</cop><pub>JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE</pub><pmid>34544959</pmid><doi>10.1292/jvms.21-0406</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0916-7250
ispartof Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 2021, Vol.83(11), pp.1634-1642
issn 0916-7250
1347-7439
language eng
recordid cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8636878
source J-STAGE Free; PubMed Central Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central
subjects Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Aldosterone
Chromatography
column-switching
Corticosterone
Cortisol
dog
Hormones
hyperadrenocorticism
Internal Medicine
Liquid chromatography
liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Progesterone
Scientific imaging
Steroid hormones
steroid profile
Steroids
title Simultaneous steroids measurement in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism using a column-switching liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-22T14%3A02%3A18IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Simultaneous%20steroids%20measurement%20in%20dogs%20with%20hyperadrenocorticism%20using%20a%20column-switching%20liquid%20chromatography-tandem%20mass%20spectrometry%20method&rft.jtitle=Journal%20of%20Veterinary%20Medical%20Science&rft.au=SASAKI,%20Noboru&rft.date=2021&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1634&rft.epage=1642&rft.pages=1634-1642&rft.artnum=21-0406&rft.issn=0916-7250&rft.eissn=1347-7439&rft_id=info:doi/10.1292/jvms.21-0406&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E2575070328%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2591436056&rft_id=info:pmid/34544959&rfr_iscdi=true