Comparing performance on the Months of the Year Backwards test in hospitalised patients with delirium, dementia, and no cognitive impairment: an exploratory study
Key summary points Aim To investigate performance of the Months of the Year Backwards (MOTYB) test in older hospitalised patients with delirium, dementia, and no cognitive impairment. Findings Half of the patients with delirium (46%) could not engage with MOTYB compared to only 11% of patients with...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | European geriatric medicine 2021-12, Vol.12 (6), p.1257-1265 |
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| creator | Hasemann, Wolfgang Duncan, Nikki Clarke, Caoimhe Nouzova, Eva Süßenbach, Lisa-Marie Keerie, Catriona Assi, Valentina Weir, Christopher J. Evans, Jonathan Walsh, Tim Wilson, Elizabeth Quasim, Tara Middleton, Duncan Weir, Alexander J. Barnett, Jennifer H. Stott, David J. MacLullich, Alasdair M. J. Tieges, Zoë |
| description | Key summary points
Aim
To investigate performance of the Months of the Year Backwards (MOTYB) test in older hospitalised patients with delirium, dementia, and no cognitive impairment.
Findings
Half of the patients with delirium (46%) could not engage with MOTYB compared to only 11% of patients with dementia without delirium. In patients able to give responses, those with delirium or dementia performed significantly worse than those without cognitive impairment.
Message
Our findings show the potential value of analysing response patterns, especially initial engagement, self-correction, and ability to continue to do the task in addition to considering exclusively the capacity to correctly recite the months until July, June or January.
Purpose
To investigate performance of the Months of the Year Backwards (MOTYB) test in older hospitalised patients with delirium, dementia, and no cognitive impairment.
Methods
Secondary analysis of data from a case–control study of 149 hospitalised patients aged ≥ 65 years with delirium [with or without dementia (
N
= 50)], dementia [without delirium (
N
= 46)], and no cognitive impairment (
N
= 53). Verbatim transcripts of MOTYB audio recordings were analysed to determine group differences in response patterns.
Results
In the total sample [median age 85y (IQR 80–88), 82% female], patients with delirium were more often unable to recite months backward to November (36/50 = 72%) than patients with dementia (21/46 = 46%;
p
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s41999-021-00521-4 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8626373</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2544163456</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c446t-8eb74466245b02858a9eecdb9a75f88281f19be594078134fa8b09ab945430e53</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9UU1v1DAUjBCIVqV_gAPykUMDdmI7NgckuuJLKuICB07WS_KycUnsYDst-3f4pXi7ZQUXfLDHfvPGozdF8ZTRF4zS5mXkTGtd0oqVlIq88wfFKVONKhspmodHzPVJcR7jNc2rrrRu-OPipOZMSCnkafFr4-cFgnVbsmAYfJjBdUi8I2lE8sm7NEbih7vbN4RALqH7fguhjyRhTMQ6Mvq42ASTjdiTBZJFlyK5tWkkPU422HW-yGjOzxYuCLieOE86v3U22RskNhuwYV9-lYsEfy6TD5B82JGY1n73pHg0wBTx_P48K76-e_tl86G8-vz-4-bNVdlxLlOpsG0ykBUXLa2UUKARu77V0IhBqUqxgekWhea0UazmA6iWamg1F7ymKOqz4vVBd1nbGfsuGwowmSXYGcLOeLDm34qzo9n6G6NkJeumzgLP7wWC_7Hm6ZjZxg6nCRz6NZpKcM5kzYXM1OpA7YKPMeBw_IZRs8_XHPI1OV9zl6_huenZ3waPLX_SzIT6QIjLPlEM5tqvweWh_U_2N54CtOo</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2544163456</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Comparing performance on the Months of the Year Backwards test in hospitalised patients with delirium, dementia, and no cognitive impairment: an exploratory study</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><creator>Hasemann, Wolfgang ; Duncan, Nikki ; Clarke, Caoimhe ; Nouzova, Eva ; Süßenbach, Lisa-Marie ; Keerie, Catriona ; Assi, Valentina ; Weir, Christopher J. ; Evans, Jonathan ; Walsh, Tim ; Wilson, Elizabeth ; Quasim, Tara ; Middleton, Duncan ; Weir, Alexander J. ; Barnett, Jennifer H. ; Stott, David J. ; MacLullich, Alasdair M. J. ; Tieges, Zoë</creator><creatorcontrib>Hasemann, Wolfgang ; Duncan, Nikki ; Clarke, Caoimhe ; Nouzova, Eva ; Süßenbach, Lisa-Marie ; Keerie, Catriona ; Assi, Valentina ; Weir, Christopher J. ; Evans, Jonathan ; Walsh, Tim ; Wilson, Elizabeth ; Quasim, Tara ; Middleton, Duncan ; Weir, Alexander J. ; Barnett, Jennifer H. ; Stott, David J. ; MacLullich, Alasdair M. J. ; Tieges, Zoë</creatorcontrib><description><![CDATA[Key summary points
Aim
To investigate performance of the Months of the Year Backwards (MOTYB) test in older hospitalised patients with delirium, dementia, and no cognitive impairment.
Findings
Half of the patients with delirium (46%) could not engage with MOTYB compared to only 11% of patients with dementia without delirium. In patients able to give responses, those with delirium or dementia performed significantly worse than those without cognitive impairment.
Message
Our findings show the potential value of analysing response patterns, especially initial engagement, self-correction, and ability to continue to do the task in addition to considering exclusively the capacity to correctly recite the months until July, June or January.
Purpose
To investigate performance of the Months of the Year Backwards (MOTYB) test in older hospitalised patients with delirium, dementia, and no cognitive impairment.
Methods
Secondary analysis of data from a case–control study of 149 hospitalised patients aged ≥ 65 years with delirium [with or without dementia (
N
= 50)], dementia [without delirium (
N
= 46)], and no cognitive impairment (
N
= 53). Verbatim transcripts of MOTYB audio recordings were analysed to determine group differences in response patterns.
Results
In the total sample [median age 85y (IQR 80–88), 82% female], patients with delirium were more often unable to recite months backward to November (36/50 = 72%) than patients with dementia (21/46 = 46%;
p
< 0.01) and both differed significantly from patients without cognitive impairment (2/53 = 4%;
p
’s < 0.001). 121/149 (81%) of patients were able to engage with the test. Patients with delirium were more often unable to engage with MOTYB (23/50 = 46%; e.g., due to reduced arousal) than patients with dementia (5/46 = 11%;
p
< 0.001); both groups differed significantly (
p
’s < 0.001) from patients without cognitive impairment (0/53 = 0%). There was no statistically significant difference between patients with delirium (2/27 = 7%) and patients with dementia (8/41 = 20%) in completing MOTYB to January, but performance in both groups differed (
p
< 0.001 and
p
< 0.02, respectively) from patients without cognitive impairment (35/53 = 66%).
Conclusion
Delirium was associated with inability to engage with MOTYB and low rates of completion. In patients able to engage with the test, error-free completion rates were low in delirium and dementia. Recording of engagement and patterns of errors may add useful information to MOTYB scoring.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 1878-7649</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1878-7657</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1878-7657</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s41999-021-00521-4</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34156656</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arousal ; Case-Control Studies ; Cognitive Dysfunction - diagnosis ; Cognitive Dysfunction - epidemiology ; Delirium - diagnosis ; Delirium - epidemiology ; Dementia - diagnosis ; Dementia - epidemiology ; Dementia - psychology ; Female ; Geriatrics/Gerontology ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Research Paper</subject><ispartof>European geriatric medicine, 2021-12, Vol.12 (6), p.1257-1265</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2021</rights><rights>2021. The Author(s).</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c446t-8eb74466245b02858a9eecdb9a75f88281f19be594078134fa8b09ab945430e53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c446t-8eb74466245b02858a9eecdb9a75f88281f19be594078134fa8b09ab945430e53</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2417-3785</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41999-021-00521-4$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s41999-021-00521-4$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34156656$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hasemann, Wolfgang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duncan, Nikki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clarke, Caoimhe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nouzova, Eva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Süßenbach, Lisa-Marie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keerie, Catriona</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Assi, Valentina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weir, Christopher J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Evans, Jonathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walsh, Tim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilson, Elizabeth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quasim, Tara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Middleton, Duncan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weir, Alexander J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barnett, Jennifer H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stott, David J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacLullich, Alasdair M. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tieges, Zoë</creatorcontrib><title>Comparing performance on the Months of the Year Backwards test in hospitalised patients with delirium, dementia, and no cognitive impairment: an exploratory study</title><title>European geriatric medicine</title><addtitle>Eur Geriatr Med</addtitle><addtitle>Eur Geriatr Med</addtitle><description><![CDATA[Key summary points
Aim
To investigate performance of the Months of the Year Backwards (MOTYB) test in older hospitalised patients with delirium, dementia, and no cognitive impairment.
Findings
Half of the patients with delirium (46%) could not engage with MOTYB compared to only 11% of patients with dementia without delirium. In patients able to give responses, those with delirium or dementia performed significantly worse than those without cognitive impairment.
Message
Our findings show the potential value of analysing response patterns, especially initial engagement, self-correction, and ability to continue to do the task in addition to considering exclusively the capacity to correctly recite the months until July, June or January.
Purpose
To investigate performance of the Months of the Year Backwards (MOTYB) test in older hospitalised patients with delirium, dementia, and no cognitive impairment.
Methods
Secondary analysis of data from a case–control study of 149 hospitalised patients aged ≥ 65 years with delirium [with or without dementia (
N
= 50)], dementia [without delirium (
N
= 46)], and no cognitive impairment (
N
= 53). Verbatim transcripts of MOTYB audio recordings were analysed to determine group differences in response patterns.
Results
In the total sample [median age 85y (IQR 80–88), 82% female], patients with delirium were more often unable to recite months backward to November (36/50 = 72%) than patients with dementia (21/46 = 46%;
p
< 0.01) and both differed significantly from patients without cognitive impairment (2/53 = 4%;
p
’s < 0.001). 121/149 (81%) of patients were able to engage with the test. Patients with delirium were more often unable to engage with MOTYB (23/50 = 46%; e.g., due to reduced arousal) than patients with dementia (5/46 = 11%;
p
< 0.001); both groups differed significantly (
p
’s < 0.001) from patients without cognitive impairment (0/53 = 0%). There was no statistically significant difference between patients with delirium (2/27 = 7%) and patients with dementia (8/41 = 20%) in completing MOTYB to January, but performance in both groups differed (
p
< 0.001 and
p
< 0.02, respectively) from patients without cognitive impairment (35/53 = 66%).
Conclusion
Delirium was associated with inability to engage with MOTYB and low rates of completion. In patients able to engage with the test, error-free completion rates were low in delirium and dementia. Recording of engagement and patterns of errors may add useful information to MOTYB scoring.]]></description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Arousal</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Cognitive Dysfunction - diagnosis</subject><subject>Cognitive Dysfunction - epidemiology</subject><subject>Delirium - diagnosis</subject><subject>Delirium - epidemiology</subject><subject>Dementia - diagnosis</subject><subject>Dementia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Dementia - psychology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Geriatrics/Gerontology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Research Paper</subject><issn>1878-7649</issn><issn>1878-7657</issn><issn>1878-7657</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9UU1v1DAUjBCIVqV_gAPykUMDdmI7NgckuuJLKuICB07WS_KycUnsYDst-3f4pXi7ZQUXfLDHfvPGozdF8ZTRF4zS5mXkTGtd0oqVlIq88wfFKVONKhspmodHzPVJcR7jNc2rrrRu-OPipOZMSCnkafFr4-cFgnVbsmAYfJjBdUi8I2lE8sm7NEbih7vbN4RALqH7fguhjyRhTMQ6Mvq42ASTjdiTBZJFlyK5tWkkPU422HW-yGjOzxYuCLieOE86v3U22RskNhuwYV9-lYsEfy6TD5B82JGY1n73pHg0wBTx_P48K76-e_tl86G8-vz-4-bNVdlxLlOpsG0ykBUXLa2UUKARu77V0IhBqUqxgekWhea0UazmA6iWamg1F7ymKOqz4vVBd1nbGfsuGwowmSXYGcLOeLDm34qzo9n6G6NkJeumzgLP7wWC_7Hm6ZjZxg6nCRz6NZpKcM5kzYXM1OpA7YKPMeBw_IZRs8_XHPI1OV9zl6_huenZ3waPLX_SzIT6QIjLPlEM5tqvweWh_U_2N54CtOo</recordid><startdate>20211201</startdate><enddate>20211201</enddate><creator>Hasemann, Wolfgang</creator><creator>Duncan, Nikki</creator><creator>Clarke, Caoimhe</creator><creator>Nouzova, Eva</creator><creator>Süßenbach, Lisa-Marie</creator><creator>Keerie, Catriona</creator><creator>Assi, Valentina</creator><creator>Weir, Christopher J.</creator><creator>Evans, Jonathan</creator><creator>Walsh, Tim</creator><creator>Wilson, Elizabeth</creator><creator>Quasim, Tara</creator><creator>Middleton, Duncan</creator><creator>Weir, Alexander J.</creator><creator>Barnett, Jennifer H.</creator><creator>Stott, David J.</creator><creator>MacLullich, Alasdair M. J.</creator><creator>Tieges, Zoë</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2417-3785</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211201</creationdate><title>Comparing performance on the Months of the Year Backwards test in hospitalised patients with delirium, dementia, and no cognitive impairment: an exploratory study</title><author>Hasemann, Wolfgang ; Duncan, Nikki ; Clarke, Caoimhe ; Nouzova, Eva ; Süßenbach, Lisa-Marie ; Keerie, Catriona ; Assi, Valentina ; Weir, Christopher J. ; Evans, Jonathan ; Walsh, Tim ; Wilson, Elizabeth ; Quasim, Tara ; Middleton, Duncan ; Weir, Alexander J. ; Barnett, Jennifer H. ; Stott, David J. ; MacLullich, Alasdair M. J. ; Tieges, Zoë</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c446t-8eb74466245b02858a9eecdb9a75f88281f19be594078134fa8b09ab945430e53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Arousal</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Cognitive Dysfunction - diagnosis</topic><topic>Cognitive Dysfunction - epidemiology</topic><topic>Delirium - diagnosis</topic><topic>Delirium - epidemiology</topic><topic>Dementia - diagnosis</topic><topic>Dementia - epidemiology</topic><topic>Dementia - psychology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Geriatrics/Gerontology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Research Paper</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hasemann, Wolfgang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duncan, Nikki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clarke, Caoimhe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nouzova, Eva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Süßenbach, Lisa-Marie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keerie, Catriona</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Assi, Valentina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weir, Christopher J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Evans, Jonathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walsh, Tim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wilson, Elizabeth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quasim, Tara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Middleton, Duncan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weir, Alexander J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barnett, Jennifer H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stott, David J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MacLullich, Alasdair M. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tieges, Zoë</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>European geriatric medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hasemann, Wolfgang</au><au>Duncan, Nikki</au><au>Clarke, Caoimhe</au><au>Nouzova, Eva</au><au>Süßenbach, Lisa-Marie</au><au>Keerie, Catriona</au><au>Assi, Valentina</au><au>Weir, Christopher J.</au><au>Evans, Jonathan</au><au>Walsh, Tim</au><au>Wilson, Elizabeth</au><au>Quasim, Tara</au><au>Middleton, Duncan</au><au>Weir, Alexander J.</au><au>Barnett, Jennifer H.</au><au>Stott, David J.</au><au>MacLullich, Alasdair M. J.</au><au>Tieges, Zoë</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Comparing performance on the Months of the Year Backwards test in hospitalised patients with delirium, dementia, and no cognitive impairment: an exploratory study</atitle><jtitle>European geriatric medicine</jtitle><stitle>Eur Geriatr Med</stitle><addtitle>Eur Geriatr Med</addtitle><date>2021-12-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1257</spage><epage>1265</epage><pages>1257-1265</pages><issn>1878-7649</issn><issn>1878-7657</issn><eissn>1878-7657</eissn><abstract><![CDATA[Key summary points
Aim
To investigate performance of the Months of the Year Backwards (MOTYB) test in older hospitalised patients with delirium, dementia, and no cognitive impairment.
Findings
Half of the patients with delirium (46%) could not engage with MOTYB compared to only 11% of patients with dementia without delirium. In patients able to give responses, those with delirium or dementia performed significantly worse than those without cognitive impairment.
Message
Our findings show the potential value of analysing response patterns, especially initial engagement, self-correction, and ability to continue to do the task in addition to considering exclusively the capacity to correctly recite the months until July, June or January.
Purpose
To investigate performance of the Months of the Year Backwards (MOTYB) test in older hospitalised patients with delirium, dementia, and no cognitive impairment.
Methods
Secondary analysis of data from a case–control study of 149 hospitalised patients aged ≥ 65 years with delirium [with or without dementia (
N
= 50)], dementia [without delirium (
N
= 46)], and no cognitive impairment (
N
= 53). Verbatim transcripts of MOTYB audio recordings were analysed to determine group differences in response patterns.
Results
In the total sample [median age 85y (IQR 80–88), 82% female], patients with delirium were more often unable to recite months backward to November (36/50 = 72%) than patients with dementia (21/46 = 46%;
p
< 0.01) and both differed significantly from patients without cognitive impairment (2/53 = 4%;
p
’s < 0.001). 121/149 (81%) of patients were able to engage with the test. Patients with delirium were more often unable to engage with MOTYB (23/50 = 46%; e.g., due to reduced arousal) than patients with dementia (5/46 = 11%;
p
< 0.001); both groups differed significantly (
p
’s < 0.001) from patients without cognitive impairment (0/53 = 0%). There was no statistically significant difference between patients with delirium (2/27 = 7%) and patients with dementia (8/41 = 20%) in completing MOTYB to January, but performance in both groups differed (
p
< 0.001 and
p
< 0.02, respectively) from patients without cognitive impairment (35/53 = 66%).
Conclusion
Delirium was associated with inability to engage with MOTYB and low rates of completion. In patients able to engage with the test, error-free completion rates were low in delirium and dementia. Recording of engagement and patterns of errors may add useful information to MOTYB scoring.]]></abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><pmid>34156656</pmid><doi>10.1007/s41999-021-00521-4</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2417-3785</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1878-7649 |
| ispartof | European geriatric medicine, 2021-12, Vol.12 (6), p.1257-1265 |
| issn | 1878-7649 1878-7657 1878-7657 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8626373 |
| source | MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Aged Aged, 80 and over Arousal Case-Control Studies Cognitive Dysfunction - diagnosis Cognitive Dysfunction - epidemiology Delirium - diagnosis Delirium - epidemiology Dementia - diagnosis Dementia - epidemiology Dementia - psychology Female Geriatrics/Gerontology Humans Internal Medicine Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Research Paper |
| title | Comparing performance on the Months of the Year Backwards test in hospitalised patients with delirium, dementia, and no cognitive impairment: an exploratory study |
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