Evaluation of adverse effects with COVID-19 vaccination in Pakistan
Vaccinations work with different mechanisms to offer protection against disease; however, process of immunity building can cause symptoms. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the immediate side effects of COVID-19 vaccination in the Pakistani Population. This cross-sectional analytical study wa...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Pakistan journal of medical sciences 2021-12, Vol.37 (7), p.1959-1964 |
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| container_end_page | 1964 |
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| container_issue | 7 |
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| container_title | Pakistan journal of medical sciences |
| container_volume | 37 |
| creator | Abbas, Sana Abbas, Beenish Amir, Sidra Wajahat, Mehreen |
| description | Vaccinations work with different mechanisms to offer protection against disease; however, process of immunity building can cause symptoms. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the immediate side effects of COVID-19 vaccination in the Pakistani Population.
This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Foundation University College of Dentistry, Islamabad from February to April 2021. 0.5 mL per dose of the Covid-19 vaccine was administered to the candidates. These 205 candidates receiving vaccination were then interviewed investigating the adverse effects of the vaccine. Post-vaccination side effects were compared among categorical groups using the Chi-Square test, whereas post-vaccination side effects were compared with age using independent samples T-test. A p-value of ≤0.05 was statistically significant.
Among post-vaccination side effects, fever was reported by 69 participants, while 56 of 205 reported soreness, redness, and swelling at the injection site. It was reported by 42/205 participants to have felt chills and rigor, whereas gastrointestinal disturbance and flu-like symptoms were reported in 55/205 and 28/205 participants, respectively. Younger participants were more likely to develop gastrointestinal disturbance and flu-like symptoms following vaccination as compared to older participants.
Malaise, headache, and fever were observed to be the most common side effects of the vaccine, moreover there was a linear relationship between manifestations of adverse effects and history of comorbidities. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.12669/pjms.37.7.4522 |
| format | Article |
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This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Foundation University College of Dentistry, Islamabad from February to April 2021. 0.5 mL per dose of the Covid-19 vaccine was administered to the candidates. These 205 candidates receiving vaccination were then interviewed investigating the adverse effects of the vaccine. Post-vaccination side effects were compared among categorical groups using the Chi-Square test, whereas post-vaccination side effects were compared with age using independent samples T-test. A p-value of ≤0.05 was statistically significant.
Among post-vaccination side effects, fever was reported by 69 participants, while 56 of 205 reported soreness, redness, and swelling at the injection site. It was reported by 42/205 participants to have felt chills and rigor, whereas gastrointestinal disturbance and flu-like symptoms were reported in 55/205 and 28/205 participants, respectively. Younger participants were more likely to develop gastrointestinal disturbance and flu-like symptoms following vaccination as compared to older participants.
Malaise, headache, and fever were observed to be the most common side effects of the vaccine, moreover there was a linear relationship between manifestations of adverse effects and history of comorbidities.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1682-024X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1681-715X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.12669/pjms.37.7.4522</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34912426</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Pakistan: Knowledge Bylanes</publisher><subject>Age ; Analysis ; Asthma ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 vaccines ; Diabetes ; Females ; Fever ; Gender ; Genetic engineering ; Genetically modified organisms ; Headaches ; Hypertension ; Infections ; Males ; Migraine ; Original ; Patient admissions ; Pharmaceutical industry ; Public health ; Questionnaires ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Vaccination ; Viral infections</subject><ispartof>Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 2021-12, Vol.37 (7), p.1959-1964</ispartof><rights>Copyright: © Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Knowledge Bylanes</rights><rights>(c)2021 Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences</rights><rights>Copyright: © Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c478t-e9e54ff8e1201889dc12341e9c73742a4691f29ade799d1e3e41494dd07762183</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8613027/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8613027/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,724,777,781,861,882,27905,27906,53772,53774</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34912426$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Abbas, Sana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abbas, Beenish</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amir, Sidra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wajahat, Mehreen</creatorcontrib><title>Evaluation of adverse effects with COVID-19 vaccination in Pakistan</title><title>Pakistan journal of medical sciences</title><addtitle>Pak J Med Sci</addtitle><description>Vaccinations work with different mechanisms to offer protection against disease; however, process of immunity building can cause symptoms. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the immediate side effects of COVID-19 vaccination in the Pakistani Population.
This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Foundation University College of Dentistry, Islamabad from February to April 2021. 0.5 mL per dose of the Covid-19 vaccine was administered to the candidates. These 205 candidates receiving vaccination were then interviewed investigating the adverse effects of the vaccine. Post-vaccination side effects were compared among categorical groups using the Chi-Square test, whereas post-vaccination side effects were compared with age using independent samples T-test. A p-value of ≤0.05 was statistically significant.
Among post-vaccination side effects, fever was reported by 69 participants, while 56 of 205 reported soreness, redness, and swelling at the injection site. It was reported by 42/205 participants to have felt chills and rigor, whereas gastrointestinal disturbance and flu-like symptoms were reported in 55/205 and 28/205 participants, respectively. Younger participants were more likely to develop gastrointestinal disturbance and flu-like symptoms following vaccination as compared to older participants.
Malaise, headache, and fever were observed to be the most common side effects of the vaccine, moreover there was a linear relationship between manifestations of adverse effects and history of comorbidities.</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Asthma</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19 vaccines</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>Fever</subject><subject>Gender</subject><subject>Genetic engineering</subject><subject>Genetically modified organisms</subject><subject>Headaches</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Migraine</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Patient admissions</subject><subject>Pharmaceutical industry</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Vaccination</subject><subject>Viral infections</subject><issn>1682-024X</issn><issn>1681-715X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNptks9vFCEcxSdGY3_o2ZuZxMT0MlO-wMJwMWnWqk2a1IOa3ggyX7qsM7AdZrbpfy_brW23MRwg8HkPeHlF8Q5IDVQIdbxa9qlmspY1n1H6otgH0UAlYXb58m5NK0L55V5xkNKSEC4y9brYY1wB5VTsF_PTtekmM_oYyuhK065xSFiic2jHVN74cVHOL36dfa5AlWtjrQ9b2Ifyu_nj02jCm-KVM13Ct_fzYfHzy-mP-bfq_OLr2fzkvLJcNmOFCmfcuQaBEmga1VqgjAMqK5nk1HChwFFlWpRKtYAMOXDF25ZIKSg07LD4tPVdTb97bC2GcTCdXg2-N8Otjsbr3ZPgF_oqrnUjgBEqs8HRvcEQrydMo-59sth1JmCckqYCSA4GFM3oh2foMk5DyN_LlBT5-ZzBI3VlOtQ-uJjvtRtTfSIaCYQq4Jmq_0Pl0WLvbQzofN7fEXx8Ilig6cZFit20CT7tgsdb0A4xpQHdQxhA9F1B9KYgmkkt9aYgWfH-aYYP_L9GsL9QhLN6</recordid><startdate>20211231</startdate><enddate>20211231</enddate><creator>Abbas, Sana</creator><creator>Abbas, Beenish</creator><creator>Amir, Sidra</creator><creator>Wajahat, Mehreen</creator><general>Knowledge Bylanes</general><general>AsiaNet Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd</general><general>Professional Medical Publications</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20211231</creationdate><title>Evaluation of adverse effects with COVID-19 vaccination in Pakistan</title><author>Abbas, Sana ; Abbas, Beenish ; Amir, Sidra ; Wajahat, Mehreen</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c478t-e9e54ff8e1201889dc12341e9c73742a4691f29ade799d1e3e41494dd07762183</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Age</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Asthma</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19 vaccines</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Females</topic><topic>Fever</topic><topic>Gender</topic><topic>Genetic engineering</topic><topic>Genetically modified organisms</topic><topic>Headaches</topic><topic>Hypertension</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Males</topic><topic>Migraine</topic><topic>Original</topic><topic>Patient admissions</topic><topic>Pharmaceutical industry</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</topic><topic>Vaccination</topic><topic>Viral infections</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Abbas, Sana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abbas, Beenish</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amir, Sidra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wajahat, Mehreen</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Pakistan journal of medical sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Abbas, Sana</au><au>Abbas, Beenish</au><au>Amir, Sidra</au><au>Wajahat, Mehreen</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evaluation of adverse effects with COVID-19 vaccination in Pakistan</atitle><jtitle>Pakistan journal of medical sciences</jtitle><addtitle>Pak J Med Sci</addtitle><date>2021-12-31</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>37</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>1959</spage><epage>1964</epage><pages>1959-1964</pages><issn>1682-024X</issn><eissn>1681-715X</eissn><abstract>Vaccinations work with different mechanisms to offer protection against disease; however, process of immunity building can cause symptoms. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the immediate side effects of COVID-19 vaccination in the Pakistani Population.
This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Foundation University College of Dentistry, Islamabad from February to April 2021. 0.5 mL per dose of the Covid-19 vaccine was administered to the candidates. These 205 candidates receiving vaccination were then interviewed investigating the adverse effects of the vaccine. Post-vaccination side effects were compared among categorical groups using the Chi-Square test, whereas post-vaccination side effects were compared with age using independent samples T-test. A p-value of ≤0.05 was statistically significant.
Among post-vaccination side effects, fever was reported by 69 participants, while 56 of 205 reported soreness, redness, and swelling at the injection site. It was reported by 42/205 participants to have felt chills and rigor, whereas gastrointestinal disturbance and flu-like symptoms were reported in 55/205 and 28/205 participants, respectively. Younger participants were more likely to develop gastrointestinal disturbance and flu-like symptoms following vaccination as compared to older participants.
Malaise, headache, and fever were observed to be the most common side effects of the vaccine, moreover there was a linear relationship between manifestations of adverse effects and history of comorbidities.</abstract><cop>Pakistan</cop><pub>Knowledge Bylanes</pub><pmid>34912426</pmid><doi>10.12669/pjms.37.7.4522</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Age Analysis Asthma Coronaviruses COVID-19 vaccines Diabetes Females Fever Gender Genetic engineering Genetically modified organisms Headaches Hypertension Infections Males Migraine Original Patient admissions Pharmaceutical industry Public health Questionnaires Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Vaccination Viral infections |
| title | Evaluation of adverse effects with COVID-19 vaccination in Pakistan |
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