Central nervous system as a target of novel coronavirus infections: Potential routes of entry and pathogenic mechanisms
Since the COVID-19 pandemic started in December 2019, there have been several reports of patients succumbing to neurological complications. Early reports were suggestive of a possibility, while by early 2020 it was clearly evident that although SARS-CoV-2 primarily attacks the respiratory system, th...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of biosciences 2021-12, Vol.46 (4), Article 106 |
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| creator | Sharma, Sapana Jagadeesh, Harsha Saxena, Ambrish Chakravarthy, Harshini Devanathan, Vasudharani |
| description | Since the COVID-19 pandemic started in December 2019, there have been several reports of patients succumbing to neurological complications. Early reports were suggestive of a possibility, while by early 2020 it was clearly evident that although SARS-CoV-2 primarily attacks the respiratory system, the brain is one of the most affected organs post-recovery. Although it may be premature to comment on the long-term effects of COVID-19 in brain, some reliable predictions can be made based on the data currently available. Further, exploring the CNS connections of SARS-CoV-2 is of keen interest for neuroscience researchers. As soon as the virus enters the nasal region, it is exposed to the olfactory nervous system which is interlinked with the visual system, and hence we explore the mechanism of entry of this virus into CNS, including brain, olfactory and retinal nervous systems. In this review, we have thoroughly reviewed reports about both SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 with respect to their ability to breach the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers. We have compiled different neurological conditions resulting from COVID-19 and looked into viral infections related to COVID-19 to understand how the virus may gain control of the olfactory and visual systems. Once the dust settles on the pandemic, it would be interesting to explore the extent of viral infection in the CNS. The long-term effects of this virus in the CNS are not yet known, and several scientific research papers evolving in this field will throw light on the same. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12038-021-00232-9 |
| format | Article |
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Early reports were suggestive of a possibility, while by early 2020 it was clearly evident that although SARS-CoV-2 primarily attacks the respiratory system, the brain is one of the most affected organs post-recovery. Although it may be premature to comment on the long-term effects of COVID-19 in brain, some reliable predictions can be made based on the data currently available. Further, exploring the CNS connections of SARS-CoV-2 is of keen interest for neuroscience researchers. As soon as the virus enters the nasal region, it is exposed to the olfactory nervous system which is interlinked with the visual system, and hence we explore the mechanism of entry of this virus into CNS, including brain, olfactory and retinal nervous systems. In this review, we have thoroughly reviewed reports about both SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 with respect to their ability to breach the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers. We have compiled different neurological conditions resulting from COVID-19 and looked into viral infections related to COVID-19 to understand how the virus may gain control of the olfactory and visual systems. Once the dust settles on the pandemic, it would be interesting to explore the extent of viral infection in the CNS. 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Early reports were suggestive of a possibility, while by early 2020 it was clearly evident that although SARS-CoV-2 primarily attacks the respiratory system, the brain is one of the most affected organs post-recovery. Although it may be premature to comment on the long-term effects of COVID-19 in brain, some reliable predictions can be made based on the data currently available. Further, exploring the CNS connections of SARS-CoV-2 is of keen interest for neuroscience researchers. As soon as the virus enters the nasal region, it is exposed to the olfactory nervous system which is interlinked with the visual system, and hence we explore the mechanism of entry of this virus into CNS, including brain, olfactory and retinal nervous systems. In this review, we have thoroughly reviewed reports about both SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 with respect to their ability to breach the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers. We have compiled different neurological conditions resulting from COVID-19 and looked into viral infections related to COVID-19 to understand how the virus may gain control of the olfactory and visual systems. Once the dust settles on the pandemic, it would be interesting to explore the extent of viral infection in the CNS. The long-term effects of this virus in the CNS are not yet known, and several scientific research papers evolving in this field will throw light on the same.</description><subject>Atmospheric particulates</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Body organs</subject><subject>Brain</subject><subject>Cell Biology</subject><subject>Central nervous system</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19: Disease Biology & Intervention</subject><subject>Dust storms</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Long-term effects</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Nervous system</subject><subject>Neurological complications</subject><subject>Olfaction</subject><subject>Organs</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Plant Sciences</subject><subject>Respiratory system</subject><subject>Retina</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Scientific papers</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Viral diseases</subject><subject>Viral infections</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><subject>Visual 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| ispartof | Journal of biosciences, 2021-12, Vol.46 (4), Article 106 |
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| source | Indian Academy of Sciences; EZB Electronic Journals Library; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Atmospheric particulates Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Blood Body organs Brain Cell Biology Central nervous system Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19: Disease Biology & Intervention Dust storms Life Sciences Long-term effects Microbiology Nervous system Neurological complications Olfaction Organs Pandemics Pathogens Plant Sciences Respiratory system Retina Review Scientific papers Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Viral diseases Viral infections Viruses Visual system Zoology |
| title | Central nervous system as a target of novel coronavirus infections: Potential routes of entry and pathogenic mechanisms |
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