The Effects of Freshwater Clam (Corbicula fluminea) Extract on Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells
Background. The extract of freshwater clams has been used to protect the body against liver diseases in traditional folk medicine. This study aims at investigating the effects of freshwater clam extract on activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs), which are critical contributors to liver fibrosis. M...
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| description | Background. The extract of freshwater clams has been used to protect the body against liver diseases in traditional folk medicine. This study aims at investigating the effects of freshwater clam extract on activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs), which are critical contributors to liver fibrosis. Methods. The aHSCs used in this study were derived from hepatic stellate cells that were isolated and purified from the livers of male Wistar rats and then transformed into the activated phenotype by culturing on uncoated plastic dishes. Freshwater clam extract (CE) was collected after the outflow from the live freshwater clams in a water bath at 100°C for 60 min. The effects of CE on aHSCs were analyzed by MTT assay, flow cytometry, Oil Red O (ORO) staining, western blot, and real-time RT-PCR. Results. The results indicated that CE suppressed the proliferation of aHSCs through G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by downregulating cyclin D1 and upregulating p27. The expression levels of a-SMA, collagen I, TGF-β, and TNF-α were inhibited in the CE-treated aHSCs. In addition, the CE treatment increased the lipid contents in aHSCs by promoting PPARγ expression. Furthermore, CE modulated the expression of ECM-related genes, i.e., by upregulating MMP-9 and downregulating TIMP-II. Conclusions. These data revealed that CE could induce the deactivation of aHSCs. We therefore suggest that CE has potential as an adjuvant therapeutic agent against hepatic fibrosis. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1155/2021/6065168 |
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| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8604581</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2600065998</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-79775166102ea1aa748d64bb2000fd77e5029a78d51d569faae2de03af07693e3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kc1rGzEQxUVJab56y7kIcnFo3UiyVtJeCmFxmkKghybQm5C1o1hhd-VK2qT57yPXrkl66GmG0Y_He3oInVDymdKqOmeE0XNBREWFeoMOqOR0yplSe7td_txHhyndE8JqKeU7tD_jinCq6AHSN0vAc-fA5oSDw5cR0vLRZIi46UyPJ02IC2_HzmDXjb0fwJzh-e8cjc04DPjCZv9Q8BZfwcpkb_GPDF1XLrgpMx2jt850Cd5v5xG6vZzfNFfT6-9fvzUX11PLucpTWYyVAIISBoYaI7lqBV8sGCHEtVJCVbwbqdqKtpWonTHAWiAz44gU9QxmR-jLRnc1LnpoLQzFYqdX0fcmPulgvH79MvilvgsPWgnCK0WLwGQrEMOvEVLWvU92HWWAMCbNBCGKlQ-vCnr6D3ofxjiUeH-oUkVdq0J92lA2hpQiuJ0ZSvS6Ob1uTm-bK_iHlwF28N-qCvBxAyz90JpH_3-5ZyOyn6c</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2600065998</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The Effects of Freshwater Clam (Corbicula fluminea) Extract on Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells</title><source>Wiley Online Library Open Access</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><creator>Lee, Shou-Lun ; Hsu, Wei-Hsiang ; Tu, Chia-Ming ; Wang, Wen-Han ; Yang, Cheng-Yao ; Lee, Hsien-Kuang ; Chin, Ting-Yu</creator><contributor>Weng, Meng-Shih</contributor><creatorcontrib>Lee, Shou-Lun ; Hsu, Wei-Hsiang ; Tu, Chia-Ming ; Wang, Wen-Han ; Yang, Cheng-Yao ; Lee, Hsien-Kuang ; Chin, Ting-Yu ; Weng, Meng-Shih</creatorcontrib><description>Background. The extract of freshwater clams has been used to protect the body against liver diseases in traditional folk medicine. This study aims at investigating the effects of freshwater clam extract on activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs), which are critical contributors to liver fibrosis. Methods. The aHSCs used in this study were derived from hepatic stellate cells that were isolated and purified from the livers of male Wistar rats and then transformed into the activated phenotype by culturing on uncoated plastic dishes. Freshwater clam extract (CE) was collected after the outflow from the live freshwater clams in a water bath at 100°C for 60 min. The effects of CE on aHSCs were analyzed by MTT assay, flow cytometry, Oil Red O (ORO) staining, western blot, and real-time RT-PCR. Results. The results indicated that CE suppressed the proliferation of aHSCs through G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by downregulating cyclin D1 and upregulating p27. The expression levels of a-SMA, collagen I, TGF-β, and TNF-α were inhibited in the CE-treated aHSCs. In addition, the CE treatment increased the lipid contents in aHSCs by promoting PPARγ expression. Furthermore, CE modulated the expression of ECM-related genes, i.e., by upregulating MMP-9 and downregulating TIMP-II. Conclusions. These data revealed that CE could induce the deactivation of aHSCs. We therefore suggest that CE has potential as an adjuvant therapeutic agent against hepatic fibrosis.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1741-427X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1741-4288</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2021/6065168</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34804181</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Hindawi</publisher><subject>Cell culture ; Cell cycle ; Cell growth ; Collagen (type I) ; Cyclin D1 ; Cytokines ; Deactivation ; Extracellular matrix ; Fibrosis ; Flow cytometry ; Gelatinase B ; Liver cirrhosis ; Liver diseases ; Mollusks ; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors ; Phenotypes ; Phenotypic plasticity ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Proteins ; Stellate cells ; Tumor necrosis factor-α</subject><ispartof>Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine, 2021, Vol.2021, p.6065168-10</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2021 Shou-Lun Lee et al.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Shou-Lun Lee et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Shou-Lun Lee et al. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-79775166102ea1aa748d64bb2000fd77e5029a78d51d569faae2de03af07693e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-79775166102ea1aa748d64bb2000fd77e5029a78d51d569faae2de03af07693e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8694-9561 ; 0000-0001-5492-1794 ; 0000-0002-6965-2301</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8604581/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8604581/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,4010,27900,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34804181$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Weng, Meng-Shih</contributor><creatorcontrib>Lee, Shou-Lun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hsu, Wei-Hsiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tu, Chia-Ming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Wen-Han</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Cheng-Yao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Hsien-Kuang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chin, Ting-Yu</creatorcontrib><title>The Effects of Freshwater Clam (Corbicula fluminea) Extract on Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells</title><title>Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine</title><addtitle>Evid Based Complement Alternat Med</addtitle><description>Background. The extract of freshwater clams has been used to protect the body against liver diseases in traditional folk medicine. This study aims at investigating the effects of freshwater clam extract on activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs), which are critical contributors to liver fibrosis. Methods. The aHSCs used in this study were derived from hepatic stellate cells that were isolated and purified from the livers of male Wistar rats and then transformed into the activated phenotype by culturing on uncoated plastic dishes. Freshwater clam extract (CE) was collected after the outflow from the live freshwater clams in a water bath at 100°C for 60 min. The effects of CE on aHSCs were analyzed by MTT assay, flow cytometry, Oil Red O (ORO) staining, western blot, and real-time RT-PCR. Results. The results indicated that CE suppressed the proliferation of aHSCs through G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by downregulating cyclin D1 and upregulating p27. The expression levels of a-SMA, collagen I, TGF-β, and TNF-α were inhibited in the CE-treated aHSCs. In addition, the CE treatment increased the lipid contents in aHSCs by promoting PPARγ expression. Furthermore, CE modulated the expression of ECM-related genes, i.e., by upregulating MMP-9 and downregulating TIMP-II. Conclusions. These data revealed that CE could induce the deactivation of aHSCs. We therefore suggest that CE has potential as an adjuvant therapeutic agent against hepatic fibrosis.</description><subject>Cell culture</subject><subject>Cell cycle</subject><subject>Cell growth</subject><subject>Collagen (type I)</subject><subject>Cyclin D1</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Deactivation</subject><subject>Extracellular matrix</subject><subject>Fibrosis</subject><subject>Flow cytometry</subject><subject>Gelatinase B</subject><subject>Liver cirrhosis</subject><subject>Liver diseases</subject><subject>Mollusks</subject><subject>Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors</subject><subject>Phenotypes</subject><subject>Phenotypic plasticity</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Stellate cells</subject><subject>Tumor necrosis factor-α</subject><issn>1741-427X</issn><issn>1741-4288</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RHX</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc1rGzEQxUVJab56y7kIcnFo3UiyVtJeCmFxmkKghybQm5C1o1hhd-VK2qT57yPXrkl66GmG0Y_He3oInVDymdKqOmeE0XNBREWFeoMOqOR0yplSe7td_txHhyndE8JqKeU7tD_jinCq6AHSN0vAc-fA5oSDw5cR0vLRZIi46UyPJ02IC2_HzmDXjb0fwJzh-e8cjc04DPjCZv9Q8BZfwcpkb_GPDF1XLrgpMx2jt850Cd5v5xG6vZzfNFfT6-9fvzUX11PLucpTWYyVAIISBoYaI7lqBV8sGCHEtVJCVbwbqdqKtpWonTHAWiAz44gU9QxmR-jLRnc1LnpoLQzFYqdX0fcmPulgvH79MvilvgsPWgnCK0WLwGQrEMOvEVLWvU92HWWAMCbNBCGKlQ-vCnr6D3ofxjiUeH-oUkVdq0J92lA2hpQiuJ0ZSvS6Ob1uTm-bK_iHlwF28N-qCvBxAyz90JpH_3-5ZyOyn6c</recordid><startdate>2021</startdate><enddate>2021</enddate><creator>Lee, Shou-Lun</creator><creator>Hsu, Wei-Hsiang</creator><creator>Tu, Chia-Ming</creator><creator>Wang, Wen-Han</creator><creator>Yang, Cheng-Yao</creator><creator>Lee, Hsien-Kuang</creator><creator>Chin, Ting-Yu</creator><general>Hindawi</general><general>Hindawi Limited</general><scope>RHU</scope><scope>RHW</scope><scope>RHX</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8694-9561</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5492-1794</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6965-2301</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>2021</creationdate><title>The Effects of Freshwater Clam (Corbicula fluminea) Extract on Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells</title><author>Lee, Shou-Lun ; Hsu, Wei-Hsiang ; Tu, Chia-Ming ; Wang, Wen-Han ; Yang, Cheng-Yao ; Lee, Hsien-Kuang ; Chin, Ting-Yu</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-79775166102ea1aa748d64bb2000fd77e5029a78d51d569faae2de03af07693e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Cell culture</topic><topic>Cell cycle</topic><topic>Cell growth</topic><topic>Collagen (type I)</topic><topic>Cyclin D1</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Deactivation</topic><topic>Extracellular matrix</topic><topic>Fibrosis</topic><topic>Flow cytometry</topic><topic>Gelatinase B</topic><topic>Liver cirrhosis</topic><topic>Liver diseases</topic><topic>Mollusks</topic><topic>Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors</topic><topic>Phenotypes</topic><topic>Phenotypic plasticity</topic><topic>Polymerase chain reaction</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Stellate cells</topic><topic>Tumor necrosis factor-α</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lee, Shou-Lun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hsu, Wei-Hsiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tu, Chia-Ming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Wen-Han</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Cheng-Yao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Hsien-Kuang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chin, Ting-Yu</creatorcontrib><collection>Hindawi Publishing Complete</collection><collection>Hindawi Publishing Subscription Journals</collection><collection>Hindawi Publishing Open Access</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Psychology</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lee, Shou-Lun</au><au>Hsu, Wei-Hsiang</au><au>Tu, Chia-Ming</au><au>Wang, Wen-Han</au><au>Yang, Cheng-Yao</au><au>Lee, Hsien-Kuang</au><au>Chin, Ting-Yu</au><au>Weng, Meng-Shih</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Effects of Freshwater Clam (Corbicula fluminea) Extract on Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells</atitle><jtitle>Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Evid Based Complement Alternat Med</addtitle><date>2021</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>2021</volume><spage>6065168</spage><epage>10</epage><pages>6065168-10</pages><issn>1741-427X</issn><eissn>1741-4288</eissn><abstract>Background. The extract of freshwater clams has been used to protect the body against liver diseases in traditional folk medicine. This study aims at investigating the effects of freshwater clam extract on activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs), which are critical contributors to liver fibrosis. Methods. The aHSCs used in this study were derived from hepatic stellate cells that were isolated and purified from the livers of male Wistar rats and then transformed into the activated phenotype by culturing on uncoated plastic dishes. Freshwater clam extract (CE) was collected after the outflow from the live freshwater clams in a water bath at 100°C for 60 min. The effects of CE on aHSCs were analyzed by MTT assay, flow cytometry, Oil Red O (ORO) staining, western blot, and real-time RT-PCR. Results. The results indicated that CE suppressed the proliferation of aHSCs through G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by downregulating cyclin D1 and upregulating p27. The expression levels of a-SMA, collagen I, TGF-β, and TNF-α were inhibited in the CE-treated aHSCs. In addition, the CE treatment increased the lipid contents in aHSCs by promoting PPARγ expression. Furthermore, CE modulated the expression of ECM-related genes, i.e., by upregulating MMP-9 and downregulating TIMP-II. Conclusions. These data revealed that CE could induce the deactivation of aHSCs. We therefore suggest that CE has potential as an adjuvant therapeutic agent against hepatic fibrosis.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Hindawi</pub><pmid>34804181</pmid><doi>10.1155/2021/6065168</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8694-9561</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5492-1794</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6965-2301</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Cell culture Cell cycle Cell growth Collagen (type I) Cyclin D1 Cytokines Deactivation Extracellular matrix Fibrosis Flow cytometry Gelatinase B Liver cirrhosis Liver diseases Mollusks Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors Phenotypes Phenotypic plasticity Polymerase chain reaction Proteins Stellate cells Tumor necrosis factor-α |
| title | The Effects of Freshwater Clam (Corbicula fluminea) Extract on Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells |
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