Biosynthesis and Roles of Salicylic Acid in Balancing Stress Response and Growth in Plants
Salicylic acid (SA) is an important plant hormone with a critical role in plant defense against pathogen infection. Despite extensive research over the past 30 year or so, SA biosynthesis and its complex roles in plant defense are still not fully understood. Even though earlier biochemical studies s...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of molecular sciences 2021-10, Vol.22 (21), p.11672 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 21 |
| container_start_page | 11672 |
| container_title | International journal of molecular sciences |
| container_volume | 22 |
| creator | Zhong, Qinling Hu, Hongliang Fan, Baofang Zhu, Cheng Chen, Zhixiang |
| description | Salicylic acid (SA) is an important plant hormone with a critical role in plant defense against pathogen infection. Despite extensive research over the past 30 year or so, SA biosynthesis and its complex roles in plant defense are still not fully understood. Even though earlier biochemical studies suggested that plants synthesize SA from cinnamate produced by phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), genetic analysis has indicated that in Arabidopsis, the bulk of SA is synthesized from isochorismate (IC) produced by IC synthase (ICS). Recent studies have further established the enzymes responsible for the conversion of IC to SA in Arabidopsis. However, it remains unclear whether other plants also rely on the ICS pathway for SA biosynthesis. SA induces defense genes against biotrophic pathogens, but represses genes involved in growth for balancing defense and growth to a great extent through crosstalk with the growth-promoting plant hormone auxin. Important progress has been made recently in understanding how SA attenuates plant growth by regulating the biosynthesis, transport, and signaling of auxin. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the biosynthesis and the broad roles of SA in regulating plant growth during defense responses. Further understanding of SA production and its regulation of both defense and growth will be critical for developing better knowledge to improve the disease resistance and fitness of crops. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijms222111672 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8584137</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2597484005</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c481t-8aef1eade90fdd05c5f7b21271b0c6e977200b288380d33c8999d6310e1eb3953</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkUFv1DAQhS0EoqVw5IosceESGNtJbF-Q2ooWpEqgFi5cLMeZdL3K2osnC9p_34SWquUw8kj-_GaeH2OvBbxXysKHuN6QlFII0Wr5hB2KWsoKoNVPH_QH7AXRGkAq2djn7EDVurUC1CH7eRIz7dO0QorEfer5ZR6ReB74lR9j2M_Fj0PseUz8xI8-hZiu-dVUkIhfIm1zIvz78LzkP9Nq4b7N2EQv2bPBj4Sv7s4j9uPs0_fTz9XF1_Mvp8cXVaiNmCrjcRDoe7Qw9D00oRl0J4XUooPQotVaAnTSGGWgVyoYa23fKgEosFO2UUfs463udtdtsA-YpuJHty1x48veZR_d45sUV-46_3amMbVQehZ4dydQ8q8d0uQ2kQKOswvMO3Lzn-na1ADLrLf_oeu8K2m2t1AtqBbahapuqVAyUcHhfhkBbknNPUpt5t88dHBP_4tJ3QDBi5Mk</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2596036065</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Biosynthesis and Roles of Salicylic Acid in Balancing Stress Response and Growth in Plants</title><source>MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Zhong, Qinling ; Hu, Hongliang ; Fan, Baofang ; Zhu, Cheng ; Chen, Zhixiang</creator><creatorcontrib>Zhong, Qinling ; Hu, Hongliang ; Fan, Baofang ; Zhu, Cheng ; Chen, Zhixiang</creatorcontrib><description>Salicylic acid (SA) is an important plant hormone with a critical role in plant defense against pathogen infection. Despite extensive research over the past 30 year or so, SA biosynthesis and its complex roles in plant defense are still not fully understood. Even though earlier biochemical studies suggested that plants synthesize SA from cinnamate produced by phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), genetic analysis has indicated that in Arabidopsis, the bulk of SA is synthesized from isochorismate (IC) produced by IC synthase (ICS). Recent studies have further established the enzymes responsible for the conversion of IC to SA in Arabidopsis. However, it remains unclear whether other plants also rely on the ICS pathway for SA biosynthesis. SA induces defense genes against biotrophic pathogens, but represses genes involved in growth for balancing defense and growth to a great extent through crosstalk with the growth-promoting plant hormone auxin. Important progress has been made recently in understanding how SA attenuates plant growth by regulating the biosynthesis, transport, and signaling of auxin. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the biosynthesis and the broad roles of SA in regulating plant growth during defense responses. Further understanding of SA production and its regulation of both defense and growth will be critical for developing better knowledge to improve the disease resistance and fitness of crops.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-6596</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111672</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34769103</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Ammonia ; Arabidopsis ; Auxins ; Bacteria ; Balancing ; Biosynthesis ; Chloroplasts ; Crosstalk ; Defense mechanisms ; Disease resistance ; Enzymes ; Gene expression ; Genes ; Genetic analysis ; Indoleacetic Acids - metabolism ; Infections ; Mutation ; Pathogens ; Phenylalanine ; Plant Development ; Plant Immunity ; Plants - metabolism ; Proteins ; Receptor Cross-Talk ; Review ; Salicylic acid ; Salicylic Acid - metabolism ; Stress, Physiological ; Tobacco</subject><ispartof>International journal of molecular sciences, 2021-10, Vol.22 (21), p.11672</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c481t-8aef1eade90fdd05c5f7b21271b0c6e977200b288380d33c8999d6310e1eb3953</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c481t-8aef1eade90fdd05c5f7b21271b0c6e977200b288380d33c8999d6310e1eb3953</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5472-4560</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8584137/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8584137/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34769103$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhong, Qinling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Hongliang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fan, Baofang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Cheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Zhixiang</creatorcontrib><title>Biosynthesis and Roles of Salicylic Acid in Balancing Stress Response and Growth in Plants</title><title>International journal of molecular sciences</title><addtitle>Int J Mol Sci</addtitle><description>Salicylic acid (SA) is an important plant hormone with a critical role in plant defense against pathogen infection. Despite extensive research over the past 30 year or so, SA biosynthesis and its complex roles in plant defense are still not fully understood. Even though earlier biochemical studies suggested that plants synthesize SA from cinnamate produced by phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), genetic analysis has indicated that in Arabidopsis, the bulk of SA is synthesized from isochorismate (IC) produced by IC synthase (ICS). Recent studies have further established the enzymes responsible for the conversion of IC to SA in Arabidopsis. However, it remains unclear whether other plants also rely on the ICS pathway for SA biosynthesis. SA induces defense genes against biotrophic pathogens, but represses genes involved in growth for balancing defense and growth to a great extent through crosstalk with the growth-promoting plant hormone auxin. Important progress has been made recently in understanding how SA attenuates plant growth by regulating the biosynthesis, transport, and signaling of auxin. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the biosynthesis and the broad roles of SA in regulating plant growth during defense responses. Further understanding of SA production and its regulation of both defense and growth will be critical for developing better knowledge to improve the disease resistance and fitness of crops.</description><subject>Ammonia</subject><subject>Arabidopsis</subject><subject>Auxins</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Balancing</subject><subject>Biosynthesis</subject><subject>Chloroplasts</subject><subject>Crosstalk</subject><subject>Defense mechanisms</subject><subject>Disease resistance</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genetic analysis</subject><subject>Indoleacetic Acids - metabolism</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Phenylalanine</subject><subject>Plant Development</subject><subject>Plant Immunity</subject><subject>Plants - metabolism</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Receptor Cross-Talk</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Salicylic acid</subject><subject>Salicylic Acid - metabolism</subject><subject>Stress, Physiological</subject><subject>Tobacco</subject><issn>1422-0067</issn><issn>1661-6596</issn><issn>1422-0067</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkUFv1DAQhS0EoqVw5IosceESGNtJbF-Q2ooWpEqgFi5cLMeZdL3K2osnC9p_34SWquUw8kj-_GaeH2OvBbxXysKHuN6QlFII0Wr5hB2KWsoKoNVPH_QH7AXRGkAq2djn7EDVurUC1CH7eRIz7dO0QorEfer5ZR6ReB74lR9j2M_Fj0PseUz8xI8-hZiu-dVUkIhfIm1zIvz78LzkP9Nq4b7N2EQv2bPBj4Sv7s4j9uPs0_fTz9XF1_Mvp8cXVaiNmCrjcRDoe7Qw9D00oRl0J4XUooPQotVaAnTSGGWgVyoYa23fKgEosFO2UUfs463udtdtsA-YpuJHty1x48veZR_d45sUV-46_3amMbVQehZ4dydQ8q8d0uQ2kQKOswvMO3Lzn-na1ADLrLf_oeu8K2m2t1AtqBbahapuqVAyUcHhfhkBbknNPUpt5t88dHBP_4tJ3QDBi5Mk</recordid><startdate>20211028</startdate><enddate>20211028</enddate><creator>Zhong, Qinling</creator><creator>Hu, Hongliang</creator><creator>Fan, Baofang</creator><creator>Zhu, Cheng</creator><creator>Chen, Zhixiang</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5472-4560</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211028</creationdate><title>Biosynthesis and Roles of Salicylic Acid in Balancing Stress Response and Growth in Plants</title><author>Zhong, Qinling ; Hu, Hongliang ; Fan, Baofang ; Zhu, Cheng ; Chen, Zhixiang</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c481t-8aef1eade90fdd05c5f7b21271b0c6e977200b288380d33c8999d6310e1eb3953</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Ammonia</topic><topic>Arabidopsis</topic><topic>Auxins</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Balancing</topic><topic>Biosynthesis</topic><topic>Chloroplasts</topic><topic>Crosstalk</topic><topic>Defense mechanisms</topic><topic>Disease resistance</topic><topic>Enzymes</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genetic analysis</topic><topic>Indoleacetic Acids - metabolism</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Mutation</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>Phenylalanine</topic><topic>Plant Development</topic><topic>Plant Immunity</topic><topic>Plants - metabolism</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Receptor Cross-Talk</topic><topic>Review</topic><topic>Salicylic acid</topic><topic>Salicylic Acid - metabolism</topic><topic>Stress, Physiological</topic><topic>Tobacco</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhong, Qinling</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Hongliang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fan, Baofang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Cheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Zhixiang</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International journal of molecular sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhong, Qinling</au><au>Hu, Hongliang</au><au>Fan, Baofang</au><au>Zhu, Cheng</au><au>Chen, Zhixiang</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Biosynthesis and Roles of Salicylic Acid in Balancing Stress Response and Growth in Plants</atitle><jtitle>International journal of molecular sciences</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Mol Sci</addtitle><date>2021-10-28</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>22</volume><issue>21</issue><spage>11672</spage><pages>11672-</pages><issn>1422-0067</issn><issn>1661-6596</issn><eissn>1422-0067</eissn><abstract>Salicylic acid (SA) is an important plant hormone with a critical role in plant defense against pathogen infection. Despite extensive research over the past 30 year or so, SA biosynthesis and its complex roles in plant defense are still not fully understood. Even though earlier biochemical studies suggested that plants synthesize SA from cinnamate produced by phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), genetic analysis has indicated that in Arabidopsis, the bulk of SA is synthesized from isochorismate (IC) produced by IC synthase (ICS). Recent studies have further established the enzymes responsible for the conversion of IC to SA in Arabidopsis. However, it remains unclear whether other plants also rely on the ICS pathway for SA biosynthesis. SA induces defense genes against biotrophic pathogens, but represses genes involved in growth for balancing defense and growth to a great extent through crosstalk with the growth-promoting plant hormone auxin. Important progress has been made recently in understanding how SA attenuates plant growth by regulating the biosynthesis, transport, and signaling of auxin. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the biosynthesis and the broad roles of SA in regulating plant growth during defense responses. Further understanding of SA production and its regulation of both defense and growth will be critical for developing better knowledge to improve the disease resistance and fitness of crops.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>34769103</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijms222111672</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5472-4560</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1422-0067 |
| ispartof | International journal of molecular sciences, 2021-10, Vol.22 (21), p.11672 |
| issn | 1422-0067 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8584137 |
| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Ammonia Arabidopsis Auxins Bacteria Balancing Biosynthesis Chloroplasts Crosstalk Defense mechanisms Disease resistance Enzymes Gene expression Genes Genetic analysis Indoleacetic Acids - metabolism Infections Mutation Pathogens Phenylalanine Plant Development Plant Immunity Plants - metabolism Proteins Receptor Cross-Talk Review Salicylic acid Salicylic Acid - metabolism Stress, Physiological Tobacco |
| title | Biosynthesis and Roles of Salicylic Acid in Balancing Stress Response and Growth in Plants |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-13T03%3A14%3A25IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Biosynthesis%20and%20Roles%20of%20Salicylic%20Acid%20in%20Balancing%20Stress%20Response%20and%20Growth%20in%20Plants&rft.jtitle=International%20journal%20of%20molecular%20sciences&rft.au=Zhong,%20Qinling&rft.date=2021-10-28&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=11672&rft.pages=11672-&rft.issn=1422-0067&rft.eissn=1422-0067&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/ijms222111672&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E2597484005%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2596036065&rft_id=info:pmid/34769103&rfr_iscdi=true |