Race, Flourishing, and All-Cause Mortality in the United States, 1995–2016
Abstract We assessed whether race moderates the association between flourishing and all-cause mortality. We used panel data from the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS) (1995–2016; n = 2,851). Approximately 19% of White respondents and 23% of Black respondents in the baseline sample died over...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | American journal of epidemiology 2021-09, Vol.190 (9), p.1735-1743 |
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| container_title | American journal of epidemiology |
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| creator | Louie, Patricia Upenieks, Laura Siddiqi, Arjumand Williams, David R Takeuchi, David T |
| description | Abstract
We assessed whether race moderates the association between flourishing and all-cause mortality. We used panel data from the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS) (1995–2016; n = 2,851). Approximately 19% of White respondents and 23% of Black respondents in the baseline sample died over the course of the 21-year study period (n = 564). Cox proportional hazard models showed that Blacks had a higher mortality rate relative to Whites and higher levels of flourishing were associated with a lower mortality rate. Furthermore, a significant interaction between flourishing and race in predicting death was observed. Blacks with higher levels of flourishing had a mortality rate that was not significantly different from that of Whites. However, Blacks, but not Whites, with low flourishing scores had a higher mortality rate. As such, health-promotion efforts focused on enhancing flourishing among Black populations may reduce the Black–White gap in mortalityrate. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/aje/kwab067 |
| format | Article |
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We assessed whether race moderates the association between flourishing and all-cause mortality. We used panel data from the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS) (1995–2016; n = 2,851). Approximately 19% of White respondents and 23% of Black respondents in the baseline sample died over the course of the 21-year study period (n = 564). Cox proportional hazard models showed that Blacks had a higher mortality rate relative to Whites and higher levels of flourishing were associated with a lower mortality rate. Furthermore, a significant interaction between flourishing and race in predicting death was observed. Blacks with higher levels of flourishing had a mortality rate that was not significantly different from that of Whites. However, Blacks, but not Whites, with low flourishing scores had a higher mortality rate. As such, health-promotion efforts focused on enhancing flourishing among Black populations may reduce the Black–White gap in mortalityrate.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-9262</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-6256</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab067</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33728457</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Adult ; African Americans - statistics & numerical data ; Aged ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Health Status Disparities ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Original Contribution ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Psychology ; Race ; Racial Groups - statistics & numerical data ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Statistical models ; United States - epidemiology ; Whites - statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>American journal of epidemiology, 2021-09, Vol.190 (9), p.1735-1743</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. 2021</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c440t-23d60114fe2a010783ee1f4b7d50571c678c7010a3d3f762ba2e9ff89c158b823</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c440t-23d60114fe2a010783ee1f4b7d50571c678c7010a3d3f762ba2e9ff89c158b823</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,1584,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33728457$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Louie, Patricia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Upenieks, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siddiqi, Arjumand</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williams, David R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Takeuchi, David T</creatorcontrib><title>Race, Flourishing, and All-Cause Mortality in the United States, 1995–2016</title><title>American journal of epidemiology</title><addtitle>Am J Epidemiol</addtitle><description>Abstract
We assessed whether race moderates the association between flourishing and all-cause mortality. We used panel data from the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS) (1995–2016; n = 2,851). Approximately 19% of White respondents and 23% of Black respondents in the baseline sample died over the course of the 21-year study period (n = 564). Cox proportional hazard models showed that Blacks had a higher mortality rate relative to Whites and higher levels of flourishing were associated with a lower mortality rate. Furthermore, a significant interaction between flourishing and race in predicting death was observed. Blacks with higher levels of flourishing had a mortality rate that was not significantly different from that of Whites. However, Blacks, but not Whites, with low flourishing scores had a higher mortality rate. As such, health-promotion efforts focused on enhancing flourishing among Black populations may reduce the Black–White gap in mortalityrate.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>African Americans - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health Status Disparities</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Original Contribution</subject><subject>Proportional Hazards Models</subject><subject>Psychology</subject><subject>Race</subject><subject>Racial Groups - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Socioeconomic Factors</subject><subject>Statistical models</subject><subject>United States - epidemiology</subject><subject>Whites - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0002-9262</issn><issn>1476-6256</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc1qFEEUhQtRzBizci8FARGcTm5Vdf1thDAYFUYCJlkX1d23MzX2dI9d1Up2voNv6JNYMpOgWbi6i_NxOPccQl4wOGFgxalf4-mX774CpR-RGSu1KhSX6jGZAQAvLFf8gDyLcQ3AmJXwlBwIobkppZ6R5Wdf45yed8M0hrgK_c2c-r6hZ11XLPwUkX4axuS7kG5p6GlaIb3uQ8KGXiafMM4ps1b--vGTA1PPyZPWdxGP9veQXJ-_u1p8KJYX7z8uzpZFXZaQCi4alaOULXIPDLQRiKwtK91IkJrVSptaZ8GLRrRa8cpztG1rbM2kqQwXh-Ttznc7VRtsauzT6Du3HcPGj7du8MH9q_Rh5W6Gb85IbQFMNni9NxiHrxPG5DYh1th1vsdhio5L4ByE0Sqjxw_Qda6qz--5XKziVhijM_VmR9XjEOOI7X0YBu7PSi6v5PYrZfrl3_nv2btZMvBqBwzT9r9OvwH3i5mB</recordid><startdate>20210901</startdate><enddate>20210901</enddate><creator>Louie, Patricia</creator><creator>Upenieks, Laura</creator><creator>Siddiqi, Arjumand</creator><creator>Williams, David R</creator><creator>Takeuchi, David T</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><general>Oxford Publishing Limited (England)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210901</creationdate><title>Race, Flourishing, and All-Cause Mortality in the United States, 1995–2016</title><author>Louie, Patricia ; Upenieks, Laura ; Siddiqi, Arjumand ; Williams, David R ; Takeuchi, David T</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c440t-23d60114fe2a010783ee1f4b7d50571c678c7010a3d3f762ba2e9ff89c158b823</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>African Americans - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health Status Disparities</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Original Contribution</topic><topic>Proportional Hazards Models</topic><topic>Psychology</topic><topic>Race</topic><topic>Racial Groups - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Socioeconomic Factors</topic><topic>Statistical models</topic><topic>United States - epidemiology</topic><topic>Whites - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Louie, Patricia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Upenieks, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Siddiqi, Arjumand</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williams, David R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Takeuchi, David T</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>American journal of epidemiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Louie, Patricia</au><au>Upenieks, Laura</au><au>Siddiqi, Arjumand</au><au>Williams, David R</au><au>Takeuchi, David T</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Race, Flourishing, and All-Cause Mortality in the United States, 1995–2016</atitle><jtitle>American journal of epidemiology</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Epidemiol</addtitle><date>2021-09-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>190</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>1735</spage><epage>1743</epage><pages>1735-1743</pages><issn>0002-9262</issn><eissn>1476-6256</eissn><abstract>Abstract
We assessed whether race moderates the association between flourishing and all-cause mortality. We used panel data from the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS) (1995–2016; n = 2,851). Approximately 19% of White respondents and 23% of Black respondents in the baseline sample died over the course of the 21-year study period (n = 564). Cox proportional hazard models showed that Blacks had a higher mortality rate relative to Whites and higher levels of flourishing were associated with a lower mortality rate. Furthermore, a significant interaction between flourishing and race in predicting death was observed. Blacks with higher levels of flourishing had a mortality rate that was not significantly different from that of Whites. However, Blacks, but not Whites, with low flourishing scores had a higher mortality rate. As such, health-promotion efforts focused on enhancing flourishing among Black populations may reduce the Black–White gap in mortalityrate.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>33728457</pmid><doi>10.1093/aje/kwab067</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Adult African Americans - statistics & numerical data Aged Cohort Studies Female Health Status Disparities Humans Male Middle Aged Mortality Original Contribution Proportional Hazards Models Psychology Race Racial Groups - statistics & numerical data Socioeconomic Factors Statistical models United States - epidemiology Whites - statistics & numerical data Young Adult |
| title | Race, Flourishing, and All-Cause Mortality in the United States, 1995–2016 |
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