Metabolic Syndrome and Sarcopenia
Skeletal muscle is a major organ of insulin-induced glucose metabolism. In addition, loss of muscle mass is closely linked to insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (Met-S). Skeletal muscle loss and accumulation of intramuscular fat are associated with a variety of pathologies through a comb...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nutrients 2021-10, Vol.13 (10), p.3519 |
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| creator | Nishikawa, Hiroki Asai, Akira Fukunishi, Shinya Nishiguchi, Shuhei Higuchi, Kazuhide |
| description | Skeletal muscle is a major organ of insulin-induced glucose metabolism. In addition, loss of muscle mass is closely linked to insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (Met-S). Skeletal muscle loss and accumulation of intramuscular fat are associated with a variety of pathologies through a combination of factors, including oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial dysfunction, IR, and inactivity. Sarcopenia, defined by a loss of muscle mass and a decline in muscle quality and muscle function, is common in the elderly and is also often seen in patients with acute or chronic muscle-wasting diseases. The relationship between Met-S and sarcopenia has been attracting a great deal of attention these days. Persistent inflammation, fat deposition, and IR are thought to play a complex role in the association between Met-S and sarcopenia. Met-S and sarcopenia adversely affect QOL and contribute to increased frailty, weakness, dependence, and morbidity and mortality. Patients with Met-S and sarcopenia at the same time have a higher risk of several adverse health events than those with either Met-S or sarcopenia. Met-S can also be associated with sarcopenic obesity. In this review, the relationship between Met-S and sarcopenia will be outlined from the viewpoints of molecular mechanism and clinical impact. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/nu13103519 |
| format | Article |
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In addition, loss of muscle mass is closely linked to insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (Met-S). Skeletal muscle loss and accumulation of intramuscular fat are associated with a variety of pathologies through a combination of factors, including oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial dysfunction, IR, and inactivity. Sarcopenia, defined by a loss of muscle mass and a decline in muscle quality and muscle function, is common in the elderly and is also often seen in patients with acute or chronic muscle-wasting diseases. The relationship between Met-S and sarcopenia has been attracting a great deal of attention these days. Persistent inflammation, fat deposition, and IR are thought to play a complex role in the association between Met-S and sarcopenia. Met-S and sarcopenia adversely affect QOL and contribute to increased frailty, weakness, dependence, and morbidity and mortality. Patients with Met-S and sarcopenia at the same time have a higher risk of several adverse health events than those with either Met-S or sarcopenia. Met-S can also be associated with sarcopenic obesity. In this review, the relationship between Met-S and sarcopenia will be outlined from the viewpoints of molecular mechanism and clinical impact.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/nu13103519</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34684520</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Adipocytes ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging - physiology ; Blood pressure ; Body fat ; Body mass index ; Cardiovascular disease ; Cytokines ; Fatty acids ; Female ; Glucose ; Glucose metabolism ; Health risks ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Insulin ; Insulin resistance ; Insulin Resistance - physiology ; Lifestyles ; Liver diseases ; Male ; Metabolic disorders ; Metabolic syndrome ; Metabolic Syndrome - complications ; Metabolic Syndrome - physiopathology ; Mitochondria ; Morbidity ; Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology ; Muscles ; Musculoskeletal system ; Obesity ; Older people ; Oxidative stress ; Patients ; Protein synthesis ; Proteins ; Quality of Life ; Review ; Sarcopenia ; Sarcopenia - complications ; Sarcopenia - physiopathology ; Skeletal muscle ; Triglycerides ; Working groups</subject><ispartof>Nutrients, 2021-10, Vol.13 (10), p.3519</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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Patients with Met-S and sarcopenia at the same time have a higher risk of several adverse health events than those with either Met-S or sarcopenia. Met-S can also be associated with sarcopenic obesity. In this review, the relationship between Met-S and sarcopenia will be outlined from the viewpoints of molecular mechanism and clinical impact.</description><subject>Adipocytes</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Aging - physiology</subject><subject>Blood pressure</subject><subject>Body fat</subject><subject>Body mass index</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Glucose</subject><subject>Glucose metabolism</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Insulin</subject><subject>Insulin resistance</subject><subject>Insulin Resistance - physiology</subject><subject>Lifestyles</subject><subject>Liver diseases</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Metabolic disorders</subject><subject>Metabolic syndrome</subject><subject>Metabolic Syndrome - complications</subject><subject>Metabolic Syndrome - physiopathology</subject><subject>Mitochondria</subject><subject>Morbidity</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology</subject><subject>Muscles</subject><subject>Musculoskeletal system</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Older people</subject><subject>Oxidative stress</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Protein synthesis</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Quality of Life</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Sarcopenia</subject><subject>Sarcopenia - complications</subject><subject>Sarcopenia - physiopathology</subject><subject>Skeletal muscle</subject><subject>Triglycerides</subject><subject>Working groups</subject><issn>2072-6643</issn><issn>2072-6643</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkE1Lw0AQhhdRbKm9-AOk4kWE6H4nexGk-AUVD9XzMrvZaEq6WzeJ0H9vamutDgMzwzy8zLwIHRN8yZjCV74ljGAmiNpDfYpTmkjJ2f5O30PDup7hVaQ4lewQ9RiXGRcU99Hpk2vAhKq0o-nS5zHM3Qh8PppCtGHhfAlH6KCAqnbDTR2g17vbl_FDMnm-fxzfTBLLsWyS3BBDlbUpg0xYUhjOCIA0eTdTzHOQwipBlchypaRxKQZQEhMpC2ucATZA12vdRWvmLrfONxEqvYjlHOJSByj1340v3_Vb-NSZ4ERS2gmcbwRi-Ghd3eh5WVtXVeBdaGtNRcbTLlPcoWf_0Floo-_e-6Y4V4SpjrpYUzaGuo6u2B5DsF6Zr3_N7-CT3fO36I_V7Aubz34G</recordid><startdate>20211007</startdate><enddate>20211007</enddate><creator>Nishikawa, Hiroki</creator><creator>Asai, Akira</creator><creator>Fukunishi, Shinya</creator><creator>Nishiguchi, Shuhei</creator><creator>Higuchi, Kazuhide</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-7875</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211007</creationdate><title>Metabolic Syndrome and Sarcopenia</title><author>Nishikawa, Hiroki ; Asai, Akira ; Fukunishi, Shinya ; Nishiguchi, Shuhei ; Higuchi, Kazuhide</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-db1b29cc73a85c1fb431aa6bd3a8204da65c952958d996be70aa960166fcbeba3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adipocytes</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Aging - physiology</topic><topic>Blood pressure</topic><topic>Body fat</topic><topic>Body mass index</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Fatty acids</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Glucose</topic><topic>Glucose metabolism</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Insulin</topic><topic>Insulin resistance</topic><topic>Insulin Resistance - physiology</topic><topic>Lifestyles</topic><topic>Liver diseases</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Metabolic disorders</topic><topic>Metabolic syndrome</topic><topic>Metabolic Syndrome - complications</topic><topic>Metabolic Syndrome - physiopathology</topic><topic>Mitochondria</topic><topic>Morbidity</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology</topic><topic>Muscles</topic><topic>Musculoskeletal system</topic><topic>Obesity</topic><topic>Older people</topic><topic>Oxidative stress</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Protein synthesis</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Quality of Life</topic><topic>Review</topic><topic>Sarcopenia</topic><topic>Sarcopenia - complications</topic><topic>Sarcopenia - physiopathology</topic><topic>Skeletal muscle</topic><topic>Triglycerides</topic><topic>Working groups</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Nishikawa, Hiroki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Asai, Akira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fukunishi, Shinya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nishiguchi, Shuhei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Higuchi, Kazuhide</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Nutrients</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Nishikawa, Hiroki</au><au>Asai, Akira</au><au>Fukunishi, Shinya</au><au>Nishiguchi, Shuhei</au><au>Higuchi, Kazuhide</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Metabolic Syndrome and Sarcopenia</atitle><jtitle>Nutrients</jtitle><addtitle>Nutrients</addtitle><date>2021-10-07</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>3519</spage><pages>3519-</pages><issn>2072-6643</issn><eissn>2072-6643</eissn><abstract>Skeletal muscle is a major organ of insulin-induced glucose metabolism. In addition, loss of muscle mass is closely linked to insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (Met-S). Skeletal muscle loss and accumulation of intramuscular fat are associated with a variety of pathologies through a combination of factors, including oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial dysfunction, IR, and inactivity. Sarcopenia, defined by a loss of muscle mass and a decline in muscle quality and muscle function, is common in the elderly and is also often seen in patients with acute or chronic muscle-wasting diseases. The relationship between Met-S and sarcopenia has been attracting a great deal of attention these days. Persistent inflammation, fat deposition, and IR are thought to play a complex role in the association between Met-S and sarcopenia. Met-S and sarcopenia adversely affect QOL and contribute to increased frailty, weakness, dependence, and morbidity and mortality. Patients with Met-S and sarcopenia at the same time have a higher risk of several adverse health events than those with either Met-S or sarcopenia. Met-S can also be associated with sarcopenic obesity. In this review, the relationship between Met-S and sarcopenia will be outlined from the viewpoints of molecular mechanism and clinical impact.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>34684520</pmid><doi>10.3390/nu13103519</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-7875</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adipocytes Aged Aged, 80 and over Aging - physiology Blood pressure Body fat Body mass index Cardiovascular disease Cytokines Fatty acids Female Glucose Glucose metabolism Health risks Humans Inflammation Insulin Insulin resistance Insulin Resistance - physiology Lifestyles Liver diseases Male Metabolic disorders Metabolic syndrome Metabolic Syndrome - complications Metabolic Syndrome - physiopathology Mitochondria Morbidity Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology Muscles Musculoskeletal system Obesity Older people Oxidative stress Patients Protein synthesis Proteins Quality of Life Review Sarcopenia Sarcopenia - complications Sarcopenia - physiopathology Skeletal muscle Triglycerides Working groups |
| title | Metabolic Syndrome and Sarcopenia |
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