A Sheathed Spike Gene, TaWUS-like Inhibits Stem Elongation in Common Wheat by Regulating Hormone Levels
The elongation and development of wheat ( L.) stem play an important role in plant architecture. The shortened stem would result in a sheathed spike and a low yield in crops. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying a sheathed spike would be beneficial for plant architecture and yield improvem...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of molecular sciences 2021-10, Vol.22 (20), p.11210 |
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| creator | Si, Xuemei Wang, Wanxin Wang, Ke Liu, Yunchuan Bai, Jiangping Meng, Yaxiong Zhang, Xueyong Liu, Hongxia |
| description | The elongation and development of wheat (
L.) stem play an important role in plant architecture. The shortened stem would result in a sheathed spike and a low yield in crops. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying a sheathed spike would be beneficial for plant architecture and yield improvement. We identified a novel gene,
(
-
-
), which regulated sheathed spike and plant architecture in wheat. The plant height of overexpression transgenic lines was significantly decreased and the spike was not completely elongated and enclosed in flag leaf sheaths. Moreover, the increase in tiller angle resulted in loose plant architecture and lower yield. The statistical and cytological analysis demonstrated that the length of the uppermost and secondary internode was significantly shortened, especially the uppermost internode which was only half the length of the wild-type. The size of parenchyma cells was obviously reduced and cell length on the longitudinal section was elongated insufficiently compared with wild-type. The analysis of hormone content showed that there was a lack of gibberellin A 3 (GA
) in internodes but a higher brassinosteroid (BR) content.
may inhibit the synthesis of GA
and/or BR, thus affecting the function of signal transduction of these hormones, which further caused stem shortening and plant dwarfing in wheat. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijms222011210 |
| format | Article |
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L.) stem play an important role in plant architecture. The shortened stem would result in a sheathed spike and a low yield in crops. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying a sheathed spike would be beneficial for plant architecture and yield improvement. We identified a novel gene,
(
-
-
), which regulated sheathed spike and plant architecture in wheat. The plant height of overexpression transgenic lines was significantly decreased and the spike was not completely elongated and enclosed in flag leaf sheaths. Moreover, the increase in tiller angle resulted in loose plant architecture and lower yield. The statistical and cytological analysis demonstrated that the length of the uppermost and secondary internode was significantly shortened, especially the uppermost internode which was only half the length of the wild-type. The size of parenchyma cells was obviously reduced and cell length on the longitudinal section was elongated insufficiently compared with wild-type. The analysis of hormone content showed that there was a lack of gibberellin A 3 (GA
) in internodes but a higher brassinosteroid (BR) content.
may inhibit the synthesis of GA
and/or BR, thus affecting the function of signal transduction of these hormones, which further caused stem shortening and plant dwarfing in wheat.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-6596</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011210</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34681870</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Agricultural production ; Brassinosteroids - metabolism ; Cell division ; Cell size ; Cloning ; Elongation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes ; Gibberellins ; Gibberellins - metabolism ; Homeobox ; Molecular modelling ; Parenchyma ; Phenotype ; Plant Cells - metabolism ; Plant Leaves - genetics ; Plant Leaves - metabolism ; Plant Proteins - genetics ; Plant Proteins - metabolism ; Plant Stems - genetics ; Plant Stems - growth & development ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Quantitative genetics ; Rice ; Seeds - cytology ; Seeds - genetics ; Sheaths ; Signal transduction ; Stems ; Transgenic plants ; Triticum - genetics ; Triticum - metabolism ; Triticum aestivum ; Wheat</subject><ispartof>International journal of molecular sciences, 2021-10, Vol.22 (20), p.11210</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-443ad7669ff03fa40ff6e143c642524ad380889443a938d5badab24e5cf04da83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-443ad7669ff03fa40ff6e143c642524ad380889443a938d5badab24e5cf04da83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8541442/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8541442/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34681870$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Si, Xuemei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Wanxin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Ke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yunchuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bai, Jiangping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meng, Yaxiong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Xueyong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Hongxia</creatorcontrib><title>A Sheathed Spike Gene, TaWUS-like Inhibits Stem Elongation in Common Wheat by Regulating Hormone Levels</title><title>International journal of molecular sciences</title><addtitle>Int J Mol Sci</addtitle><description>The elongation and development of wheat (
L.) stem play an important role in plant architecture. The shortened stem would result in a sheathed spike and a low yield in crops. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying a sheathed spike would be beneficial for plant architecture and yield improvement. We identified a novel gene,
(
-
-
), which regulated sheathed spike and plant architecture in wheat. The plant height of overexpression transgenic lines was significantly decreased and the spike was not completely elongated and enclosed in flag leaf sheaths. Moreover, the increase in tiller angle resulted in loose plant architecture and lower yield. The statistical and cytological analysis demonstrated that the length of the uppermost and secondary internode was significantly shortened, especially the uppermost internode which was only half the length of the wild-type. The size of parenchyma cells was obviously reduced and cell length on the longitudinal section was elongated insufficiently compared with wild-type. The analysis of hormone content showed that there was a lack of gibberellin A 3 (GA
) in internodes but a higher brassinosteroid (BR) content.
may inhibit the synthesis of GA
and/or BR, thus affecting the function of signal transduction of these hormones, which further caused stem shortening and plant dwarfing in wheat.</description><subject>Agricultural production</subject><subject>Brassinosteroids - metabolism</subject><subject>Cell division</subject><subject>Cell size</subject><subject>Cloning</subject><subject>Elongation</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Gibberellins</subject><subject>Gibberellins - metabolism</subject><subject>Homeobox</subject><subject>Molecular modelling</subject><subject>Parenchyma</subject><subject>Phenotype</subject><subject>Plant Cells - metabolism</subject><subject>Plant Leaves - genetics</subject><subject>Plant Leaves - metabolism</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Plant Stems - genetics</subject><subject>Plant Stems - growth & development</subject><subject>Plants, Genetically Modified</subject><subject>Quantitative genetics</subject><subject>Rice</subject><subject>Seeds - cytology</subject><subject>Seeds - genetics</subject><subject>Sheaths</subject><subject>Signal transduction</subject><subject>Stems</subject><subject>Transgenic plants</subject><subject>Triticum - genetics</subject><subject>Triticum - metabolism</subject><subject>Triticum aestivum</subject><subject>Wheat</subject><issn>1422-0067</issn><issn>1661-6596</issn><issn>1422-0067</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkUtLw0AUhQdRrK-lWxlw48LoPJPJRpDiCwqCVbocJslNOjWZqZlE8N-bWpXq6l7u-Tjcw0HomJILzlNyaRdNYIwRShklW2iPCsYiQuJke2Mfof0QFoQwzmS6i0ZcxIqqhOyh6hpP52C6ORR4urSvgO_AwTl-NrOXaVSvDg9ubjPbBTztoME3tXeV6ax32Do89k0zbLOVBc4-8BNUfT2orsL3vh0kwBN4hzocop3S1AGOvucBerm9eR7fR5PHu4fx9STKBZVdJAQ3RRLHaVkSXhpByjIGKngeCyaZMAVXRKl0haVcFTIzhcmYAJmXRBRG8QN0tfZd9lkDRQ6ua02tl61tTPuhvbH6r-LsXFf-XSspqBBsMDj7Nmj9Ww-h040NOdS1ceD7oJlUIkkpTeSAnv5DF75v3RDvixIsjWU8UNGaylsfQgvl7zOU6FWF-k-FA3-ymeCX_umMfwK0NZcQ</recordid><startdate>20211018</startdate><enddate>20211018</enddate><creator>Si, Xuemei</creator><creator>Wang, Wanxin</creator><creator>Wang, Ke</creator><creator>Liu, Yunchuan</creator><creator>Bai, Jiangping</creator><creator>Meng, Yaxiong</creator><creator>Zhang, Xueyong</creator><creator>Liu, Hongxia</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20211018</creationdate><title>A Sheathed Spike Gene, TaWUS-like Inhibits Stem Elongation in Common Wheat by Regulating Hormone Levels</title><author>Si, Xuemei ; 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L.) stem play an important role in plant architecture. The shortened stem would result in a sheathed spike and a low yield in crops. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying a sheathed spike would be beneficial for plant architecture and yield improvement. We identified a novel gene,
(
-
-
), which regulated sheathed spike and plant architecture in wheat. The plant height of overexpression transgenic lines was significantly decreased and the spike was not completely elongated and enclosed in flag leaf sheaths. Moreover, the increase in tiller angle resulted in loose plant architecture and lower yield. The statistical and cytological analysis demonstrated that the length of the uppermost and secondary internode was significantly shortened, especially the uppermost internode which was only half the length of the wild-type. The size of parenchyma cells was obviously reduced and cell length on the longitudinal section was elongated insufficiently compared with wild-type. The analysis of hormone content showed that there was a lack of gibberellin A 3 (GA
) in internodes but a higher brassinosteroid (BR) content.
may inhibit the synthesis of GA
and/or BR, thus affecting the function of signal transduction of these hormones, which further caused stem shortening and plant dwarfing in wheat.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>34681870</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijms222011210</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | International journal of molecular sciences, 2021-10, Vol.22 (20), p.11210 |
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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Agricultural production Brassinosteroids - metabolism Cell division Cell size Cloning Elongation Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Genes Gibberellins Gibberellins - metabolism Homeobox Molecular modelling Parenchyma Phenotype Plant Cells - metabolism Plant Leaves - genetics Plant Leaves - metabolism Plant Proteins - genetics Plant Proteins - metabolism Plant Stems - genetics Plant Stems - growth & development Plants, Genetically Modified Quantitative genetics Rice Seeds - cytology Seeds - genetics Sheaths Signal transduction Stems Transgenic plants Triticum - genetics Triticum - metabolism Triticum aestivum Wheat |
| title | A Sheathed Spike Gene, TaWUS-like Inhibits Stem Elongation in Common Wheat by Regulating Hormone Levels |
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