Association of blepharoptosis with refractive error in the Korean general population
Background/Objectives We investigated the effect of blepharoptosis on refractive errors across different age groups in Korean population. Subjects/Methods This cross-sectional study was performed with data obtained in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2008 to...
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| description | Background/Objectives
We investigated the effect of blepharoptosis on refractive errors across different age groups in Korean population.
Subjects/Methods
This cross-sectional study was performed with data obtained in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2008 to 2012. A total of 33,103 participants were enroled in our study. Blepharoptosis was defined as a marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD1) less than 2 mm, and was diagnosed in 3,305 (9.98%) participants. Ophthalmic examinations were performed, including measurements of MRD1, spherical equivalent, and degree of astigmatism. The age range was divided into three groups: less than 20 years old; more than 20 years and less than 60 years old; and more than 60 years old.
Results
The mean spherical equivalent were −0.28 ± 2.23 D in the ptotic eyelids and −1.13 ± 2.30 D in the non-ptotic eyelids (
p
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| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41433-021-01652-5 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8526571</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2583223123</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-aff9486dabdf4bd8989037bb966b65233c1f8fd4c771d6a9e42930c41ad31aac3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kTtPwzAUhS0EoqXwBxiQJeaA30kWpKriJSqxFInNchyncZXGwU6L-PeYthRYmDycc797fA8A5xhdYUSz68AwozRBBCcIC04SfgCGmKUi4YyzQzBEOUcJIeR1AE5CWCAUxRQdgwFlRBAs6BDMxiE4bVVvXQtdBYvGdLXyrutdsAG-276G3lRe6d6uDTTeOw9tC_vawCfnjWrh3LTGqwZ2rls1G9ApOKpUE8zZ7h2Bl7vb2eQhmT7fP07G00SzlPWJqqqcZaJURVmxoszyLEc0LYpciCJ-h1KNq6wqmU5TXAqVG0ZyijTDqqRYKU1H4GbL7VbF0pTatH0MIjtvl8p_SKes_Ku0tpZzt5YZJ4KnOAIudwDv3lYm9HLhVr6NmSXhGSWE4hhjBMjWpb0LIV5jvwEj-dWE3DYhYxNy04Tkcejid7b9yPfpo4FuDSFK7dz4n93_YD8BT9yWlw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2583223123</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Association of blepharoptosis with refractive error in the Korean general population</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Kim, Yangho ; Lee, Ju-Hyang</creator><creatorcontrib>Kim, Yangho ; Lee, Ju-Hyang</creatorcontrib><description>Background/Objectives
We investigated the effect of blepharoptosis on refractive errors across different age groups in Korean population.
Subjects/Methods
This cross-sectional study was performed with data obtained in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2008 to 2012. A total of 33,103 participants were enroled in our study. Blepharoptosis was defined as a marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD1) less than 2 mm, and was diagnosed in 3,305 (9.98%) participants. Ophthalmic examinations were performed, including measurements of MRD1, spherical equivalent, and degree of astigmatism. The age range was divided into three groups: less than 20 years old; more than 20 years and less than 60 years old; and more than 60 years old.
Results
The mean spherical equivalent were −0.28 ± 2.23 D in the ptotic eyelids and −1.13 ± 2.30 D in the non-ptotic eyelids (
p
< 0.001, 95% CI: −0.93, −0.77). The mean cylinder dioptre were −1.03 ± 0.87 D and −0.80 ± 0.77 D respectively (
p
< 0.001, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.26). The association with the eyelid position and refractive error significantly differed according to the age group and body mass index. Increased positive spherical change and increased astigmatism were prominent among ptotic participants aged less than 60 years.
Conclusions
A decrease in MRD1 was associated with a hyperopic shift and higher astigmatism. Mechanical compression of the ptotic eyelid may affect ocular biometry, with the effect being particularly prominent in younger participants who had greater eyelid tension.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0950-222X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5454</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01652-5</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34262163</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>692/308/174 ; 692/699/3161/3166 ; Age ; Astigmatism ; Blepharoptosis - epidemiology ; Body mass index ; Child, Preschool ; Compression ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Eyelid ; Humans ; Laboratory Medicine ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Nutrition Surveys ; Ophthalmology ; Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology ; Prevalence ; Refractive Errors - epidemiology ; Republic of Korea - epidemiology ; Surgery ; Surgical Oncology</subject><ispartof>Eye (London), 2021-11, Vol.35 (11), p.3141-3146</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Royal College of Ophthalmologists 2021</rights><rights>2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Royal College of Ophthalmologists.</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Royal College of Ophthalmologists 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-aff9486dabdf4bd8989037bb966b65233c1f8fd4c771d6a9e42930c41ad31aac3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-aff9486dabdf4bd8989037bb966b65233c1f8fd4c771d6a9e42930c41ad31aac3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0462-6081 ; 0000-0002-6462-0829</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8526571/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8526571/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27923,27924,41487,42556,51318,53790,53792</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34262163$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kim, Yangho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Ju-Hyang</creatorcontrib><title>Association of blepharoptosis with refractive error in the Korean general population</title><title>Eye (London)</title><addtitle>Eye</addtitle><addtitle>Eye (Lond)</addtitle><description>Background/Objectives
We investigated the effect of blepharoptosis on refractive errors across different age groups in Korean population.
Subjects/Methods
This cross-sectional study was performed with data obtained in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2008 to 2012. A total of 33,103 participants were enroled in our study. Blepharoptosis was defined as a marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD1) less than 2 mm, and was diagnosed in 3,305 (9.98%) participants. Ophthalmic examinations were performed, including measurements of MRD1, spherical equivalent, and degree of astigmatism. The age range was divided into three groups: less than 20 years old; more than 20 years and less than 60 years old; and more than 60 years old.
Results
The mean spherical equivalent were −0.28 ± 2.23 D in the ptotic eyelids and −1.13 ± 2.30 D in the non-ptotic eyelids (
p
< 0.001, 95% CI: −0.93, −0.77). The mean cylinder dioptre were −1.03 ± 0.87 D and −0.80 ± 0.77 D respectively (
p
< 0.001, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.26). The association with the eyelid position and refractive error significantly differed according to the age group and body mass index. Increased positive spherical change and increased astigmatism were prominent among ptotic participants aged less than 60 years.
Conclusions
A decrease in MRD1 was associated with a hyperopic shift and higher astigmatism. Mechanical compression of the ptotic eyelid may affect ocular biometry, with the effect being particularly prominent in younger participants who had greater eyelid tension.</description><subject>692/308/174</subject><subject>692/699/3161/3166</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Astigmatism</subject><subject>Blepharoptosis - epidemiology</subject><subject>Body mass index</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Compression</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Eyelid</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Laboratory Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Nutrition Surveys</subject><subject>Ophthalmology</subject><subject>Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Refractive Errors - epidemiology</subject><subject>Republic of Korea - epidemiology</subject><subject>Surgery</subject><subject>Surgical Oncology</subject><issn>0950-222X</issn><issn>1476-5454</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kTtPwzAUhS0EoqXwBxiQJeaA30kWpKriJSqxFInNchyncZXGwU6L-PeYthRYmDycc797fA8A5xhdYUSz68AwozRBBCcIC04SfgCGmKUi4YyzQzBEOUcJIeR1AE5CWCAUxRQdgwFlRBAs6BDMxiE4bVVvXQtdBYvGdLXyrutdsAG-276G3lRe6d6uDTTeOw9tC_vawCfnjWrh3LTGqwZ2rls1G9ApOKpUE8zZ7h2Bl7vb2eQhmT7fP07G00SzlPWJqqqcZaJURVmxoszyLEc0LYpciCJ-h1KNq6wqmU5TXAqVG0ZyijTDqqRYKU1H4GbL7VbF0pTatH0MIjtvl8p_SKes_Ku0tpZzt5YZJ4KnOAIudwDv3lYm9HLhVr6NmSXhGSWE4hhjBMjWpb0LIV5jvwEj-dWE3DYhYxNy04Tkcejid7b9yPfpo4FuDSFK7dz4n93_YD8BT9yWlw</recordid><startdate>20211101</startdate><enddate>20211101</enddate><creator>Kim, Yangho</creator><creator>Lee, Ju-Hyang</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0462-6081</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-0829</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211101</creationdate><title>Association of blepharoptosis with refractive error in the Korean general population</title><author>Kim, Yangho ; Lee, Ju-Hyang</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-aff9486dabdf4bd8989037bb966b65233c1f8fd4c771d6a9e42930c41ad31aac3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>692/308/174</topic><topic>692/699/3161/3166</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Astigmatism</topic><topic>Blepharoptosis - epidemiology</topic><topic>Body mass index</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Compression</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Eyelid</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Laboratory Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Nutrition Surveys</topic><topic>Ophthalmology</topic><topic>Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Refractive Errors - epidemiology</topic><topic>Republic of Korea - epidemiology</topic><topic>Surgery</topic><topic>Surgical Oncology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kim, Yangho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Ju-Hyang</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Eye (London)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kim, Yangho</au><au>Lee, Ju-Hyang</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Association of blepharoptosis with refractive error in the Korean general population</atitle><jtitle>Eye (London)</jtitle><stitle>Eye</stitle><addtitle>Eye (Lond)</addtitle><date>2021-11-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>35</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>3141</spage><epage>3146</epage><pages>3141-3146</pages><issn>0950-222X</issn><eissn>1476-5454</eissn><abstract>Background/Objectives
We investigated the effect of blepharoptosis on refractive errors across different age groups in Korean population.
Subjects/Methods
This cross-sectional study was performed with data obtained in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2008 to 2012. A total of 33,103 participants were enroled in our study. Blepharoptosis was defined as a marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD1) less than 2 mm, and was diagnosed in 3,305 (9.98%) participants. Ophthalmic examinations were performed, including measurements of MRD1, spherical equivalent, and degree of astigmatism. The age range was divided into three groups: less than 20 years old; more than 20 years and less than 60 years old; and more than 60 years old.
Results
The mean spherical equivalent were −0.28 ± 2.23 D in the ptotic eyelids and −1.13 ± 2.30 D in the non-ptotic eyelids (
p
< 0.001, 95% CI: −0.93, −0.77). The mean cylinder dioptre were −1.03 ± 0.87 D and −0.80 ± 0.77 D respectively (
p
< 0.001, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.26). The association with the eyelid position and refractive error significantly differed according to the age group and body mass index. Increased positive spherical change and increased astigmatism were prominent among ptotic participants aged less than 60 years.
Conclusions
A decrease in MRD1 was associated with a hyperopic shift and higher astigmatism. Mechanical compression of the ptotic eyelid may affect ocular biometry, with the effect being particularly prominent in younger participants who had greater eyelid tension.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>34262163</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41433-021-01652-5</doi><tpages>6</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0462-6081</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-0829</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Eye (London), 2021-11, Vol.35 (11), p.3141-3146 |
| issn | 0950-222X 1476-5454 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; PubMed Central; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | 692/308/174 692/699/3161/3166 Age Astigmatism Blepharoptosis - epidemiology Body mass index Child, Preschool Compression Cross-Sectional Studies Eyelid Humans Laboratory Medicine Medicine Medicine & Public Health Nutrition Surveys Ophthalmology Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology Prevalence Refractive Errors - epidemiology Republic of Korea - epidemiology Surgery Surgical Oncology |
| title | Association of blepharoptosis with refractive error in the Korean general population |
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