Regulation and function of CX3CR1 and its ligand CX3CL1 in kidney disease

Attraction, retention, and differentiation of leukocytes to and within the kidney are governed by chemokines. The chemokine CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and its receptor CX3CR1 are exemplary in this regard as they are highly expressed and further upregulated in a range of kidney diseases. CX3CL1 is chiefly...

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Veröffentlicht in:Cell and tissue research 2021-08, Vol.385 (2), p.335-344
Hauptverfasser: von Vietinghoff, Sibylle, Kurts, Christian
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description Attraction, retention, and differentiation of leukocytes to and within the kidney are governed by chemokines. The chemokine CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and its receptor CX3CR1 are exemplary in this regard as they are highly expressed and further upregulated in a range of kidney diseases. CX3CL1 is chiefly produced by renal endothelium and tubular epithelium, where it promotes leukocyte attraction. Recent data suggest that in addition to established soluble mediators, cellular interactions may enhance CX3CL1 expression. The receptor CX3CR1 is essential in myeloid phagocyte homing to the kidney at homeostasis, after acute cell depletion and in inflammation. CX3CR1 and its ligand are highly regulated in human kidney diseases such as IgA nephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and inflammatory conditions such as transplant rejection. A mechanistic role of CX3CR1 has been established in experimental models of nephrotoxic nephritis and renal candidiasis. It is debated in fibrosis. Recent publications demonstrate a role for CX3CR1 + myeloid cells in radio-contrast-agent and sepsis-induced kidney damage. Systemically, circulating CX3CR1 + monocytes reversibly increase in individuals with renal impairment and correlate with their cardiovascular risk. In this review, we discuss role and regulatory mechanisms of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis in both localized and systemic effects of renal inflammation.
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subjects Animals
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Candidiasis
Cardiovascular diseases
Chemokine CX3CL1 - immunology
Chemokines
CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1 - immunology
CX3CR1 protein
Diabetic nephropathy
Endothelium
Epithelium
Fibrosis
Fractalkine
Graft rejection
Homeostasis
Human Genetics
Humans
Immunoglobulin A
Inflammation
Kidney - pathology
Kidney diseases
Kidney Diseases - immunology
Leukocytes
Ligands
Molecular Medicine
Monocytes
Myeloid cells
Nephritis
Proteomics
Review
Sepsis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
title Regulation and function of CX3CR1 and its ligand CX3CL1 in kidney disease
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