Risk factors for bit‐related lesions in Finnish trotting horses
Background Bit‐related lesions in competition horses have been documented, but little evidence exists concerning their potential risk factors. Objectives To explore potential risk factors for oral lesions in Finnish trotters. Study design Cross‐sectional study. Methods The rostral part of the mouth...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Equine veterinary journal 2021-11, Vol.53 (6), p.1132-1140 |
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| container_title | Equine veterinary journal |
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| creator | Tuomola, Kati Mäki‐Kihniä, Nina Valros, Anna Mykkänen, Anna Kujala‐Wirth, Minna |
| description | Background
Bit‐related lesions in competition horses have been documented, but little evidence exists concerning their potential risk factors.
Objectives
To explore potential risk factors for oral lesions in Finnish trotters.
Study design
Cross‐sectional study.
Methods
The rostral part of the mouth of 261 horses (151 Standardbreds, 78 Finnhorses and 32 ponies) was examined after a harness race. Information on bit type, equipment and race performance was collected.
Results
A multivariable logistic regression model of Standardbreds and Finnhorses showed a higher risk of moderate or severe oral lesion status associated with horses wearing a Crescendo bit (n = 38, OR 3.6, CI 1.4–8.9), a mullen mouth regulator bit (n = 25, OR 9.9, CI 2.2‐45) or a straight plastic bit (n = 14, OR 13.7, CI 1.75‐110) compared with horses wearing a snaffle trotting bit (n = 98, P = .002). Bar lesions (67 horses) were more common in horses wearing unjointed bits than in horses wearing jointed bits (Fisher's exact test P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/evj.13401 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8518388</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2471467501</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4431-b7b3a8230a28c427ba4b3d6421da45d89a235f5282383c89e2d7949c51c2a6013</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kd1KwzAYhoMobk4PvAEpeKIHdflrm54IY2z-IAiinoY0TbfMLplJq-zMS_AavRKj06GC30kCefLkDS8A-wieoDB99TQ7QYRCtAG6GFIcEwLTTdAN2yRGKaUdsOP9DEJCMMXboEPCpBSTLhjcaP8QVUI21vmosi4qdPP28upULRpVRrXy2hofaRONtTHaT6PG2abRZhJNwxXld8FWJWqv9r7WHrgbj26H5_HV9dnFcHAVS0oJiousIIJhAgVmkuKsELQgZQiBSkGTkuUCk6RKcEAYkSxXuMxymssESSxSiEgPnK68i7aYq1Iq0zhR84XTc-GW3ArNf58YPeUT-8RZghhhLAiOvgTOPrbKN3yuvVR1LYyyreeYZoimWfL51uEfdGZbZ8L3OE6yHDMYYgbqeEVJZ713qlqHQZB_FMNDMfyzmMAe_Ey_Jr-bCEB_BTzrWi3_N_HR_eVK-Q5IKJdx</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2579280823</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Risk factors for bit‐related lesions in Finnish trotting horses</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><creator>Tuomola, Kati ; Mäki‐Kihniä, Nina ; Valros, Anna ; Mykkänen, Anna ; Kujala‐Wirth, Minna</creator><creatorcontrib>Tuomola, Kati ; Mäki‐Kihniä, Nina ; Valros, Anna ; Mykkänen, Anna ; Kujala‐Wirth, Minna</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Bit‐related lesions in competition horses have been documented, but little evidence exists concerning their potential risk factors.
Objectives
To explore potential risk factors for oral lesions in Finnish trotters.
Study design
Cross‐sectional study.
Methods
The rostral part of the mouth of 261 horses (151 Standardbreds, 78 Finnhorses and 32 ponies) was examined after a harness race. Information on bit type, equipment and race performance was collected.
Results
A multivariable logistic regression model of Standardbreds and Finnhorses showed a higher risk of moderate or severe oral lesion status associated with horses wearing a Crescendo bit (n = 38, OR 3.6, CI 1.4–8.9), a mullen mouth regulator bit (n = 25, OR 9.9, CI 2.2‐45) or a straight plastic bit (n = 14, OR 13.7, CI 1.75‐110) compared with horses wearing a snaffle trotting bit (n = 98, P = .002). Bar lesions (67 horses) were more common in horses wearing unjointed bits than in horses wearing jointed bits (Fisher's exact test P < .001). Lesions in the buccal area and the inner lip commissures were not associated with bit type. Using a tongue‐tie or an overcheck, galloping, placement in the top three or money earned in the race were not associated with lesion risk.
Main limitations
The sample size for certain bit types was insufficient for statistical analysis.
Conclusions
Moderate and severe oral lesion status was more common in horses wearing a Crescendo bit, a mullen mouth regulator bit or a straight plastic bit than in horses wearing a single‐jointed snaffle trotting bit. However, lesions were observed regardless of bit type. Further studies on rein tension, the interaction between bit type and rein tension and prevention of mouth lesions in trotters are warranted.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0425-1644</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2042-3306</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/evj.13401</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33336423</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Analytical Clinical Studies ; Animals ; bit ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Finland - epidemiology ; harness racing ; horse, animal welfare ; Horses ; Mouth ; oral lesion ; Risk Factors ; trotter</subject><ispartof>Equine veterinary journal, 2021-11, Vol.53 (6), p.1132-1140</ispartof><rights>2021 The Authors. published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of EVJ Ltd.</rights><rights>2021 The Authors. Equine Veterinary Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of EVJ Ltd.</rights><rights>2021. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4431-b7b3a8230a28c427ba4b3d6421da45d89a235f5282383c89e2d7949c51c2a6013</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4431-b7b3a8230a28c427ba4b3d6421da45d89a235f5282383c89e2d7949c51c2a6013</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1449-7583 ; 0000-0002-4431-3346 ; 0000-0002-2984-1458 ; 0000-0003-4248-8983</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fevj.13401$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fevj.13401$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33336423$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tuomola, Kati</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mäki‐Kihniä, Nina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valros, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mykkänen, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kujala‐Wirth, Minna</creatorcontrib><title>Risk factors for bit‐related lesions in Finnish trotting horses</title><title>Equine veterinary journal</title><addtitle>Equine Vet J</addtitle><description>Background
Bit‐related lesions in competition horses have been documented, but little evidence exists concerning their potential risk factors.
Objectives
To explore potential risk factors for oral lesions in Finnish trotters.
Study design
Cross‐sectional study.
Methods
The rostral part of the mouth of 261 horses (151 Standardbreds, 78 Finnhorses and 32 ponies) was examined after a harness race. Information on bit type, equipment and race performance was collected.
Results
A multivariable logistic regression model of Standardbreds and Finnhorses showed a higher risk of moderate or severe oral lesion status associated with horses wearing a Crescendo bit (n = 38, OR 3.6, CI 1.4–8.9), a mullen mouth regulator bit (n = 25, OR 9.9, CI 2.2‐45) or a straight plastic bit (n = 14, OR 13.7, CI 1.75‐110) compared with horses wearing a snaffle trotting bit (n = 98, P = .002). Bar lesions (67 horses) were more common in horses wearing unjointed bits than in horses wearing jointed bits (Fisher's exact test P < .001). Lesions in the buccal area and the inner lip commissures were not associated with bit type. Using a tongue‐tie or an overcheck, galloping, placement in the top three or money earned in the race were not associated with lesion risk.
Main limitations
The sample size for certain bit types was insufficient for statistical analysis.
Conclusions
Moderate and severe oral lesion status was more common in horses wearing a Crescendo bit, a mullen mouth regulator bit or a straight plastic bit than in horses wearing a single‐jointed snaffle trotting bit. However, lesions were observed regardless of bit type. Further studies on rein tension, the interaction between bit type and rein tension and prevention of mouth lesions in trotters are warranted.</description><subject>Analytical Clinical Studies</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>bit</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Finland - epidemiology</subject><subject>harness racing</subject><subject>horse, animal welfare</subject><subject>Horses</subject><subject>Mouth</subject><subject>oral lesion</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>trotter</subject><issn>0425-1644</issn><issn>2042-3306</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kd1KwzAYhoMobk4PvAEpeKIHdflrm54IY2z-IAiinoY0TbfMLplJq-zMS_AavRKj06GC30kCefLkDS8A-wieoDB99TQ7QYRCtAG6GFIcEwLTTdAN2yRGKaUdsOP9DEJCMMXboEPCpBSTLhjcaP8QVUI21vmosi4qdPP28upULRpVRrXy2hofaRONtTHaT6PG2abRZhJNwxXld8FWJWqv9r7WHrgbj26H5_HV9dnFcHAVS0oJiousIIJhAgVmkuKsELQgZQiBSkGTkuUCk6RKcEAYkSxXuMxymssESSxSiEgPnK68i7aYq1Iq0zhR84XTc-GW3ArNf58YPeUT-8RZghhhLAiOvgTOPrbKN3yuvVR1LYyyreeYZoimWfL51uEfdGZbZ8L3OE6yHDMYYgbqeEVJZ713qlqHQZB_FMNDMfyzmMAe_Ey_Jr-bCEB_BTzrWi3_N_HR_eVK-Q5IKJdx</recordid><startdate>202111</startdate><enddate>202111</enddate><creator>Tuomola, Kati</creator><creator>Mäki‐Kihniä, Nina</creator><creator>Valros, Anna</creator><creator>Mykkänen, Anna</creator><creator>Kujala‐Wirth, Minna</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><general>John Wiley and Sons Inc</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1449-7583</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4431-3346</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2984-1458</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4248-8983</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202111</creationdate><title>Risk factors for bit‐related lesions in Finnish trotting horses</title><author>Tuomola, Kati ; Mäki‐Kihniä, Nina ; Valros, Anna ; Mykkänen, Anna ; Kujala‐Wirth, Minna</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4431-b7b3a8230a28c427ba4b3d6421da45d89a235f5282383c89e2d7949c51c2a6013</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Analytical Clinical Studies</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>bit</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Finland - epidemiology</topic><topic>harness racing</topic><topic>horse, animal welfare</topic><topic>Horses</topic><topic>Mouth</topic><topic>oral lesion</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>trotter</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tuomola, Kati</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mäki‐Kihniä, Nina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valros, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mykkänen, Anna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kujala‐Wirth, Minna</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley Online Library Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Equine veterinary journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tuomola, Kati</au><au>Mäki‐Kihniä, Nina</au><au>Valros, Anna</au><au>Mykkänen, Anna</au><au>Kujala‐Wirth, Minna</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Risk factors for bit‐related lesions in Finnish trotting horses</atitle><jtitle>Equine veterinary journal</jtitle><addtitle>Equine Vet J</addtitle><date>2021-11</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>53</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1132</spage><epage>1140</epage><pages>1132-1140</pages><issn>0425-1644</issn><eissn>2042-3306</eissn><abstract>Background
Bit‐related lesions in competition horses have been documented, but little evidence exists concerning their potential risk factors.
Objectives
To explore potential risk factors for oral lesions in Finnish trotters.
Study design
Cross‐sectional study.
Methods
The rostral part of the mouth of 261 horses (151 Standardbreds, 78 Finnhorses and 32 ponies) was examined after a harness race. Information on bit type, equipment and race performance was collected.
Results
A multivariable logistic regression model of Standardbreds and Finnhorses showed a higher risk of moderate or severe oral lesion status associated with horses wearing a Crescendo bit (n = 38, OR 3.6, CI 1.4–8.9), a mullen mouth regulator bit (n = 25, OR 9.9, CI 2.2‐45) or a straight plastic bit (n = 14, OR 13.7, CI 1.75‐110) compared with horses wearing a snaffle trotting bit (n = 98, P = .002). Bar lesions (67 horses) were more common in horses wearing unjointed bits than in horses wearing jointed bits (Fisher's exact test P < .001). Lesions in the buccal area and the inner lip commissures were not associated with bit type. Using a tongue‐tie or an overcheck, galloping, placement in the top three or money earned in the race were not associated with lesion risk.
Main limitations
The sample size for certain bit types was insufficient for statistical analysis.
Conclusions
Moderate and severe oral lesion status was more common in horses wearing a Crescendo bit, a mullen mouth regulator bit or a straight plastic bit than in horses wearing a single‐jointed snaffle trotting bit. However, lesions were observed regardless of bit type. Further studies on rein tension, the interaction between bit type and rein tension and prevention of mouth lesions in trotters are warranted.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>33336423</pmid><doi>10.1111/evj.13401</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1449-7583</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4431-3346</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2984-1458</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4248-8983</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Equine veterinary journal, 2021-11, Vol.53 (6), p.1132-1140 |
| issn | 0425-1644 2042-3306 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Analytical Clinical Studies Animals bit Cross-Sectional Studies Finland - epidemiology harness racing horse, animal welfare Horses Mouth oral lesion Risk Factors trotter |
| title | Risk factors for bit‐related lesions in Finnish trotting horses |
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