Structural and Dipole-Relaxation Processes in Epoxy-Multilayer Graphene Composites with Low Filler Content
Multilayered graphene nanoplatelets (MLGs) were prepared from thermally expanded graphite flakes using an electrochemical technique. Morphological characterization of MLGs was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), and the Bruna...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Polymers 2021-09, Vol.13 (19), p.3360 |
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| creator | Gorelov, Borys M Mischanchuk, Oleksandr V Sigareva, Nadia V Shulga, Sergey V Gorb, Alla M Polovina, Oleksiy I Yukhymchuk, Volodymyr O |
| description | Multilayered graphene nanoplatelets (MLGs) were prepared from thermally expanded graphite flakes using an electrochemical technique. Morphological characterization of MLGs was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. DGEBA-epoxy-based nanocomposites filled with synthesized MLGs were studied using Static Mechanical Loading (SML), Thermal Desorption Mass Spectroscopy (TDMS), Broad-Band Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS), and Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS). The mass loading of the MLGs in the nanocomposites was varied between 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1% in the case of the SML study and 0.0, 1.0, 2, and 5% for the other measurements. Enhancements in the compression strength and the Young's modulus were obtained at extremely low loadings (C≤ 0.01%). An essential increase in thermal stability and a decrease in destruction activation energy were observed at C≤ 5%. Both the dielectric permittivity (ε1) and the dielectric loss factor (ε2) increased with increasing C over the entire frequency region tested (4 Hz-8 MHz). Increased ε2 is correlated with decreased free volume when increasing C. Physical mechanisms of MLG-epoxy interactions underlying the effects observed are discussed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/polym13193360 |
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Morphological characterization of MLGs was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. DGEBA-epoxy-based nanocomposites filled with synthesized MLGs were studied using Static Mechanical Loading (SML), Thermal Desorption Mass Spectroscopy (TDMS), Broad-Band Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS), and Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS). The mass loading of the MLGs in the nanocomposites was varied between 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1% in the case of the SML study and 0.0, 1.0, 2, and 5% for the other measurements. Enhancements in the compression strength and the Young's modulus were obtained at extremely low loadings (C≤ 0.01%). An essential increase in thermal stability and a decrease in destruction activation energy were observed at C≤ 5%. Both the dielectric permittivity (ε1) and the dielectric loss factor (ε2) increased with increasing C over the entire frequency region tested (4 Hz-8 MHz). Increased ε2 is correlated with decreased free volume when increasing C. Physical mechanisms of MLG-epoxy interactions underlying the effects observed are discussed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/polym13193360</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34641174</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Compressive strength ; Dielectric loss ; Dielectric properties ; Dielectrics ; Dipoles ; Electrochemical analysis ; Epoxy resins ; Graphene ; Graphite ; Heat resistance ; Mass spectrometry ; Modulus of elasticity ; Molecular structure ; Morphology ; Multilayers ; Nanocomposites ; Nanoparticles ; Polymers ; Positron annihilation ; Raman spectroscopy ; Scientific imaging ; Thermal stability</subject><ispartof>Polymers, 2021-09, Vol.13 (19), p.3360</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3300-93195758fb57709e0d132bad1f773d5508f89555de17e70795d18af66aae0b073</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3300-93195758fb57709e0d132bad1f773d5508f89555de17e70795d18af66aae0b073</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5573-3696</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8512419/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8512419/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27923,27924,53790,53792</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34641174$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gorelov, Borys M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mischanchuk, Oleksandr V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sigareva, Nadia V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shulga, Sergey V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gorb, Alla M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Polovina, Oleksiy I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yukhymchuk, Volodymyr O</creatorcontrib><title>Structural and Dipole-Relaxation Processes in Epoxy-Multilayer Graphene Composites with Low Filler Content</title><title>Polymers</title><addtitle>Polymers (Basel)</addtitle><description>Multilayered graphene nanoplatelets (MLGs) were prepared from thermally expanded graphite flakes using an electrochemical technique. Morphological characterization of MLGs was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. DGEBA-epoxy-based nanocomposites filled with synthesized MLGs were studied using Static Mechanical Loading (SML), Thermal Desorption Mass Spectroscopy (TDMS), Broad-Band Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS), and Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS). The mass loading of the MLGs in the nanocomposites was varied between 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1% in the case of the SML study and 0.0, 1.0, 2, and 5% for the other measurements. Enhancements in the compression strength and the Young's modulus were obtained at extremely low loadings (C≤ 0.01%). An essential increase in thermal stability and a decrease in destruction activation energy were observed at C≤ 5%. Both the dielectric permittivity (ε1) and the dielectric loss factor (ε2) increased with increasing C over the entire frequency region tested (4 Hz-8 MHz). Increased ε2 is correlated with decreased free volume when increasing C. Physical mechanisms of MLG-epoxy interactions underlying the effects observed are discussed.</description><subject>Compressive strength</subject><subject>Dielectric loss</subject><subject>Dielectric properties</subject><subject>Dielectrics</subject><subject>Dipoles</subject><subject>Electrochemical analysis</subject><subject>Epoxy resins</subject><subject>Graphene</subject><subject>Graphite</subject><subject>Heat resistance</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Modulus of elasticity</subject><subject>Molecular structure</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Multilayers</subject><subject>Nanocomposites</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Positron annihilation</subject><subject>Raman spectroscopy</subject><subject>Scientific imaging</subject><subject>Thermal stability</subject><issn>2073-4360</issn><issn>2073-4360</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkc1rHCEYhyW0NGGbY69ByCWXaXUdR70UwuajhQ0t-TiLO_NO18XRiTpN9r-vSz5I6sUXfPjp4w-hL5R8ZUyRb2Nw24EyqhhryB46mBPBqrrMH97M--gwpQ0pq-ZNQ8UntM_qpqZU1Adoc5Pj1OYpGoeN7_CZLZlQXYMzjybb4PHvGFpICRK2Hp-P4XFbXU0uW2e2EPFlNOMaPOBFGMaQbC7cg81rvAwP-MI6V5hF8Bl8_ow-9sYlOHzeZ-ju4vx28aNa_rr8uThdVi1jhFSq6HDBZb_iQhAFpKNsvjId7YVgHedE9lJxzjugAgQRindUmr5pjAGyKtIz9P0pd5xWA3RtubrY6THawcStDsbq9yfervWf8FdLTud1-csZOnkOiOF-gpT1YFMLzhkPYUp6ziUVSjVSFvT4P3QTpuiL3o4iStaM7AKrJ6qNIaUI_etjKNG7IvW7Igt_9NbglX6pjf0DLp-auw</recordid><startdate>20210930</startdate><enddate>20210930</enddate><creator>Gorelov, Borys M</creator><creator>Mischanchuk, Oleksandr V</creator><creator>Sigareva, Nadia V</creator><creator>Shulga, Sergey V</creator><creator>Gorb, Alla M</creator><creator>Polovina, Oleksiy I</creator><creator>Yukhymchuk, Volodymyr O</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5573-3696</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210930</creationdate><title>Structural and Dipole-Relaxation Processes in Epoxy-Multilayer Graphene Composites with Low Filler Content</title><author>Gorelov, Borys M ; Mischanchuk, Oleksandr V ; Sigareva, Nadia V ; Shulga, Sergey V ; Gorb, Alla M ; Polovina, Oleksiy I ; Yukhymchuk, Volodymyr O</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3300-93195758fb57709e0d132bad1f773d5508f89555de17e70795d18af66aae0b073</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Compressive strength</topic><topic>Dielectric loss</topic><topic>Dielectric properties</topic><topic>Dielectrics</topic><topic>Dipoles</topic><topic>Electrochemical analysis</topic><topic>Epoxy resins</topic><topic>Graphene</topic><topic>Graphite</topic><topic>Heat resistance</topic><topic>Mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Modulus of elasticity</topic><topic>Molecular structure</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Multilayers</topic><topic>Nanocomposites</topic><topic>Nanoparticles</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Positron annihilation</topic><topic>Raman spectroscopy</topic><topic>Scientific imaging</topic><topic>Thermal stability</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gorelov, Borys M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mischanchuk, Oleksandr V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sigareva, Nadia V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shulga, Sergey V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gorb, Alla M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Polovina, Oleksiy I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yukhymchuk, Volodymyr O</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Polymers</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gorelov, Borys M</au><au>Mischanchuk, Oleksandr V</au><au>Sigareva, Nadia V</au><au>Shulga, Sergey V</au><au>Gorb, Alla M</au><au>Polovina, Oleksiy I</au><au>Yukhymchuk, Volodymyr O</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Structural and Dipole-Relaxation Processes in Epoxy-Multilayer Graphene Composites with Low Filler Content</atitle><jtitle>Polymers</jtitle><addtitle>Polymers (Basel)</addtitle><date>2021-09-30</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>19</issue><spage>3360</spage><pages>3360-</pages><issn>2073-4360</issn><eissn>2073-4360</eissn><abstract>Multilayered graphene nanoplatelets (MLGs) were prepared from thermally expanded graphite flakes using an electrochemical technique. Morphological characterization of MLGs was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. DGEBA-epoxy-based nanocomposites filled with synthesized MLGs were studied using Static Mechanical Loading (SML), Thermal Desorption Mass Spectroscopy (TDMS), Broad-Band Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS), and Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS). The mass loading of the MLGs in the nanocomposites was varied between 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1% in the case of the SML study and 0.0, 1.0, 2, and 5% for the other measurements. Enhancements in the compression strength and the Young's modulus were obtained at extremely low loadings (C≤ 0.01%). An essential increase in thermal stability and a decrease in destruction activation energy were observed at C≤ 5%. Both the dielectric permittivity (ε1) and the dielectric loss factor (ε2) increased with increasing C over the entire frequency region tested (4 Hz-8 MHz). Increased ε2 is correlated with decreased free volume when increasing C. Physical mechanisms of MLG-epoxy interactions underlying the effects observed are discussed.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>34641174</pmid><doi>10.3390/polym13193360</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5573-3696</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Compressive strength Dielectric loss Dielectric properties Dielectrics Dipoles Electrochemical analysis Epoxy resins Graphene Graphite Heat resistance Mass spectrometry Modulus of elasticity Molecular structure Morphology Multilayers Nanocomposites Nanoparticles Polymers Positron annihilation Raman spectroscopy Scientific imaging Thermal stability |
| title | Structural and Dipole-Relaxation Processes in Epoxy-Multilayer Graphene Composites with Low Filler Content |
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