Molecular Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy for Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous, clonal hematological disorder characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, cytopenia, morphologic dysplasia, and predisposition to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Stem cell genomic instability, microenvironmental aberrations, and somatic mutations cont...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of molecular sciences 2021-10, Vol.22 (19), p.10232 |
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| creator | Lee, Paul Yim, Rita Yung, Yammy Chu, Hiu-Tung Yip, Pui-Kwan Gill, Harinder |
| description | Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous, clonal hematological disorder characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, cytopenia, morphologic dysplasia, and predisposition to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Stem cell genomic instability, microenvironmental aberrations, and somatic mutations contribute to leukemic transformation. The hypomethylating agents (HMAs), azacitidine and decitabine are the standard of care for patients with higher-risk MDS. Although these agents induce responses in up to 40–60% of patients, primary or secondary drug resistance is relatively common. To improve the treatment outcome, combinational therapies comprising HMA with targeted therapy or immunotherapy are being evaluated and are under continuous development. This review provides a comprehensive update of the molecular pathogenesis and immune-dysregulations involved in MDS, mechanisms of resistance to HMA, and strategies to overcome HMA resistance. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijms221910232 |
| format | Article |
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Stem cell genomic instability, microenvironmental aberrations, and somatic mutations contribute to leukemic transformation. The hypomethylating agents (HMAs), azacitidine and decitabine are the standard of care for patients with higher-risk MDS. Although these agents induce responses in up to 40–60% of patients, primary or secondary drug resistance is relatively common. To improve the treatment outcome, combinational therapies comprising HMA with targeted therapy or immunotherapy are being evaluated and are under continuous development. 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| subjects | 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine Acute myeloid leukemia Anemia Cell division Chromosomes Drug resistance Dysplasia Epigenetics Genomic instability Hematological diseases Hematology Hematopoiesis Immunotherapy Kinases Leukemia Medical prognosis Mutation Myelodysplastic syndrome Myelodysplastic syndromes Myeloid leukemia Patients Proteins Review Signal transduction Stem cells |
| title | Molecular Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy for Myelodysplastic Syndrome |
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