Extracellular vesicles from human iPSCs enhance reconstitution capacity of cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Cord blood (CB) represents a source of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (CB-HSPCs) for bone marrow (BM) reconstitution, but clinical CB application is limited in adult patients due to the insufficient number of CB-HSCPCs and the lack of effective ex vivo approaches to increase CB-HSPC functio...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Leukemia 2021-10, Vol.35 (10), p.2964-2977 |
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creator | Karnas, Elżbieta Sekuła-Stryjewska, Małgorzata Kmiotek-Wasylewska, Katarzyna Bobis-Wozowicz, Sylwia Ryszawy, Damian Sarna, Michał Madeja, Zbigniew Zuba-Surma, Ewa K. |
description | Cord blood (CB) represents a source of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (CB-HSPCs) for bone marrow (BM) reconstitution, but clinical CB application is limited in adult patients due to the insufficient number of CB-HSCPCs and the lack of effective ex vivo approaches to increase CB-HSPC functionality. Since human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been indicated as donor cells for bioactive extracellular vesicles (EVs) modulating properties of other cells, we are the first to employ hiPSC-derived EVs (hiPSC-EVs) to enhance the hematopoietic potential of CB-derived CD45
dim
Lin
-
CD34
+
cell fraction enriched in CB-HSPCs. We demonstrated that hiPSC-EVs improved functional properties of CB-HSPCs critical for their hematopoietic capacity including metabolic, hematopoietic and clonogenic potential as well as survival, chemotactic response to stromal cell-derived factor 1 and adhesion to the model components of hematopoietic niche in vitro. Moreover, hiPSC-EVs enhanced homing and engraftment of CB-HSPCs in vivo. This phenomenon might be related to activation of signaling pathways in CB-HSPCs following hiPSC-EV treatment, as shown on both gene expression and the protein kinases activity levels. In conclusion, hiPSC-EVs might be used as ex vivo modulators of CB-HSPCs capacity to enhance their functional properties and augment future practical applications of CB-derived cells in BM reconstitution. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41375-021-01325-y |
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dim
Lin
-
CD34
+
cell fraction enriched in CB-HSPCs. We demonstrated that hiPSC-EVs improved functional properties of CB-HSPCs critical for their hematopoietic capacity including metabolic, hematopoietic and clonogenic potential as well as survival, chemotactic response to stromal cell-derived factor 1 and adhesion to the model components of hematopoietic niche in vitro. Moreover, hiPSC-EVs enhanced homing and engraftment of CB-HSPCs in vivo. This phenomenon might be related to activation of signaling pathways in CB-HSPCs following hiPSC-EV treatment, as shown on both gene expression and the protein kinases activity levels. In conclusion, hiPSC-EVs might be used as ex vivo modulators of CB-HSPCs capacity to enhance their functional properties and augment future practical applications of CB-derived cells in BM reconstitution.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0887-6924</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5551</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01325-y</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34140648</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>13/100 ; 13/106 ; 13/2 ; 13/31 ; 14/3 ; 38/39 ; 38/77 ; 631/532/1542 ; 631/61/490 ; 631/80/86 ; 64/60 ; 692/700/565/2319 ; 96/95 ; Animals ; Antigens, CD34 - metabolism ; Blood ; Bone marrow ; Cancer Research ; CD34 antigen ; Chemotactic response ; Cord blood ; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation - methods ; Critical Care Medicine ; Extracellular vesicles ; Extracellular Vesicles - transplantation ; Fetal Blood - cytology ; Gene expression ; Hematology ; Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation - methods ; Hematopoietic stem cells ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells - cytology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells - physiology ; Human influences ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - cytology ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - physiology ; Intensive ; Internal Medicine ; Kinases ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, SCID ; Modulators ; Oncology ; Osteoprogenitor cells ; Pluripotency ; Progenitor cells ; Protein kinase ; SDF-1 protein ; Stem cell transplantation ; Stem cells ; Vesicles</subject><ispartof>Leukemia, 2021-10, Vol.35 (10), p.2964-2977</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2021</rights><rights>2021. The Author(s).</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Nature Publishing Group</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2021. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c572t-733aad91c341eb0b7959685724df8cbf9adc528526622e78280fc5c1a1eab5cf3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c572t-733aad91c341eb0b7959685724df8cbf9adc528526622e78280fc5c1a1eab5cf3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-9956-1593 ; 0000-0002-2200-6767 ; 0000-0001-6814-6127</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/s41375-021-01325-y$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1038/s41375-021-01325-y$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27903,27904,41467,42536,51298</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34140648$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Karnas, Elżbieta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sekuła-Stryjewska, Małgorzata</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kmiotek-Wasylewska, Katarzyna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bobis-Wozowicz, Sylwia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ryszawy, Damian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sarna, Michał</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Madeja, Zbigniew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zuba-Surma, Ewa K.</creatorcontrib><title>Extracellular vesicles from human iPSCs enhance reconstitution capacity of cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells</title><title>Leukemia</title><addtitle>Leukemia</addtitle><addtitle>Leukemia</addtitle><description>Cord blood (CB) represents a source of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (CB-HSPCs) for bone marrow (BM) reconstitution, but clinical CB application is limited in adult patients due to the insufficient number of CB-HSCPCs and the lack of effective ex vivo approaches to increase CB-HSPC functionality. Since human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been indicated as donor cells for bioactive extracellular vesicles (EVs) modulating properties of other cells, we are the first to employ hiPSC-derived EVs (hiPSC-EVs) to enhance the hematopoietic potential of CB-derived CD45
dim
Lin
-
CD34
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cytology</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Hematology</subject><subject>Hematopoiesis</subject><subject>Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation - methods</subject><subject>Hematopoietic stem cells</subject><subject>Hematopoietic Stem Cells - cytology</subject><subject>Hematopoietic Stem Cells - physiology</subject><subject>Human influences</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - cytology</subject><subject>Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - physiology</subject><subject>Intensive</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Kinases</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred NOD</subject><subject>Mice, SCID</subject><subject>Modulators</subject><subject>Oncology</subject><subject>Osteoprogenitor cells</subject><subject>Pluripotency</subject><subject>Progenitor cells</subject><subject>Protein kinase</subject><subject>SDF-1 protein</subject><subject>Stem cell transplantation</subject><subject>Stem cells</subject><subject>Vesicles</subject><issn>0887-6924</issn><issn>1476-5551</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kt-K1DAUxoso7rj6Al5IQBBvuiZp0mRuhGVY_8CCgnod0vR0mqVNapIOzgP43qY767gjIrkI5PudLzk5X1E8J_iC4Eq-iYxUgpeYkhKTivJy_6BYESbqknNOHhYrLKUo6zVlZ8WTGG8wXsT6cXFWMcJwzeSq-Hn1IwVtYBjmQQe0g2jNABF1wY-on0ftkP38ZRMRuF47AyiA8S4mm-ZkvUNGT9rYtEe-Q8aHFjWD923ZQrA7aFEPo05-8haSNSgmGJF2LZqC34KzyQe0XB2fFo86PUR4drefF9_eXX3dfCivP73_uLm8Lg0XNJWiqrRu18Tk90ODG7Hm61pmibWdNE231q3hVHJa15SCkFTiznBDNAHdcNNV58Xbg-80NyO0BlxuflBTsKMOe-W1VaeKs73a-p2STMiai2zw-s4g-O8zxKRGG5cWtAM_R0U5qxhnAsuMvvwLvfFzcLm9TAlBCcd5fkdqqwdQ1nV-Gcdiqi5rIQgWUlaZuvgHlVcLo83zgM7m85OCV_cKetBD6qMfbmcWT0F6AE3wMQbojp9BsFpSpg4pUzll6jZlap-LXtz_xmPJ71hloDoAMUtuC-FP7_-x_QV979-F</recordid><startdate>20211001</startdate><enddate>20211001</enddate><creator>Karnas, Elżbieta</creator><creator>Sekuła-Stryjewska, Małgorzata</creator><creator>Kmiotek-Wasylewska, Katarzyna</creator><creator>Bobis-Wozowicz, Sylwia</creator><creator>Ryszawy, Damian</creator><creator>Sarna, Michał</creator><creator>Madeja, Zbigniew</creator><creator>Zuba-Surma, Ewa K.</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9956-1593</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2200-6767</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6814-6127</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211001</creationdate><title>Extracellular vesicles from human iPSCs enhance reconstitution capacity of cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells</title><author>Karnas, Elżbieta ; Sekuła-Stryjewska, Małgorzata ; Kmiotek-Wasylewska, Katarzyna ; Bobis-Wozowicz, Sylwia ; Ryszawy, Damian ; Sarna, Michał ; Madeja, Zbigniew ; Zuba-Surma, Ewa K.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c572t-733aad91c341eb0b7959685724df8cbf9adc528526622e78280fc5c1a1eab5cf3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>13/100</topic><topic>13/106</topic><topic>13/2</topic><topic>13/31</topic><topic>14/3</topic><topic>38/39</topic><topic>38/77</topic><topic>631/532/1542</topic><topic>631/61/490</topic><topic>631/80/86</topic><topic>64/60</topic><topic>692/700/565/2319</topic><topic>96/95</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antigens, CD34 - metabolism</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Bone marrow</topic><topic>Cancer Research</topic><topic>CD34 antigen</topic><topic>Chemotactic response</topic><topic>Cord blood</topic><topic>Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation - methods</topic><topic>Critical Care Medicine</topic><topic>Extracellular vesicles</topic><topic>Extracellular Vesicles - transplantation</topic><topic>Fetal Blood - cytology</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Hematology</topic><topic>Hematopoiesis</topic><topic>Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation - methods</topic><topic>Hematopoietic stem cells</topic><topic>Hematopoietic Stem Cells - cytology</topic><topic>Hematopoietic Stem Cells - physiology</topic><topic>Human influences</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - cytology</topic><topic>Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - physiology</topic><topic>Intensive</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Kinases</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred NOD</topic><topic>Mice, SCID</topic><topic>Modulators</topic><topic>Oncology</topic><topic>Osteoprogenitor cells</topic><topic>Pluripotency</topic><topic>Progenitor cells</topic><topic>Protein kinase</topic><topic>SDF-1 protein</topic><topic>Stem cell transplantation</topic><topic>Stem cells</topic><topic>Vesicles</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Karnas, Elżbieta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sekuła-Stryjewska, Małgorzata</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kmiotek-Wasylewska, Katarzyna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bobis-Wozowicz, Sylwia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ryszawy, Damian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sarna, Michał</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Madeja, Zbigniew</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zuba-Surma, Ewa K.</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Proquest Nursing & Allied Health Source</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Leukemia</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Karnas, Elżbieta</au><au>Sekuła-Stryjewska, Małgorzata</au><au>Kmiotek-Wasylewska, Katarzyna</au><au>Bobis-Wozowicz, Sylwia</au><au>Ryszawy, Damian</au><au>Sarna, Michał</au><au>Madeja, Zbigniew</au><au>Zuba-Surma, Ewa K.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Extracellular vesicles from human iPSCs enhance reconstitution capacity of cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells</atitle><jtitle>Leukemia</jtitle><stitle>Leukemia</stitle><addtitle>Leukemia</addtitle><date>2021-10-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>35</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>2964</spage><epage>2977</epage><pages>2964-2977</pages><issn>0887-6924</issn><eissn>1476-5551</eissn><abstract>Cord blood (CB) represents a source of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (CB-HSPCs) for bone marrow (BM) reconstitution, but clinical CB application is limited in adult patients due to the insufficient number of CB-HSCPCs and the lack of effective ex vivo approaches to increase CB-HSPC functionality. Since human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been indicated as donor cells for bioactive extracellular vesicles (EVs) modulating properties of other cells, we are the first to employ hiPSC-derived EVs (hiPSC-EVs) to enhance the hematopoietic potential of CB-derived CD45
dim
Lin
-
CD34
+
cell fraction enriched in CB-HSPCs. We demonstrated that hiPSC-EVs improved functional properties of CB-HSPCs critical for their hematopoietic capacity including metabolic, hematopoietic and clonogenic potential as well as survival, chemotactic response to stromal cell-derived factor 1 and adhesion to the model components of hematopoietic niche in vitro. Moreover, hiPSC-EVs enhanced homing and engraftment of CB-HSPCs in vivo. This phenomenon might be related to activation of signaling pathways in CB-HSPCs following hiPSC-EV treatment, as shown on both gene expression and the protein kinases activity levels. In conclusion, hiPSC-EVs might be used as ex vivo modulators of CB-HSPCs capacity to enhance their functional properties and augment future practical applications of CB-derived cells in BM reconstitution.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>34140648</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41375-021-01325-y</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9956-1593</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2200-6767</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6814-6127</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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source | MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
subjects | 13/100 13/106 13/2 13/31 14/3 38/39 38/77 631/532/1542 631/61/490 631/80/86 64/60 692/700/565/2319 96/95 Animals Antigens, CD34 - metabolism Blood Bone marrow Cancer Research CD34 antigen Chemotactic response Cord blood Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation - methods Critical Care Medicine Extracellular vesicles Extracellular Vesicles - transplantation Fetal Blood - cytology Gene expression Hematology Hematopoiesis Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation - methods Hematopoietic stem cells Hematopoietic Stem Cells - cytology Hematopoietic Stem Cells - physiology Human influences Humans Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - cytology Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - physiology Intensive Internal Medicine Kinases Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Mice Mice, Inbred NOD Mice, SCID Modulators Oncology Osteoprogenitor cells Pluripotency Progenitor cells Protein kinase SDF-1 protein Stem cell transplantation Stem cells Vesicles |
title | Extracellular vesicles from human iPSCs enhance reconstitution capacity of cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-22T20%3A56%3A46IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Extracellular%20vesicles%20from%20human%20iPSCs%20enhance%20reconstitution%20capacity%20of%20cord%20blood-derived%20hematopoietic%20stem%20and%20progenitor%20cells&rft.jtitle=Leukemia&rft.au=Karnas,%20El%C5%BCbieta&rft.date=2021-10-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2964&rft.epage=2977&rft.pages=2964-2977&rft.issn=0887-6924&rft.eissn=1476-5551&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038/s41375-021-01325-y&rft_dat=%3Cgale_pubme%3EA677107883%3C/gale_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2577215041&rft_id=info:pmid/34140648&rft_galeid=A677107883&rfr_iscdi=true |