Low 25(OH)D Level Is Associated with Severe Course and Poor Prognosis in COVID-19
We evaluated associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level and severity of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in hospitalized patients. We assessed serum 25(OH)D level in 133 patients aged 21-93 years. Twenty-five (19%) patients had severe disease, 108 patients (81%) had moderate...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Nutrients 2021-08, Vol.13 (9), p.3021 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 9 |
| container_start_page | 3021 |
| container_title | Nutrients |
| container_volume | 13 |
| creator | Karonova, Tatiana L Andreeva, Alena T Golovatuk, Ksenia A Bykova, Ekaterina S Simanenkova, Anna V Vashukova, Maria A Grant, William B Shlyakhto, Evgeny V |
| description | We evaluated associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level and severity of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in hospitalized patients. We assessed serum 25(OH)D level in 133 patients aged 21-93 years. Twenty-five (19%) patients had severe disease, 108 patients (81%) had moderate disease, and 18 (14%) patients died. 25(OH)D level ranged from 3.0 to 97.0 ng/mL (median, 13.5 [25%; 75%, 9.6; 23.3] ng/mL). Vitamin D deficiency was diagnosed in 90 patients, including 37 with severe deficiency. In patients with severe course of disease, 25(OH)D level was lower (median, 9.7 [25%; 75%, 6.0; 14.9] ng/mL), and vitamin D deficiency was more common than in patients with moderate course (median, 14.6 [25%; 75%, 10.6; 24.4] ng/mL,
= 0.003). In patients who died, 25(OH)D was 9.6 [25%; 75%, 6.0; 11.5] ng/mL, compared with 14.8 [25%; 75%, 10.1; 24.3] ng/mL in discharged patients (
= 0.001). Severe vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased risk of COVID-19 severity and fatal outcome. The threshold for 25(OH)D level associated with increased risk of severe course was 11.7 ng/mL. Approximately the same 25(OH)D level, 10.9 ng/mL, was associated with increased risk of mortality. Thus, most COVID-19 patients have vitamin D deficiency; severe vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of COVID-19 severity and fatal outcome. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/nu13093021 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8468115</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2576476275</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-7c469adb6c5c0ba145c2bb23f8dded128d76783da4a930c8e2ce54f4a16d337b3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkVtLAzEQhYMoWrQv_gAJ-FKF1dw2yb4IpV5aKLTi5TVkk7Tdst3UZFfx37tFrZd5mYH5OMyZA8AxRheUZuiyajBFGUUE74AOQYIknDO6-2s-AN0Yl2hTAglO98EBZamQMpMdcD_2b5Ckvcnw7BqO3asr4SjCfozeFLp2Fr4V9QI-tIvg4MA3ITqoKwun3gc4DX5e-VhEWFRwMHkeXSc4OwJ7M11G1_3qh-Dp9uZxMEzGk7vRoD9ODEO8ToRhPNM25yY1KNeYpYbkOaEzaa2zmEgruJDUaqZbd0Y6YlzKZkxjbikVOT0EV5-66yZfOWtcVQddqnUoVjq8K68L9XdTFQs1969KMi4xTluB3pdA8C-Ni7VaFdG4stSV801UJBWCpYhh0qKn_9Bl-4qqtbehOBOciI3g-Sdlgo8xuNn2GIzUJiz1E1YLn_w-f4t-R0M_AJkFjOA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2576476275</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Low 25(OH)D Level Is Associated with Severe Course and Poor Prognosis in COVID-19</title><source>MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><creator>Karonova, Tatiana L ; Andreeva, Alena T ; Golovatuk, Ksenia A ; Bykova, Ekaterina S ; Simanenkova, Anna V ; Vashukova, Maria A ; Grant, William B ; Shlyakhto, Evgeny V</creator><creatorcontrib>Karonova, Tatiana L ; Andreeva, Alena T ; Golovatuk, Ksenia A ; Bykova, Ekaterina S ; Simanenkova, Anna V ; Vashukova, Maria A ; Grant, William B ; Shlyakhto, Evgeny V</creatorcontrib><description>We evaluated associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level and severity of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in hospitalized patients. We assessed serum 25(OH)D level in 133 patients aged 21-93 years. Twenty-five (19%) patients had severe disease, 108 patients (81%) had moderate disease, and 18 (14%) patients died. 25(OH)D level ranged from 3.0 to 97.0 ng/mL (median, 13.5 [25%; 75%, 9.6; 23.3] ng/mL). Vitamin D deficiency was diagnosed in 90 patients, including 37 with severe deficiency. In patients with severe course of disease, 25(OH)D level was lower (median, 9.7 [25%; 75%, 6.0; 14.9] ng/mL), and vitamin D deficiency was more common than in patients with moderate course (median, 14.6 [25%; 75%, 10.6; 24.4] ng/mL,
= 0.003). In patients who died, 25(OH)D was 9.6 [25%; 75%, 6.0; 11.5] ng/mL, compared with 14.8 [25%; 75%, 10.1; 24.3] ng/mL in discharged patients (
= 0.001). Severe vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased risk of COVID-19 severity and fatal outcome. The threshold for 25(OH)D level associated with increased risk of severe course was 11.7 ng/mL. Approximately the same 25(OH)D level, 10.9 ng/mL, was associated with increased risk of mortality. Thus, most COVID-19 patients have vitamin D deficiency; severe vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of COVID-19 severity and fatal outcome.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/nu13093021</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34578898</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>25-Hydroxyvitamin D ; Aged ; Bacterial infections ; Biochemistry ; Calciferol ; Cardiovascular disease ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - blood ; COVID-19 - complications ; COVID-19 - mortality ; Cytokines ; Diabetes ; Enzymes ; Fatalities ; Female ; Glucose ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infections ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutritional Status ; Obesity ; Pneumonia ; Prognosis ; Risk ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Severity of Illness Index ; Viral infections ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives ; Vitamin D - blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency - blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency - mortality ; Vitamin D Deficiency - virology ; Vitamin deficiency</subject><ispartof>Nutrients, 2021-08, Vol.13 (9), p.3021</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-7c469adb6c5c0ba145c2bb23f8dded128d76783da4a930c8e2ce54f4a16d337b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-7c469adb6c5c0ba145c2bb23f8dded128d76783da4a930c8e2ce54f4a16d337b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4878-6909 ; 0000-0002-1439-3285 ; 0000-0003-3300-1280</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8468115/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8468115/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34578898$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Karonova, Tatiana L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andreeva, Alena T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Golovatuk, Ksenia A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bykova, Ekaterina S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simanenkova, Anna V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vashukova, Maria A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grant, William B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shlyakhto, Evgeny V</creatorcontrib><title>Low 25(OH)D Level Is Associated with Severe Course and Poor Prognosis in COVID-19</title><title>Nutrients</title><addtitle>Nutrients</addtitle><description>We evaluated associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level and severity of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in hospitalized patients. We assessed serum 25(OH)D level in 133 patients aged 21-93 years. Twenty-five (19%) patients had severe disease, 108 patients (81%) had moderate disease, and 18 (14%) patients died. 25(OH)D level ranged from 3.0 to 97.0 ng/mL (median, 13.5 [25%; 75%, 9.6; 23.3] ng/mL). Vitamin D deficiency was diagnosed in 90 patients, including 37 with severe deficiency. In patients with severe course of disease, 25(OH)D level was lower (median, 9.7 [25%; 75%, 6.0; 14.9] ng/mL), and vitamin D deficiency was more common than in patients with moderate course (median, 14.6 [25%; 75%, 10.6; 24.4] ng/mL,
= 0.003). In patients who died, 25(OH)D was 9.6 [25%; 75%, 6.0; 11.5] ng/mL, compared with 14.8 [25%; 75%, 10.1; 24.3] ng/mL in discharged patients (
= 0.001). Severe vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased risk of COVID-19 severity and fatal outcome. The threshold for 25(OH)D level associated with increased risk of severe course was 11.7 ng/mL. Approximately the same 25(OH)D level, 10.9 ng/mL, was associated with increased risk of mortality. Thus, most COVID-19 patients have vitamin D deficiency; severe vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of COVID-19 severity and fatal outcome.</description><subject>25-Hydroxyvitamin D</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Bacterial infections</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Calciferol</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - blood</subject><subject>COVID-19 - complications</subject><subject>COVID-19 - mortality</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Fatalities</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Glucose</subject><subject>Hospitalization</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Nutritional Status</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Pneumonia</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>Risk</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Severity of Illness Index</subject><subject>Viral infections</subject><subject>Vitamin D</subject><subject>Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Vitamin D - blood</subject><subject>Vitamin D Deficiency - blood</subject><subject>Vitamin D Deficiency - mortality</subject><subject>Vitamin D Deficiency - virology</subject><subject>Vitamin deficiency</subject><issn>2072-6643</issn><issn>2072-6643</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkVtLAzEQhYMoWrQv_gAJ-FKF1dw2yb4IpV5aKLTi5TVkk7Tdst3UZFfx37tFrZd5mYH5OMyZA8AxRheUZuiyajBFGUUE74AOQYIknDO6-2s-AN0Yl2hTAglO98EBZamQMpMdcD_2b5Ckvcnw7BqO3asr4SjCfozeFLp2Fr4V9QI-tIvg4MA3ITqoKwun3gc4DX5e-VhEWFRwMHkeXSc4OwJ7M11G1_3qh-Dp9uZxMEzGk7vRoD9ODEO8ToRhPNM25yY1KNeYpYbkOaEzaa2zmEgruJDUaqZbd0Y6YlzKZkxjbikVOT0EV5-66yZfOWtcVQddqnUoVjq8K68L9XdTFQs1969KMi4xTluB3pdA8C-Ni7VaFdG4stSV801UJBWCpYhh0qKn_9Bl-4qqtbehOBOciI3g-Sdlgo8xuNn2GIzUJiz1E1YLn_w-f4t-R0M_AJkFjOA</recordid><startdate>20210829</startdate><enddate>20210829</enddate><creator>Karonova, Tatiana L</creator><creator>Andreeva, Alena T</creator><creator>Golovatuk, Ksenia A</creator><creator>Bykova, Ekaterina S</creator><creator>Simanenkova, Anna V</creator><creator>Vashukova, Maria A</creator><creator>Grant, William B</creator><creator>Shlyakhto, Evgeny V</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PHGZM</scope><scope>PHGZT</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PJZUB</scope><scope>PKEHL</scope><scope>PPXIY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4878-6909</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1439-3285</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3300-1280</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210829</creationdate><title>Low 25(OH)D Level Is Associated with Severe Course and Poor Prognosis in COVID-19</title><author>Karonova, Tatiana L ; Andreeva, Alena T ; Golovatuk, Ksenia A ; Bykova, Ekaterina S ; Simanenkova, Anna V ; Vashukova, Maria A ; Grant, William B ; Shlyakhto, Evgeny V</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-7c469adb6c5c0ba145c2bb23f8dded128d76783da4a930c8e2ce54f4a16d337b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>25-Hydroxyvitamin D</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Bacterial infections</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Calciferol</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>COVID-19 - blood</topic><topic>COVID-19 - complications</topic><topic>COVID-19 - mortality</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Enzymes</topic><topic>Fatalities</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Glucose</topic><topic>Hospitalization</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Nutritional Status</topic><topic>Obesity</topic><topic>Pneumonia</topic><topic>Prognosis</topic><topic>Risk</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</topic><topic>Severity of Illness Index</topic><topic>Viral infections</topic><topic>Vitamin D</topic><topic>Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>Vitamin D - blood</topic><topic>Vitamin D Deficiency - blood</topic><topic>Vitamin D Deficiency - mortality</topic><topic>Vitamin D Deficiency - virology</topic><topic>Vitamin deficiency</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Karonova, Tatiana L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andreeva, Alena T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Golovatuk, Ksenia A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bykova, Ekaterina S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simanenkova, Anna V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vashukova, Maria A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grant, William B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shlyakhto, Evgeny V</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Coronavirus Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic (New)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Health & Nursing</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Nutrients</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Karonova, Tatiana L</au><au>Andreeva, Alena T</au><au>Golovatuk, Ksenia A</au><au>Bykova, Ekaterina S</au><au>Simanenkova, Anna V</au><au>Vashukova, Maria A</au><au>Grant, William B</au><au>Shlyakhto, Evgeny V</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Low 25(OH)D Level Is Associated with Severe Course and Poor Prognosis in COVID-19</atitle><jtitle>Nutrients</jtitle><addtitle>Nutrients</addtitle><date>2021-08-29</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>3021</spage><pages>3021-</pages><issn>2072-6643</issn><eissn>2072-6643</eissn><abstract>We evaluated associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level and severity of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in hospitalized patients. We assessed serum 25(OH)D level in 133 patients aged 21-93 years. Twenty-five (19%) patients had severe disease, 108 patients (81%) had moderate disease, and 18 (14%) patients died. 25(OH)D level ranged from 3.0 to 97.0 ng/mL (median, 13.5 [25%; 75%, 9.6; 23.3] ng/mL). Vitamin D deficiency was diagnosed in 90 patients, including 37 with severe deficiency. In patients with severe course of disease, 25(OH)D level was lower (median, 9.7 [25%; 75%, 6.0; 14.9] ng/mL), and vitamin D deficiency was more common than in patients with moderate course (median, 14.6 [25%; 75%, 10.6; 24.4] ng/mL,
= 0.003). In patients who died, 25(OH)D was 9.6 [25%; 75%, 6.0; 11.5] ng/mL, compared with 14.8 [25%; 75%, 10.1; 24.3] ng/mL in discharged patients (
= 0.001). Severe vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased risk of COVID-19 severity and fatal outcome. The threshold for 25(OH)D level associated with increased risk of severe course was 11.7 ng/mL. Approximately the same 25(OH)D level, 10.9 ng/mL, was associated with increased risk of mortality. Thus, most COVID-19 patients have vitamin D deficiency; severe vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of COVID-19 severity and fatal outcome.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>34578898</pmid><doi>10.3390/nu13093021</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4878-6909</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1439-3285</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3300-1280</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 2072-6643 |
| ispartof | Nutrients, 2021-08, Vol.13 (9), p.3021 |
| issn | 2072-6643 2072-6643 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8468115 |
| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; PubMed Central Open Access |
| subjects | 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Aged Bacterial infections Biochemistry Calciferol Cardiovascular disease Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - blood COVID-19 - complications COVID-19 - mortality Cytokines Diabetes Enzymes Fatalities Female Glucose Hospitalization Humans Infections Male Middle Aged Nutritional Status Obesity Pneumonia Prognosis Risk SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severity of Illness Index Viral infections Vitamin D Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives Vitamin D - blood Vitamin D Deficiency - blood Vitamin D Deficiency - mortality Vitamin D Deficiency - virology Vitamin deficiency |
| title | Low 25(OH)D Level Is Associated with Severe Course and Poor Prognosis in COVID-19 |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-19T00%3A51%3A20IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Low%2025(OH)D%20Level%20Is%20Associated%20with%20Severe%20Course%20and%20Poor%20Prognosis%20in%20COVID-19&rft.jtitle=Nutrients&rft.au=Karonova,%20Tatiana%20L&rft.date=2021-08-29&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3021&rft.pages=3021-&rft.issn=2072-6643&rft.eissn=2072-6643&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/nu13093021&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E2576476275%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2576476275&rft_id=info:pmid/34578898&rfr_iscdi=true |