Removal of Aniline and Benzothiazole Wastewaters Using an Efficient MnO2/GAC Catalyst in a Photocatalytic Fluidised Bed Reactor
This work presents an efficient method for treating industrial wastewater containing aniline and benzothiazole, which are refractory to conventional treatments. A combination of heterogeneous photocatalysis operating in a fluidised bed reactor is studied in order to increase mass transfer and reduce...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Materials 2021-09, Vol.14 (18), p.5207 |
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| creator | Ferreiro, Cristian Villota, Natalia Lombraña, José Ignacio Rivero, María J. Zúñiga, Verónica Rituerto, José Miguel |
| description | This work presents an efficient method for treating industrial wastewater containing aniline and benzothiazole, which are refractory to conventional treatments. A combination of heterogeneous photocatalysis operating in a fluidised bed reactor is studied in order to increase mass transfer and reduce reaction times. This process uses a manganese dioxide catalyst supported on granular activated carbon with environmentally friendly characteristics. The manganese dioxide composite is prepared by hydrothermal synthesis on carbon Hydrodarco® 3000 with different active phase ratios. The support, the metal oxide, and the composite are characterised by performing Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller analysis, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, X-ray fluorescence analysis, UV–Vis spectroscopy by diffuse reflectance, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in order to evaluate the influence of the metal oxide on the activated carbon. A composite of MnO2/GAC (3.78% in phase α-MnO2) is obtained, with a 9.4% increase in the specific surface of the initial GAC and a 12.79 nm crystal size. The effect of pH and catalyst load is studied. At a pH of 9.0 and a dose of 0.9 g L−1, a high degradation of aniline and benzothiazole is obtained, with an 81.63% TOC mineralisation in 64.8 min. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ma14185207 |
| format | Article |
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A combination of heterogeneous photocatalysis operating in a fluidised bed reactor is studied in order to increase mass transfer and reduce reaction times. This process uses a manganese dioxide catalyst supported on granular activated carbon with environmentally friendly characteristics. The manganese dioxide composite is prepared by hydrothermal synthesis on carbon Hydrodarco® 3000 with different active phase ratios. The support, the metal oxide, and the composite are characterised by performing Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller analysis, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, X-ray fluorescence analysis, UV–Vis spectroscopy by diffuse reflectance, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in order to evaluate the influence of the metal oxide on the activated carbon. A composite of MnO2/GAC (3.78% in phase α-MnO2) is obtained, with a 9.4% increase in the specific surface of the initial GAC and a 12.79 nm crystal size. The effect of pH and catalyst load is studied. At a pH of 9.0 and a dose of 0.9 g L−1, a high degradation of aniline and benzothiazole is obtained, with an 81.63% TOC mineralisation in 64.8 min.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ma14185207</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34576439</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Activated carbon ; Adsorption ; Aniline ; Catalysts ; Efficiency ; Effluents ; Energy ; Environmental impact ; Fluidized beds ; Fourier transforms ; Hydrothermal crystal growth ; Industrial wastes ; Infrared analysis ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Light ; Manganese dioxide ; Manufacturing ; Mass transfer ; Membrane separation ; Metal oxides ; Oxidation ; Phenols ; Photocatalysis ; Pollutants ; Reactors ; Reproducibility ; Sodium ; Sulfur ; Wastewater treatment ; X ray fluorescence analysis</subject><ispartof>Materials, 2021-09, Vol.14 (18), p.5207</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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Villota, Natalia ; Lombraña, José Ignacio ; Rivero, María J. ; Zúñiga, Verónica ; Rituerto, José Miguel</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c383t-6d5a51a6ff5585078fd2502097098213df1da689cf19225484ce6014acee86ef3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Activated carbon</topic><topic>Adsorption</topic><topic>Aniline</topic><topic>Catalysts</topic><topic>Efficiency</topic><topic>Effluents</topic><topic>Energy</topic><topic>Environmental impact</topic><topic>Fluidized beds</topic><topic>Fourier transforms</topic><topic>Hydrothermal crystal growth</topic><topic>Industrial wastes</topic><topic>Infrared analysis</topic><topic>Infrared spectroscopy</topic><topic>Light</topic><topic>Manganese dioxide</topic><topic>Manufacturing</topic><topic>Mass transfer</topic><topic>Membrane separation</topic><topic>Metal oxides</topic><topic>Oxidation</topic><topic>Phenols</topic><topic>Photocatalysis</topic><topic>Pollutants</topic><topic>Reactors</topic><topic>Reproducibility</topic><topic>Sodium</topic><topic>Sulfur</topic><topic>Wastewater treatment</topic><topic>X ray fluorescence analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ferreiro, Cristian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Villota, Natalia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lombraña, José Ignacio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rivero, María J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zúñiga, Verónica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rituerto, José Miguel</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Materials</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ferreiro, Cristian</au><au>Villota, Natalia</au><au>Lombraña, José Ignacio</au><au>Rivero, María J.</au><au>Zúñiga, Verónica</au><au>Rituerto, José Miguel</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Removal of Aniline and Benzothiazole Wastewaters Using an Efficient MnO2/GAC Catalyst in a Photocatalytic Fluidised Bed Reactor</atitle><jtitle>Materials</jtitle><date>2021-09-10</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>18</issue><spage>5207</spage><pages>5207-</pages><issn>1996-1944</issn><eissn>1996-1944</eissn><abstract>This work presents an efficient method for treating industrial wastewater containing aniline and benzothiazole, which are refractory to conventional treatments. 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| subjects | Activated carbon Adsorption Aniline Catalysts Efficiency Effluents Energy Environmental impact Fluidized beds Fourier transforms Hydrothermal crystal growth Industrial wastes Infrared analysis Infrared spectroscopy Light Manganese dioxide Manufacturing Mass transfer Membrane separation Metal oxides Oxidation Phenols Photocatalysis Pollutants Reactors Reproducibility Sodium Sulfur Wastewater treatment X ray fluorescence analysis |
| title | Removal of Aniline and Benzothiazole Wastewaters Using an Efficient MnO2/GAC Catalyst in a Photocatalytic Fluidised Bed Reactor |
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