Burnout among Hospital Pharmacists: Prevalence, Self-Awareness, and Preventive Programs in Pharmacy School Curricula

Clinician burnout is a work-related syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. It is associated with reduced quality of care, as well as the occurrence of medical errors and mental illness. Although burnout has been extensively studied in populations of physicians and nurses, there is limited research assessing burnout in pharmacists and their exposure to burnout-related education. To determine the prevalence of burnout and its associated risk factors among hospital pharmacists and to explore the status of preventive programs in pharmacy school curricula. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with hospital pharmacists working in the province of Ontario, Canada. Respondents completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and responded to questions about career characteristics and professional satisfaction. A multivariable regression analysis was used to determine factors independently associated with burnout. In addition, all pharmacy schools in Canada were surveyed electronically about their burnout-prevention curricula. Of 2465 hospital pharmacists in Ontario, 270 responded (11% response rate). Most respondents were women (77% [195/252]) and were working full-time (90% [227/252]), with a substantial proportion working in the acute care setting (39% [96/246]). The burnout rate was 61.1% (165/270; 95% confidence interval 55.5%-66.8%). Factors independently associated with burnout were dissatisfaction with work-life balance (odds ratio [OR] 2.62, = 0.005) and feeling that contributions were unappreciated (OR 2.60, = 0.019). Of those whose MBI score indicated burnout, 23% (36/158) were not aware of experiencing burnout. All 10 Canadian pharmacy schools responded to the survey, with 9 (90%) reporting that they did not have burnout-prevention curricula; however, 8 (80%) reported interest in incorporating such material. The rate of burnout among hospital pharmacists in Ontario was high, and preventive action is needed. Opportunities exist to both improve pharmacists' resilience at the undergraduate level and reduce institutional stressors in the workplace.