Acute morphine blocks spinal respiratory motor plasticity via long‐latency mechanisms that require toll‐like receptor 4 signalling

Key points While respiratory complications following opioid use are mainly mediated via activation of mu opioid receptors, long‐latency off‐target signalling via innate immune toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) may impair other essential elements of breathing control such as respiratory motor plasticity. I...

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