Increased LPS levels coexist with systemic inflammation and result in monocyte activation in severe COVID-19 patients

[Display omitted] •Hospitalized COVID-19 patients had higher levels of LPS, sCD14 and cytokines.•LPS levels increases during disease progression in non-survivors patients (NSP).•IL-6, TNF-α, CCL2 and CCL5 increases during COVID-19 progression in NSP.•Plasma of NSP induces higher TLR4, CCR2, CCR5, CC...

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Veröffentlicht in:International immunopharmacology 2021-11, Vol.100, p.108125-108125, Article 108125
Hauptverfasser: Teixeira, Paula C., Dorneles, Gilson P., Santana Filho, Paulo C., da Silva, Igor M., Schipper, Lucas L., Postiga, Isabelle A.L., Neves, Carla Andretta Moreira, Rodrigues Junior, Luiz Carlos, Peres, Alessandra, Souto, Janeusa Trindade de, Fonseca, Simone Gonçalves, Eller, Sarah, Oliveira, Tiago F., Rotta, Liane N., Thompson, Claudia Elizabeth, Romão, Pedro R.T.
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container_end_page 108125
container_issue
container_start_page 108125
container_title International immunopharmacology
container_volume 100
creator Teixeira, Paula C.
Dorneles, Gilson P.
Santana Filho, Paulo C.
da Silva, Igor M.
Schipper, Lucas L.
Postiga, Isabelle A.L.
Neves, Carla Andretta Moreira
Rodrigues Junior, Luiz Carlos
Peres, Alessandra
Souto, Janeusa Trindade de
Fonseca, Simone Gonçalves
Eller, Sarah
Oliveira, Tiago F.
Rotta, Liane N.
Thompson, Claudia Elizabeth
Romão, Pedro R.T.
description [Display omitted] •Hospitalized COVID-19 patients had higher levels of LPS, sCD14 and cytokines.•LPS levels increases during disease progression in non-survivors patients (NSP).•IL-6, TNF-α, CCL2 and CCL5 increases during COVID-19 progression in NSP.•Plasma of NSP induces higher TLR4, CCR2, CCR5, CCR7, and CD69 expression in THP-1.•LPS coexisting with hyperinflammation may lead to worsening of COVID-19 outcomes. Mucosal barrier alterations may play a role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including COVID-19. In this study we evaluate the association between bacterial translocation markers and systemic inflammation at the earliest time-point after hospitalization and at the last 72 h of hospitalization in survivors and non-survivors COVID-19 patients. Sixty-six SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive patients and nine non-COVID-19 pneumonia controls were admitted in this study. Blood samples were collected at hospital admission (T1) (Controls and COVID-19 patients) and 0–72 h before hospital discharge (T2, alive or dead) to analyze systemic cytokines and chemokines, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations and soluble CD14 (sCD14) levels. THP-1 human monocytic cell line was incubated with plasma from survivors and non-survivors COVID-19 patients and their phenotype, activation status, TLR4, and chemokine receptors were analyzed by flow cytometry. COVID-19 patients presented higher IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β1, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL4/MIP-1β, and CCL5/RANTES levels than controls. Moreover, LPS and sCD14 were higher at hospital admission in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Non-survivors COVID-19 patients had increased LPS levels concomitant with higher IL-6, TNF-α, CCL2/MCP-1, and CCL5/RANTES levels at T2. Increased expression of CD16 and CCR5 were identified in THP-1 cells incubated with the plasma of survivor patients obtained at T2. The incubation of THP-1 with T2 plasma of non-survivors COVID-19 leads to higher TLR4, CCR2, CCR5, CCR7, and CD69 expression. In conclusion, the coexistence of increased microbial translocation and hyperinflammation in patients with severe COVID-19 may lead to higher monocyte activation, which may be associated with worsening outcomes, such as death.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108125
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Mucosal barrier alterations may play a role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including COVID-19. In this study we evaluate the association between bacterial translocation markers and systemic inflammation at the earliest time-point after hospitalization and at the last 72 h of hospitalization in survivors and non-survivors COVID-19 patients. Sixty-six SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive patients and nine non-COVID-19 pneumonia controls were admitted in this study. Blood samples were collected at hospital admission (T1) (Controls and COVID-19 patients) and 0–72 h before hospital discharge (T2, alive or dead) to analyze systemic cytokines and chemokines, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations and soluble CD14 (sCD14) levels. THP-1 human monocytic cell line was incubated with plasma from survivors and non-survivors COVID-19 patients and their phenotype, activation status, TLR4, and chemokine receptors were analyzed by flow cytometry. COVID-19 patients presented higher IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β1, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL4/MIP-1β, and CCL5/RANTES levels than controls. Moreover, LPS and sCD14 were higher at hospital admission in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Non-survivors COVID-19 patients had increased LPS levels concomitant with higher IL-6, TNF-α, CCL2/MCP-1, and CCL5/RANTES levels at T2. Increased expression of CD16 and CCR5 were identified in THP-1 cells incubated with the plasma of survivor patients obtained at T2. The incubation of THP-1 with T2 plasma of non-survivors COVID-19 leads to higher TLR4, CCR2, CCR5, CCR7, and CD69 expression. In conclusion, the coexistence of increased microbial translocation and hyperinflammation in patients with severe COVID-19 may lead to higher monocyte activation, which may be associated with worsening outcomes, such as death.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1567-5769</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1878-1705</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1878-1705</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108125</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34543980</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bacterial Translocation ; CC chemokine receptors ; CCL4 protein ; CCR2 protein ; CCR5 protein ; CCR7 protein ; CD14 antigen ; CD16 antigen ; CD69 antigen ; Cell activation ; Chemokine receptors ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - immunology ; COVID-19 - mortality ; Cytokines ; Female ; Flow cytometry ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Inflammation - etiology ; Inflammation Mediators - blood ; Interleukin 6 ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Lipopolysaccharides - blood ; Male ; Microbial translocation ; Microorganisms ; Middle Aged ; Monocyte ; Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 ; Monocytes ; Monocytes - physiology ; Mucosa ; Pathogenesis ; Patients ; Phenotypes ; Polymerase chain reaction ; RANTES ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Severity of Illness Index ; Survival ; THP-1 Cells ; TLR4 protein ; Toll-like receptors ; Transforming growth factor-b1 ; Translocation ; γ-Interferon</subject><ispartof>International immunopharmacology, 2021-11, Vol.100, p.108125-108125, Article 108125</ispartof><rights>2021 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV Nov 2021</rights><rights>2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 2021 Elsevier B.V.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c491t-6f0d659025673d303ab2765fa66ad4982712575ff6f7d5fa2c1ef2c0bcecc55e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c491t-6f0d659025673d303ab2765fa66ad4982712575ff6f7d5fa2c1ef2c0bcecc55e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108125$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34543980$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Teixeira, Paula C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dorneles, Gilson P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Santana Filho, Paulo C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>da Silva, Igor M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schipper, Lucas L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Postiga, Isabelle A.L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Neves, Carla Andretta Moreira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodrigues Junior, Luiz Carlos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peres, Alessandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Souto, Janeusa Trindade de</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fonseca, Simone Gonçalves</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eller, Sarah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oliveira, Tiago F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rotta, Liane N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thompson, Claudia Elizabeth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Romão, Pedro R.T.</creatorcontrib><title>Increased LPS levels coexist with systemic inflammation and result in monocyte activation in severe COVID-19 patients</title><title>International immunopharmacology</title><addtitle>Int Immunopharmacol</addtitle><description>[Display omitted] •Hospitalized COVID-19 patients had higher levels of LPS, sCD14 and cytokines.•LPS levels increases during disease progression in non-survivors patients (NSP).•IL-6, TNF-α, CCL2 and CCL5 increases during COVID-19 progression in NSP.•Plasma of NSP induces higher TLR4, CCR2, CCR5, CCR7, and CD69 expression in THP-1.•LPS coexisting with hyperinflammation may lead to worsening of COVID-19 outcomes. Mucosal barrier alterations may play a role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including COVID-19. In this study we evaluate the association between bacterial translocation markers and systemic inflammation at the earliest time-point after hospitalization and at the last 72 h of hospitalization in survivors and non-survivors COVID-19 patients. Sixty-six SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive patients and nine non-COVID-19 pneumonia controls were admitted in this study. Blood samples were collected at hospital admission (T1) (Controls and COVID-19 patients) and 0–72 h before hospital discharge (T2, alive or dead) to analyze systemic cytokines and chemokines, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations and soluble CD14 (sCD14) levels. THP-1 human monocytic cell line was incubated with plasma from survivors and non-survivors COVID-19 patients and their phenotype, activation status, TLR4, and chemokine receptors were analyzed by flow cytometry. COVID-19 patients presented higher IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β1, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL4/MIP-1β, and CCL5/RANTES levels than controls. Moreover, LPS and sCD14 were higher at hospital admission in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Non-survivors COVID-19 patients had increased LPS levels concomitant with higher IL-6, TNF-α, CCL2/MCP-1, and CCL5/RANTES levels at T2. Increased expression of CD16 and CCR5 were identified in THP-1 cells incubated with the plasma of survivor patients obtained at T2. The incubation of THP-1 with T2 plasma of non-survivors COVID-19 leads to higher TLR4, CCR2, CCR5, CCR7, and CD69 expression. In conclusion, the coexistence of increased microbial translocation and hyperinflammation in patients with severe COVID-19 may lead to higher monocyte activation, which may be associated with worsening outcomes, such as death.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Bacterial Translocation</subject><subject>CC chemokine receptors</subject><subject>CCL4 protein</subject><subject>CCR2 protein</subject><subject>CCR5 protein</subject><subject>CCR7 protein</subject><subject>CD14 antigen</subject><subject>CD16 antigen</subject><subject>CD69 antigen</subject><subject>Cell activation</subject><subject>Chemokine receptors</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - immunology</subject><subject>COVID-19 - mortality</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Flow cytometry</subject><subject>Hospitalization</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Inflammation - etiology</subject><subject>Inflammation Mediators - blood</subject><subject>Interleukin 6</subject><subject>Lipopolysaccharides</subject><subject>Lipopolysaccharides - blood</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Microbial translocation</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Monocyte</subject><subject>Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1</subject><subject>Monocytes</subject><subject>Monocytes - physiology</subject><subject>Mucosa</subject><subject>Pathogenesis</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Phenotypes</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>RANTES</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Severity of Illness Index</subject><subject>Survival</subject><subject>THP-1 Cells</subject><subject>TLR4 protein</subject><subject>Toll-like receptors</subject><subject>Transforming growth factor-b1</subject><subject>Translocation</subject><subject>γ-Interferon</subject><issn>1567-5769</issn><issn>1878-1705</issn><issn>1878-1705</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9UV1vFCEUnRiNrdV_YAyJL77MCswAMy8mZmt1k01q4scrYeFi2czACszq_vuymdrWPvQJcu6553A4VfWa4AXBhL_fLpzPbtwtKKakQB2h7El1SjrR1URg9rTcGRc1E7w_qV6ktMW44C15Xp00LWubvsOn1bTyOoJKYND66zc0wB6GhHSAvy5l9MflK5QOKcPoNHLeDmocVXbBI-UNipCmIRccjcEHfciAlM5uPzMKnIpcBLS8_Lk6r0mPdmUCPqeX1TOrhgSvbs6z6sfFp-_LL_X68vNq-XFd67YnueYWG856TEuOxjS4URsqOLOKc2XavqOiZBbMWm6FKTDVBCzVeKNBa8agOas-zLq7aTOC0cU7qkHuohtVPMignPx_4t2V_BX2smspp0QUgXc3AjH8niBlObqkYRiUhzAlebTHnBHMC_XtA-o2TNGXeJJyzBrcNhwXVjuzdAwpRbC3jyFYHnuVWzn3Ko-9yrnXsvbmfpDbpX9F3iUt9cHeQZRJl6_WYFwEnaUJ7nGHa_8Zt6c</recordid><startdate>20211101</startdate><enddate>20211101</enddate><creator>Teixeira, Paula C.</creator><creator>Dorneles, Gilson P.</creator><creator>Santana Filho, Paulo C.</creator><creator>da Silva, Igor M.</creator><creator>Schipper, Lucas L.</creator><creator>Postiga, Isabelle A.L.</creator><creator>Neves, Carla Andretta Moreira</creator><creator>Rodrigues Junior, Luiz Carlos</creator><creator>Peres, Alessandra</creator><creator>Souto, Janeusa Trindade de</creator><creator>Fonseca, Simone Gonçalves</creator><creator>Eller, Sarah</creator><creator>Oliveira, Tiago F.</creator><creator>Rotta, Liane N.</creator><creator>Thompson, Claudia Elizabeth</creator><creator>Romão, Pedro R.T.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20211101</creationdate><title>Increased LPS levels coexist with systemic inflammation and result in monocyte activation in severe COVID-19 patients</title><author>Teixeira, Paula C. ; Dorneles, Gilson P. ; Santana Filho, Paulo C. ; da Silva, Igor M. ; Schipper, Lucas L. ; Postiga, Isabelle A.L. ; Neves, Carla Andretta Moreira ; Rodrigues Junior, Luiz Carlos ; Peres, Alessandra ; Souto, Janeusa Trindade de ; Fonseca, Simone Gonçalves ; Eller, Sarah ; Oliveira, Tiago F. ; Rotta, Liane N. ; Thompson, Claudia Elizabeth ; Romão, Pedro R.T.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c491t-6f0d659025673d303ab2765fa66ad4982712575ff6f7d5fa2c1ef2c0bcecc55e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Bacterial Translocation</topic><topic>CC chemokine receptors</topic><topic>CCL4 protein</topic><topic>CCR2 protein</topic><topic>CCR5 protein</topic><topic>CCR7 protein</topic><topic>CD14 antigen</topic><topic>CD16 antigen</topic><topic>CD69 antigen</topic><topic>Cell activation</topic><topic>Chemokine receptors</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>COVID-19 - 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Mucosal barrier alterations may play a role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including COVID-19. In this study we evaluate the association between bacterial translocation markers and systemic inflammation at the earliest time-point after hospitalization and at the last 72 h of hospitalization in survivors and non-survivors COVID-19 patients. Sixty-six SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive patients and nine non-COVID-19 pneumonia controls were admitted in this study. Blood samples were collected at hospital admission (T1) (Controls and COVID-19 patients) and 0–72 h before hospital discharge (T2, alive or dead) to analyze systemic cytokines and chemokines, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations and soluble CD14 (sCD14) levels. THP-1 human monocytic cell line was incubated with plasma from survivors and non-survivors COVID-19 patients and their phenotype, activation status, TLR4, and chemokine receptors were analyzed by flow cytometry. COVID-19 patients presented higher IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β1, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL4/MIP-1β, and CCL5/RANTES levels than controls. Moreover, LPS and sCD14 were higher at hospital admission in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Non-survivors COVID-19 patients had increased LPS levels concomitant with higher IL-6, TNF-α, CCL2/MCP-1, and CCL5/RANTES levels at T2. Increased expression of CD16 and CCR5 were identified in THP-1 cells incubated with the plasma of survivor patients obtained at T2. The incubation of THP-1 with T2 plasma of non-survivors COVID-19 leads to higher TLR4, CCR2, CCR5, CCR7, and CD69 expression. In conclusion, the coexistence of increased microbial translocation and hyperinflammation in patients with severe COVID-19 may lead to higher monocyte activation, which may be associated with worsening outcomes, such as death.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>34543980</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108125</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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ispartof International immunopharmacology, 2021-11, Vol.100, p.108125-108125, Article 108125
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source MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete
subjects Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Bacterial Translocation
CC chemokine receptors
CCL4 protein
CCR2 protein
CCR5 protein
CCR7 protein
CD14 antigen
CD16 antigen
CD69 antigen
Cell activation
Chemokine receptors
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - immunology
COVID-19 - mortality
Cytokines
Female
Flow cytometry
Hospitalization
Humans
Inflammation
Inflammation - etiology
Inflammation Mediators - blood
Interleukin 6
Lipopolysaccharides
Lipopolysaccharides - blood
Male
Microbial translocation
Microorganisms
Middle Aged
Monocyte
Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1
Monocytes
Monocytes - physiology
Mucosa
Pathogenesis
Patients
Phenotypes
Polymerase chain reaction
RANTES
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Severity of Illness Index
Survival
THP-1 Cells
TLR4 protein
Toll-like receptors
Transforming growth factor-b1
Translocation
γ-Interferon
title Increased LPS levels coexist with systemic inflammation and result in monocyte activation in severe COVID-19 patients
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