Inequalities in coverage of COVID-19 vaccination: A population register based cross-sectional study in Wales, UK
•First study to examine equality in coverage of COVID-19 vaccination across Wales.•Overall vaccination coverage for COVID-19 vaccination is high.•Vaccination coverage is lower in more deprived areas and among ethnic minority groups.•First vaccine study to use census linkage providing high data cover...
Gespeichert in:
Veröffentlicht in: | Vaccine 2021-10, Vol.39 (42), p.6256-6261 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
container_end_page | 6261 |
---|---|
container_issue | 42 |
container_start_page | 6256 |
container_title | Vaccine |
container_volume | 39 |
creator | Perry, Malorie Akbari, Ashley Cottrell, Simon Gravenor, Michael B. Roberts, Richard Lyons, Ronan A. Bedston, Stuart Torabi, Fatemah Griffiths, Lucy |
description | •First study to examine equality in coverage of COVID-19 vaccination across Wales.•Overall vaccination coverage for COVID-19 vaccination is high.•Vaccination coverage is lower in more deprived areas and among ethnic minority groups.•First vaccine study to use census linkage providing high data coverage on ethnic group.•Closing the vaccination equity gap before further waves of infection should be a priority.
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted existing health inequalities for ethnic minority groups and those living in more socioeconomically deprived areas in the UK. With higher levels of severe outcomes in these groups, equitable vaccination coverage should be prioritised. The aim of this study was to identify inequalities in coverage of COVID-19 vaccination in Wales, UK and to highlight areas which may benefit from routine enhanced surveillance and targeted interventions.
Records within the Wales Immunisation System (WIS) population register were linked to the Welsh Demographic Service Dataset (WDSD) and central list of shielding patients, held within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. Ethnic group was derived from the 2011 census and over 20 administrative electronic health record (EHR) data sources. Uptake of first dose of any COVID-19 vaccine was analysed over time, with the odds of being vaccinated as at 25th April 2021 by sex, health board of residence, rural/urban classification, deprivation quintile and ethnic group presented. Using logistic regression models, analyses were adjusted for age group, care home resident status, health and social care worker status and shielding status.
This study included 1,256,412 individuals aged 50 years and over. Vaccine coverage increased steadily from 8th December 2020 until mid-April 2021. Overall uptake of first dose of COVID-19 vaccine in this group was 92.1%. After adjustment the odds of being vaccinated were lower for individuals who were male, resident in the most deprived areas, resident in an urban area and an ethnic group other than White. The largest inequality was seen between ethnic groups, with the odds of being vaccinated 0.22 (95 %CI 0.21–0.24) if in any Black ethnic group compared to any White ethnic group.
Ongoing monitoring of inequity in uptake of vaccinations is required, with better targeted interventions and engagement with deprived and ethnic communities to improve vaccination uptake. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.09.019 |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8423991</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0264410X21011981</els_id><sourcerecordid>2575066219</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c495t-92fecc614876e4dcf8512e2cbd9d201089158707b4b45985c9d1bfd25c75fb043</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkU1v1DAQhi0EokvhJ4AsceFAwtixk5hDUbV8rajUCwVulmNPFq-ycWonK_Xfk_2gAi6cRqN5_I7nfQl5ziBnwMo3m3xnrPU95hw4y0HlwNQDsmB1VWRcsvohWQAvRSYY_DgjT1LaAIAsmHpMzgohhSiBLciw6vF2Mp0fPSbqe2rDDqNZIw0tXV5_W73PmKLHVWb0oX9LL-kQhqk7dDTi2qcRI21MQkdtDCllCe1-aDqaxsnd7WW_mw7Ta3rz5Sl51Jou4bNTPSc3Hz98XX7Orq4_rZaXV5kVSo6Z4i1aWzJRVyUKZ9taMo7cNk45DgxqxWRdQdWIRkhVS6sca1rHpa1k24AozsnFUXeYmi06i_0YTaeH6Lcm3ulgvP570vufeh12uha8UIrNAq9OAjHcTphGvfXJYteZHsOUNJeVhLLkTM3oy3_QTZjifP-BqmarlaxnSh6pg0kR2_vPMND7TPVGnzLV-0w1KA0H9Rd_XnL_6neIM_DuCODs585j1Ml67C06H-cktAv-Pyt-ARFTtdw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2577446958</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Inequalities in coverage of COVID-19 vaccination: A population register based cross-sectional study in Wales, UK</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>ScienceDirect Freedom Collection (Elsevier)</source><source>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</source><creator>Perry, Malorie ; Akbari, Ashley ; Cottrell, Simon ; Gravenor, Michael B. ; Roberts, Richard ; Lyons, Ronan A. ; Bedston, Stuart ; Torabi, Fatemah ; Griffiths, Lucy</creator><creatorcontrib>Perry, Malorie ; Akbari, Ashley ; Cottrell, Simon ; Gravenor, Michael B. ; Roberts, Richard ; Lyons, Ronan A. ; Bedston, Stuart ; Torabi, Fatemah ; Griffiths, Lucy</creatorcontrib><description>•First study to examine equality in coverage of COVID-19 vaccination across Wales.•Overall vaccination coverage for COVID-19 vaccination is high.•Vaccination coverage is lower in more deprived areas and among ethnic minority groups.•First vaccine study to use census linkage providing high data coverage on ethnic group.•Closing the vaccination equity gap before further waves of infection should be a priority.
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted existing health inequalities for ethnic minority groups and those living in more socioeconomically deprived areas in the UK. With higher levels of severe outcomes in these groups, equitable vaccination coverage should be prioritised. The aim of this study was to identify inequalities in coverage of COVID-19 vaccination in Wales, UK and to highlight areas which may benefit from routine enhanced surveillance and targeted interventions.
Records within the Wales Immunisation System (WIS) population register were linked to the Welsh Demographic Service Dataset (WDSD) and central list of shielding patients, held within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. Ethnic group was derived from the 2011 census and over 20 administrative electronic health record (EHR) data sources. Uptake of first dose of any COVID-19 vaccine was analysed over time, with the odds of being vaccinated as at 25th April 2021 by sex, health board of residence, rural/urban classification, deprivation quintile and ethnic group presented. Using logistic regression models, analyses were adjusted for age group, care home resident status, health and social care worker status and shielding status.
This study included 1,256,412 individuals aged 50 years and over. Vaccine coverage increased steadily from 8th December 2020 until mid-April 2021. Overall uptake of first dose of COVID-19 vaccine in this group was 92.1%. After adjustment the odds of being vaccinated were lower for individuals who were male, resident in the most deprived areas, resident in an urban area and an ethnic group other than White. The largest inequality was seen between ethnic groups, with the odds of being vaccinated 0.22 (95 %CI 0.21–0.24) if in any Black ethnic group compared to any White ethnic group.
Ongoing monitoring of inequity in uptake of vaccinations is required, with better targeted interventions and engagement with deprived and ethnic communities to improve vaccination uptake.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0264-410X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2518</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.09.019</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34544601</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Age groups ; Aged ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Deprivation ; Electronic health records ; Electronic medical records ; Ethnic groups ; Ethnicity ; Health surveillance ; Humans ; Immunisation ; Immunization ; Inequalities ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minority & ethnic groups ; Minority Groups ; Older people ; Pandemics ; Population ; Population studies ; Registries ; Regression analysis ; Regression models ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Shielding ; Social workers ; Socioeconomic factors ; United Kingdom ; Urban areas ; Vaccination ; Vaccines ; Wales - epidemiology</subject><ispartof>Vaccine, 2021-10, Vol.39 (42), p.6256-6261</ispartof><rights>2021 The Authors</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>2021. The Authors</rights><rights>2021 The Authors 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c495t-92fecc614876e4dcf8512e2cbd9d201089158707b4b45985c9d1bfd25c75fb043</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c495t-92fecc614876e4dcf8512e2cbd9d201089158707b4b45985c9d1bfd25c75fb043</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1397-5934 ; 0000-0002-5635-5957 ; 0000-0003-0814-0801 ; 0000-0001-6092-6700 ; 0000-0001-5225-000X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2577446958?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3550,27924,27925,45995,64385,64387,64389,72469</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34544601$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Perry, Malorie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akbari, Ashley</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cottrell, Simon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gravenor, Michael B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roberts, Richard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lyons, Ronan A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bedston, Stuart</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Torabi, Fatemah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Griffiths, Lucy</creatorcontrib><title>Inequalities in coverage of COVID-19 vaccination: A population register based cross-sectional study in Wales, UK</title><title>Vaccine</title><addtitle>Vaccine</addtitle><description>•First study to examine equality in coverage of COVID-19 vaccination across Wales.•Overall vaccination coverage for COVID-19 vaccination is high.•Vaccination coverage is lower in more deprived areas and among ethnic minority groups.•First vaccine study to use census linkage providing high data coverage on ethnic group.•Closing the vaccination equity gap before further waves of infection should be a priority.
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted existing health inequalities for ethnic minority groups and those living in more socioeconomically deprived areas in the UK. With higher levels of severe outcomes in these groups, equitable vaccination coverage should be prioritised. The aim of this study was to identify inequalities in coverage of COVID-19 vaccination in Wales, UK and to highlight areas which may benefit from routine enhanced surveillance and targeted interventions.
Records within the Wales Immunisation System (WIS) population register were linked to the Welsh Demographic Service Dataset (WDSD) and central list of shielding patients, held within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. Ethnic group was derived from the 2011 census and over 20 administrative electronic health record (EHR) data sources. Uptake of first dose of any COVID-19 vaccine was analysed over time, with the odds of being vaccinated as at 25th April 2021 by sex, health board of residence, rural/urban classification, deprivation quintile and ethnic group presented. Using logistic regression models, analyses were adjusted for age group, care home resident status, health and social care worker status and shielding status.
This study included 1,256,412 individuals aged 50 years and over. Vaccine coverage increased steadily from 8th December 2020 until mid-April 2021. Overall uptake of first dose of COVID-19 vaccine in this group was 92.1%. After adjustment the odds of being vaccinated were lower for individuals who were male, resident in the most deprived areas, resident in an urban area and an ethnic group other than White. The largest inequality was seen between ethnic groups, with the odds of being vaccinated 0.22 (95 %CI 0.21–0.24) if in any Black ethnic group compared to any White ethnic group.
Ongoing monitoring of inequity in uptake of vaccinations is required, with better targeted interventions and engagement with deprived and ethnic communities to improve vaccination uptake.</description><subject>Age groups</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 Vaccines</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Deprivation</subject><subject>Electronic health records</subject><subject>Electronic medical records</subject><subject>Ethnic groups</subject><subject>Ethnicity</subject><subject>Health surveillance</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunisation</subject><subject>Immunization</subject><subject>Inequalities</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Minority & ethnic groups</subject><subject>Minority Groups</subject><subject>Older people</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Population studies</subject><subject>Registries</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Regression models</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>Shielding</subject><subject>Social workers</subject><subject>Socioeconomic factors</subject><subject>United Kingdom</subject><subject>Urban areas</subject><subject>Vaccination</subject><subject>Vaccines</subject><subject>Wales - epidemiology</subject><issn>0264-410X</issn><issn>1873-2518</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU1v1DAQhi0EokvhJ4AsceFAwtixk5hDUbV8rajUCwVulmNPFq-ycWonK_Xfk_2gAi6cRqN5_I7nfQl5ziBnwMo3m3xnrPU95hw4y0HlwNQDsmB1VWRcsvohWQAvRSYY_DgjT1LaAIAsmHpMzgohhSiBLciw6vF2Mp0fPSbqe2rDDqNZIw0tXV5_W73PmKLHVWb0oX9LL-kQhqk7dDTi2qcRI21MQkdtDCllCe1-aDqaxsnd7WW_mw7Ta3rz5Sl51Jou4bNTPSc3Hz98XX7Orq4_rZaXV5kVSo6Z4i1aWzJRVyUKZ9taMo7cNk45DgxqxWRdQdWIRkhVS6sca1rHpa1k24AozsnFUXeYmi06i_0YTaeH6Lcm3ulgvP570vufeh12uha8UIrNAq9OAjHcTphGvfXJYteZHsOUNJeVhLLkTM3oy3_QTZjifP-BqmarlaxnSh6pg0kR2_vPMND7TPVGnzLV-0w1KA0H9Rd_XnL_6neIM_DuCODs585j1Ml67C06H-cktAv-Pyt-ARFTtdw</recordid><startdate>20211008</startdate><enddate>20211008</enddate><creator>Perry, Malorie</creator><creator>Akbari, Ashley</creator><creator>Cottrell, Simon</creator><creator>Gravenor, Michael B.</creator><creator>Roberts, Richard</creator><creator>Lyons, Ronan A.</creator><creator>Bedston, Stuart</creator><creator>Torabi, Fatemah</creator><creator>Griffiths, Lucy</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><general>Elsevier Science</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88C</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1397-5934</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5635-5957</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0814-0801</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6092-6700</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5225-000X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20211008</creationdate><title>Inequalities in coverage of COVID-19 vaccination: A population register based cross-sectional study in Wales, UK</title><author>Perry, Malorie ; Akbari, Ashley ; Cottrell, Simon ; Gravenor, Michael B. ; Roberts, Richard ; Lyons, Ronan A. ; Bedston, Stuart ; Torabi, Fatemah ; Griffiths, Lucy</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c495t-92fecc614876e4dcf8512e2cbd9d201089158707b4b45985c9d1bfd25c75fb043</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Age groups</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>COVID-19 Vaccines</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Deprivation</topic><topic>Electronic health records</topic><topic>Electronic medical records</topic><topic>Ethnic groups</topic><topic>Ethnicity</topic><topic>Health surveillance</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunisation</topic><topic>Immunization</topic><topic>Inequalities</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Minority & ethnic groups</topic><topic>Minority Groups</topic><topic>Older people</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>Population</topic><topic>Population studies</topic><topic>Registries</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Regression models</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2</topic><topic>Shielding</topic><topic>Social workers</topic><topic>Socioeconomic factors</topic><topic>United Kingdom</topic><topic>Urban areas</topic><topic>Vaccination</topic><topic>Vaccines</topic><topic>Wales - epidemiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Perry, Malorie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akbari, Ashley</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cottrell, Simon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gravenor, Michael B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roberts, Richard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lyons, Ronan A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bedston, Stuart</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Torabi, Fatemah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Griffiths, Lucy</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Journals</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest_Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database (Proquest)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Family Health Database (Proquest)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health Management Database (Proquest)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>ProQuest research library</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Vaccine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Perry, Malorie</au><au>Akbari, Ashley</au><au>Cottrell, Simon</au><au>Gravenor, Michael B.</au><au>Roberts, Richard</au><au>Lyons, Ronan A.</au><au>Bedston, Stuart</au><au>Torabi, Fatemah</au><au>Griffiths, Lucy</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Inequalities in coverage of COVID-19 vaccination: A population register based cross-sectional study in Wales, UK</atitle><jtitle>Vaccine</jtitle><addtitle>Vaccine</addtitle><date>2021-10-08</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>39</volume><issue>42</issue><spage>6256</spage><epage>6261</epage><pages>6256-6261</pages><issn>0264-410X</issn><eissn>1873-2518</eissn><abstract>•First study to examine equality in coverage of COVID-19 vaccination across Wales.•Overall vaccination coverage for COVID-19 vaccination is high.•Vaccination coverage is lower in more deprived areas and among ethnic minority groups.•First vaccine study to use census linkage providing high data coverage on ethnic group.•Closing the vaccination equity gap before further waves of infection should be a priority.
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted existing health inequalities for ethnic minority groups and those living in more socioeconomically deprived areas in the UK. With higher levels of severe outcomes in these groups, equitable vaccination coverage should be prioritised. The aim of this study was to identify inequalities in coverage of COVID-19 vaccination in Wales, UK and to highlight areas which may benefit from routine enhanced surveillance and targeted interventions.
Records within the Wales Immunisation System (WIS) population register were linked to the Welsh Demographic Service Dataset (WDSD) and central list of shielding patients, held within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. Ethnic group was derived from the 2011 census and over 20 administrative electronic health record (EHR) data sources. Uptake of first dose of any COVID-19 vaccine was analysed over time, with the odds of being vaccinated as at 25th April 2021 by sex, health board of residence, rural/urban classification, deprivation quintile and ethnic group presented. Using logistic regression models, analyses were adjusted for age group, care home resident status, health and social care worker status and shielding status.
This study included 1,256,412 individuals aged 50 years and over. Vaccine coverage increased steadily from 8th December 2020 until mid-April 2021. Overall uptake of first dose of COVID-19 vaccine in this group was 92.1%. After adjustment the odds of being vaccinated were lower for individuals who were male, resident in the most deprived areas, resident in an urban area and an ethnic group other than White. The largest inequality was seen between ethnic groups, with the odds of being vaccinated 0.22 (95 %CI 0.21–0.24) if in any Black ethnic group compared to any White ethnic group.
Ongoing monitoring of inequity in uptake of vaccinations is required, with better targeted interventions and engagement with deprived and ethnic communities to improve vaccination uptake.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>34544601</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.09.019</doi><tpages>6</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1397-5934</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5635-5957</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0814-0801</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6092-6700</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5225-000X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 0264-410X |
ispartof | Vaccine, 2021-10, Vol.39 (42), p.6256-6261 |
issn | 0264-410X 1873-2518 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8423991 |
source | MEDLINE; ScienceDirect Freedom Collection (Elsevier); ProQuest Central UK/Ireland |
subjects | Age groups Aged Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 Vaccines Cross-Sectional Studies Deprivation Electronic health records Electronic medical records Ethnic groups Ethnicity Health surveillance Humans Immunisation Immunization Inequalities Male Middle Aged Minority & ethnic groups Minority Groups Older people Pandemics Population Population studies Registries Regression analysis Regression models SARS-CoV-2 Shielding Social workers Socioeconomic factors United Kingdom Urban areas Vaccination Vaccines Wales - epidemiology |
title | Inequalities in coverage of COVID-19 vaccination: A population register based cross-sectional study in Wales, UK |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-25T05%3A30%3A44IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Inequalities%20in%20coverage%20of%20COVID-19%20vaccination:%20A%20population%20register%20based%20cross-sectional%20study%20in%20Wales,%20UK&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.au=Perry,%20Malorie&rft.date=2021-10-08&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=42&rft.spage=6256&rft.epage=6261&rft.pages=6256-6261&rft.issn=0264-410X&rft.eissn=1873-2518&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.09.019&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E2575066219%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2577446958&rft_id=info:pmid/34544601&rft_els_id=S0264410X21011981&rfr_iscdi=true |