Role of iNOS in osteoarthritis: Pathological and therapeutic aspects

Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation has a key role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Nitric oxide (NO) has been established as one of the major inflammatory mediators in OA and drives many pathological changes during the development and progression of OA. Excessive production...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of cellular physiology 2020-10, Vol.235 (10), p.6366-6376
Hauptverfasser: Ahmad, Nashrah, Ansari, Mohammad Y., Haqqi, Tariq M.
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creator Ahmad, Nashrah
Ansari, Mohammad Y.
Haqqi, Tariq M.
description Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation has a key role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Nitric oxide (NO) has been established as one of the major inflammatory mediators in OA and drives many pathological changes during the development and progression of OA. Excessive production of NO in chondrocytes promotes cartilage destruction and cellular injury. The synthesis of NO in chondrocytes is catalyzed by inducible NO synthase (iNOS), which is thereby an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of OA. A number of direct and indirect iNOS inhibitors, bioactive compounds, and plant‐derived small molecules have been shown to exhibit chondroprotective effects by suppressing the expression of iNOS. Many of these iNOS inhibitors hold promise for the development of new, disease‐modifying therapies for OA; however, attempts to demonstrate their success in clinical trials are not yet successful. Many plant extracts and plant‐derived small molecules have also shown promise in animal models of OA, though further studies are needed in human clinical trials to confirm their therapeutic potential. In this review, we discuss the role of iNOS in OA pathology and the effects of various iNOS inhibitors in OA. Accumulating evidence suggests that nitric oxide (NO) is one of the major inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritis (OA) and drives many pathological changes during the development and progression of OA. Synthesis of NO in chondrocytes is catalyzed by inducible NO synthase (iNOS), which is thereby an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of OA. This review article aims to summarize the role of iNOS in OA pathology and the effects and therapeutic potential of various iNOS inhibitors in OA.
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Nitric oxide (NO) has been established as one of the major inflammatory mediators in OA and drives many pathological changes during the development and progression of OA. Excessive production of NO in chondrocytes promotes cartilage destruction and cellular injury. The synthesis of NO in chondrocytes is catalyzed by inducible NO synthase (iNOS), which is thereby an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of OA. A number of direct and indirect iNOS inhibitors, bioactive compounds, and plant‐derived small molecules have been shown to exhibit chondroprotective effects by suppressing the expression of iNOS. Many of these iNOS inhibitors hold promise for the development of new, disease‐modifying therapies for OA; however, attempts to demonstrate their success in clinical trials are not yet successful. Many plant extracts and plant‐derived small molecules have also shown promise in animal models of OA, though further studies are needed in human clinical trials to confirm their therapeutic potential. In this review, we discuss the role of iNOS in OA pathology and the effects of various iNOS inhibitors in OA. Accumulating evidence suggests that nitric oxide (NO) is one of the major inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritis (OA) and drives many pathological changes during the development and progression of OA. Synthesis of NO in chondrocytes is catalyzed by inducible NO synthase (iNOS), which is thereby an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of OA. 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subjects Animal models
Animals
Arthritis
Bioactive compounds
Biomedical materials
Cartilage
Cartilage diseases
Chemical synthesis
Chondrocytes
Clinical trials
Humans
Inflammation
Inflammation - drug therapy
Inflammation - metabolism
Inflammation - pathology
Inflammation Mediators - metabolism
Inhibitors
iNOS
iNOS inhibitor
Nitric oxide
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II - metabolism
Nitric-oxide synthase
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis - drug therapy
Osteoarthritis - metabolism
Osteoarthritis - pathology
Oxidative stress
Pathogenesis
Plant extracts
Plant Extracts - pharmacology
title Role of iNOS in osteoarthritis: Pathological and therapeutic aspects
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