Progress in 50 years of viroid research—Molecular structure, pathogenicity, and host adaptation

Viroids are non-encapsidated, single-stranded, circular RNAs consisting of 246–434 nucleotides. Despite their non-protein-encoding RNA nature, viroids replicate autonomously in host cells. To date, more than 25 diseases in more than 15 crops, including vegetables, fruit trees, and flowers, have been...

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