Methylation of Host Genes Associated with Coronavirus Infection from Birth to 26 Years
DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns over time at 1146 CpGs on coronavirus-related genes were assessed to understand whether the varying differences in susceptibility, symptoms, and the outcomes of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and young adults could be explained through epigenetic alterations in...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Genes 2021-07, Vol.12 (8), p.1198 |
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description | DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns over time at 1146 CpGs on coronavirus-related genes were assessed to understand whether the varying differences in susceptibility, symptoms, and the outcomes of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and young adults could be explained through epigenetic alterations in a host cell’s transcriptional apparatus to coronaviruses. DNAm data from the Isle of Wight birth cohort (IOWBC) at birth, 10, 18, and 26 years of age were included. Linear mixed models with repeated measurements stratified by sex were used to examine temporal patterns, and cluster analysis was performed to identify CpGs following similar patterns. CpGs on autosomes and sex chromosomes were analyzed separately. The association of identified CpGs and expression of their genes were evaluated. Pathway enrichment analyses of the genes was conducted at FDR = 0.05. DNAm at 635 of the 1146 CpGs on autosomes showed statistically significant time effects (FDR = 0.05). The 635 CpGs were classified into five clusters with each representing a unique temporal pattern of DNAm. Of the 29 CpGs on sex chromosomes, DNAm at seven CpGs in males and eight CpGs in females showed time effects (FDR = 0.05). Sex-specific and non-specific associations of DNAm with gene expression were found at 24 and 93 CpGs, respectively. Genes which mapped the 643 CpGs represent 460 biological processes. We suggest that the observed variability in DNAm with advancing age may partially explain differing susceptibility, disease severity, and mortality of coronavirus infections among different age groups. |
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Hasan ; Karmaus, Wilfried</creator><creatorcontrib>Rathod, Rutu ; Rathod, Aniruddha ; Rahimabad, Parnian Kheirkhah ; Duan, Jiasong ; Zhang, Hongmei ; Arshad, S. Hasan ; Karmaus, Wilfried</creatorcontrib><description>DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns over time at 1146 CpGs on coronavirus-related genes were assessed to understand whether the varying differences in susceptibility, symptoms, and the outcomes of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and young adults could be explained through epigenetic alterations in a host cell’s transcriptional apparatus to coronaviruses. DNAm data from the Isle of Wight birth cohort (IOWBC) at birth, 10, 18, and 26 years of age were included. Linear mixed models with repeated measurements stratified by sex were used to examine temporal patterns, and cluster analysis was performed to identify CpGs following similar patterns. CpGs on autosomes and sex chromosomes were analyzed separately. The association of identified CpGs and expression of their genes were evaluated. Pathway enrichment analyses of the genes was conducted at FDR = 0.05. DNAm at 635 of the 1146 CpGs on autosomes showed statistically significant time effects (FDR = 0.05). The 635 CpGs were classified into five clusters with each representing a unique temporal pattern of DNAm. Of the 29 CpGs on sex chromosomes, DNAm at seven CpGs in males and eight CpGs in females showed time effects (FDR = 0.05). Sex-specific and non-specific associations of DNAm with gene expression were found at 24 and 93 CpGs, respectively. Genes which mapped the 643 CpGs represent 460 biological processes. We suggest that the observed variability in DNAm with advancing age may partially explain differing susceptibility, disease severity, and mortality of coronavirus infections among different age groups.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4425</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4425</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/genes12081198</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34440372</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Adults ; Age ; Coronaviruses ; DNA methylation ; Epigenetics ; Gene expression ; Genetic engineering ; Genomes ; Infections ; Middle East respiratory syndrome ; Mortality ; Pathogenesis ; Respiratory diseases ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Sex chromosomes ; Statistical analysis ; Transcription ; Viral infections ; Young adults</subject><ispartof>Genes, 2021-07, Vol.12 (8), p.1198</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c392t-43b3af5729f9766c093ce1b7b8671c4cf3d044e52a253016c2f8476a738052d53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c392t-43b3af5729f9766c093ce1b7b8671c4cf3d044e52a253016c2f8476a738052d53</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2684-1492 ; 0000-0003-3557-0364</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8392033/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8392033/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rathod, Rutu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rathod, Aniruddha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rahimabad, Parnian Kheirkhah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duan, Jiasong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Hongmei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arshad, S. Hasan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karmaus, Wilfried</creatorcontrib><title>Methylation of Host Genes Associated with Coronavirus Infection from Birth to 26 Years</title><title>Genes</title><description>DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns over time at 1146 CpGs on coronavirus-related genes were assessed to understand whether the varying differences in susceptibility, symptoms, and the outcomes of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and young adults could be explained through epigenetic alterations in a host cell’s transcriptional apparatus to coronaviruses. DNAm data from the Isle of Wight birth cohort (IOWBC) at birth, 10, 18, and 26 years of age were included. Linear mixed models with repeated measurements stratified by sex were used to examine temporal patterns, and cluster analysis was performed to identify CpGs following similar patterns. CpGs on autosomes and sex chromosomes were analyzed separately. The association of identified CpGs and expression of their genes were evaluated. Pathway enrichment analyses of the genes was conducted at FDR = 0.05. DNAm at 635 of the 1146 CpGs on autosomes showed statistically significant time effects (FDR = 0.05). The 635 CpGs were classified into five clusters with each representing a unique temporal pattern of DNAm. Of the 29 CpGs on sex chromosomes, DNAm at seven CpGs in males and eight CpGs in females showed time effects (FDR = 0.05). Sex-specific and non-specific associations of DNAm with gene expression were found at 24 and 93 CpGs, respectively. Genes which mapped the 643 CpGs represent 460 biological processes. We suggest that the observed variability in DNAm with advancing age may partially explain differing susceptibility, disease severity, and mortality of coronavirus infections among different age groups.</description><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>DNA methylation</subject><subject>Epigenetics</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Genetic engineering</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Middle East respiratory syndrome</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Pathogenesis</subject><subject>Respiratory diseases</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Sex chromosomes</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Transcription</subject><subject>Viral infections</subject><subject>Young adults</subject><issn>2073-4425</issn><issn>2073-4425</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkU1PHDEMhqOqCBBw5B6pl16mOHE-Zi6V6IoC0la9QKWeomw22Q2anWyTDBX_vrMsQlBfbMmPX9t6CTln8AWxg4uVH3xhHFrGuvYDOeagsRGCy49v6iNyVsoDTCGAA8hDcoRCCEDNj8mvH76un3pbYxpoCvQmlUqvd7L0spTkoq1-Sf_GuqazlNNgH2MeC70dgnfPMyGnDf0W8wTURLmiv73N5ZQcBNsXf_aST8j996u72U0z_3l9O7ucNw47XhuBC7RBat6FTivloEPn2UIvWqWZEy7gEoTwklsuEZhyPLRCK6uxBcmXEk_I173udlxs_NL5oWbbm22OG5ufTLLRvO8McW1W6dG0035AnAQ-vwjk9Gf0pZpNLM73vR18GovhUilAwVQ7oZ_-Qx_SmIfpvR0lOWpEmKhmT7mcSsk-vB7DwOxMM-9Mw3-izYf7</recordid><startdate>20210731</startdate><enddate>20210731</enddate><creator>Rathod, Rutu</creator><creator>Rathod, Aniruddha</creator><creator>Rahimabad, Parnian Kheirkhah</creator><creator>Duan, Jiasong</creator><creator>Zhang, Hongmei</creator><creator>Arshad, S. Hasan</creator><creator>Karmaus, Wilfried</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2684-1492</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3557-0364</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210731</creationdate><title>Methylation of Host Genes Associated with Coronavirus Infection from Birth to 26 Years</title><author>Rathod, Rutu ; Rathod, Aniruddha ; Rahimabad, Parnian Kheirkhah ; Duan, Jiasong ; Zhang, Hongmei ; Arshad, S. Hasan ; Karmaus, Wilfried</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c392t-43b3af5729f9766c093ce1b7b8671c4cf3d044e52a253016c2f8476a738052d53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adults</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>DNA methylation</topic><topic>Epigenetics</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Genetic engineering</topic><topic>Genomes</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Middle East respiratory syndrome</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Pathogenesis</topic><topic>Respiratory diseases</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</topic><topic>Sex chromosomes</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Transcription</topic><topic>Viral infections</topic><topic>Young adults</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rathod, Rutu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rathod, Aniruddha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rahimabad, Parnian Kheirkhah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duan, Jiasong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Hongmei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arshad, S. 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Hasan</au><au>Karmaus, Wilfried</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Methylation of Host Genes Associated with Coronavirus Infection from Birth to 26 Years</atitle><jtitle>Genes</jtitle><date>2021-07-31</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>1198</spage><pages>1198-</pages><issn>2073-4425</issn><eissn>2073-4425</eissn><abstract>DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns over time at 1146 CpGs on coronavirus-related genes were assessed to understand whether the varying differences in susceptibility, symptoms, and the outcomes of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and young adults could be explained through epigenetic alterations in a host cell’s transcriptional apparatus to coronaviruses. DNAm data from the Isle of Wight birth cohort (IOWBC) at birth, 10, 18, and 26 years of age were included. Linear mixed models with repeated measurements stratified by sex were used to examine temporal patterns, and cluster analysis was performed to identify CpGs following similar patterns. CpGs on autosomes and sex chromosomes were analyzed separately. The association of identified CpGs and expression of their genes were evaluated. Pathway enrichment analyses of the genes was conducted at FDR = 0.05. DNAm at 635 of the 1146 CpGs on autosomes showed statistically significant time effects (FDR = 0.05). The 635 CpGs were classified into five clusters with each representing a unique temporal pattern of DNAm. Of the 29 CpGs on sex chromosomes, DNAm at seven CpGs in males and eight CpGs in females showed time effects (FDR = 0.05). Sex-specific and non-specific associations of DNAm with gene expression were found at 24 and 93 CpGs, respectively. Genes which mapped the 643 CpGs represent 460 biological processes. We suggest that the observed variability in DNAm with advancing age may partially explain differing susceptibility, disease severity, and mortality of coronavirus infections among different age groups.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>34440372</pmid><doi>10.3390/genes12081198</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2684-1492</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3557-0364</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adults Age Coronaviruses DNA methylation Epigenetics Gene expression Genetic engineering Genomes Infections Middle East respiratory syndrome Mortality Pathogenesis Respiratory diseases Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Sex chromosomes Statistical analysis Transcription Viral infections Young adults |
title | Methylation of Host Genes Associated with Coronavirus Infection from Birth to 26 Years |
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