The life in a gradient: calcium, the lncRNA SPRR2C and mir542/mir196a meet in the epidermis to regulate the aging process
The turnover of the epidermis beginning with the progenitor cells in the basal layer to the fully differentiated corneocytes is tightly regulated by calcium. Calcium more than anything else promotes the differentiation of keratinocytes which implies the need for a calcium gradient with low concentra...
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creator | Breunig, Sven Wallner, Veronika Kobler, Katharina Wimmer, Herbert Steinbacher, Peter Streubel, Maria Karolin Bischof, Johannes Duschl, Jutta Neuhofer, Claudia Gruber, Wolfgang Aberger, Fritz Breitenbach, Michael Russe, Elisabeth Wechselberger, Gottfried Duranton, Albert Richter, Klaus Rinnerthaler, Mark |
description | The turnover of the epidermis beginning with the progenitor cells in the basal layer to the fully differentiated corneocytes is tightly regulated by calcium. Calcium more than anything else promotes the differentiation of keratinocytes which implies the need for a calcium gradient with low concentrations in the stratum basale and high concentrations in the stratum granulosum. One of the hallmarks of skin aging is a collapse of this gradient that has a direct impact on the epidermal fitness. The rise of calcium in the stratum basale reduces cell proliferation, whereas the drop of calcium in the stratum granulosum leads to a changed composition of the cornified envelope. We showed that keratinocytes respond to the calcium induced block of cell division by a large increase of the expression of several miRNAs (hsa-mir542-5p, hsa-mir125a, hsa-mir135a-5p, hsa-mir196a-5p, hsa-mir491-5p and hsa-mir552-5p). The pitfall of this rescue mechanism is a dramatic change in gene expression which causes a further impairment of the epidermal barrier. This effect is attenuated by a pseudogene (SPRR2C) that gives rise to a lncRNA. SPRR2C specifically resides in the stratum granulosum/corneum thus acting as a sponge for miRNAs. |
doi_str_mv | 10.18632/aging.203385 |
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Calcium more than anything else promotes the differentiation of keratinocytes which implies the need for a calcium gradient with low concentrations in the stratum basale and high concentrations in the stratum granulosum. One of the hallmarks of skin aging is a collapse of this gradient that has a direct impact on the epidermal fitness. The rise of calcium in the stratum basale reduces cell proliferation, whereas the drop of calcium in the stratum granulosum leads to a changed composition of the cornified envelope. We showed that keratinocytes respond to the calcium induced block of cell division by a large increase of the expression of several miRNAs (hsa-mir542-5p, hsa-mir125a, hsa-mir135a-5p, hsa-mir196a-5p, hsa-mir491-5p and hsa-mir552-5p). The pitfall of this rescue mechanism is a dramatic change in gene expression which causes a further impairment of the epidermal barrier. This effect is attenuated by a pseudogene (SPRR2C) that gives rise to a lncRNA. SPRR2C specifically resides in the stratum granulosum/corneum thus acting as a sponge for miRNAs.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1945-4589</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1945-4589</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.18632/aging.203385</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34339392</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Impact Journals</publisher><subject>Calcium - metabolism ; Cell Differentiation - physiology ; Cell Proliferation ; Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins - genetics ; Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins - metabolism ; Epidermal Cells - metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Keratinocytes - cytology ; MicroRNAs - genetics ; MicroRNAs - metabolism ; Research Paper ; RNA, Long Noncoding - genetics ; Skin Aging - genetics</subject><ispartof>Aging (Albany, NY.), 2021-08, Vol.13 (15), p.19127-19144</ispartof><rights>Copyright: © 2021 Breunig et al.</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c387t-2574c5d5b90624d108f843245b9806853781dc8560ce7124da0c190f28d656b43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c387t-2574c5d5b90624d108f843245b9806853781dc8560ce7124da0c190f28d656b43</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8386546/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8386546/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34339392$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Breunig, Sven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wallner, Veronika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kobler, Katharina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wimmer, Herbert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Steinbacher, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Streubel, Maria Karolin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bischof, Johannes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duschl, Jutta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Neuhofer, Claudia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gruber, Wolfgang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aberger, Fritz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Breitenbach, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Russe, Elisabeth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wechselberger, Gottfried</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duranton, Albert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Richter, Klaus</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rinnerthaler, Mark</creatorcontrib><title>The life in a gradient: calcium, the lncRNA SPRR2C and mir542/mir196a meet in the epidermis to regulate the aging process</title><title>Aging (Albany, NY.)</title><addtitle>Aging (Albany NY)</addtitle><description>The turnover of the epidermis beginning with the progenitor cells in the basal layer to the fully differentiated corneocytes is tightly regulated by calcium. Calcium more than anything else promotes the differentiation of keratinocytes which implies the need for a calcium gradient with low concentrations in the stratum basale and high concentrations in the stratum granulosum. One of the hallmarks of skin aging is a collapse of this gradient that has a direct impact on the epidermal fitness. The rise of calcium in the stratum basale reduces cell proliferation, whereas the drop of calcium in the stratum granulosum leads to a changed composition of the cornified envelope. We showed that keratinocytes respond to the calcium induced block of cell division by a large increase of the expression of several miRNAs (hsa-mir542-5p, hsa-mir125a, hsa-mir135a-5p, hsa-mir196a-5p, hsa-mir491-5p and hsa-mir552-5p). The pitfall of this rescue mechanism is a dramatic change in gene expression which causes a further impairment of the epidermal barrier. This effect is attenuated by a pseudogene (SPRR2C) that gives rise to a lncRNA. SPRR2C specifically resides in the stratum granulosum/corneum thus acting as a sponge for miRNAs.</description><subject>Calcium - metabolism</subject><subject>Cell Differentiation - physiology</subject><subject>Cell Proliferation</subject><subject>Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Epidermal Cells - metabolism</subject><subject>Gene Expression</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Keratinocytes - cytology</subject><subject>MicroRNAs - genetics</subject><subject>MicroRNAs - metabolism</subject><subject>Research Paper</subject><subject>RNA, Long Noncoding - genetics</subject><subject>Skin Aging - genetics</subject><issn>1945-4589</issn><issn>1945-4589</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpVkUlLBDEQhYMo7kevkqMHW7N32oMggxuIyqjnkElXt5FexqRb8N-bmVHRUxVVH6-Wh9ABJSdUK85Obe27-oQRzrVcQ9u0EDITUhfrf_IttBPjGyFKSqE20RYXnBe8YNvo8_kVcOMrwL7DFtfBlh664Qw72zg_tsd4WACdm95f4KfH6ZRNsO1K3PogBTtNgRbK4hZgWCgsYJj7EkLrIx56HKAeGzvAsrNcFc9D7yDGPbRR2SbC_nfcRS9Xl8-Tm-zu4fp2cnGXOa7zIWMyF06WclYQxURJia604EykgiZKS55rWjotFXGQ00RY4mhBKqZLJdVM8F10vtKdj7MWSpeuC7Yx8-BbGz5Nb7353-n8q6n7D6O5VuldSeDoWyD07yPEwaTbHDSN7aAfo2FS5lISylhCsxXqQh9jgOp3DCVmaZdZ_sCs7Er84d_dfukff_gXt9aPsg</recordid><startdate>20210802</startdate><enddate>20210802</enddate><creator>Breunig, Sven</creator><creator>Wallner, Veronika</creator><creator>Kobler, Katharina</creator><creator>Wimmer, Herbert</creator><creator>Steinbacher, Peter</creator><creator>Streubel, Maria Karolin</creator><creator>Bischof, Johannes</creator><creator>Duschl, Jutta</creator><creator>Neuhofer, Claudia</creator><creator>Gruber, Wolfgang</creator><creator>Aberger, Fritz</creator><creator>Breitenbach, Michael</creator><creator>Russe, Elisabeth</creator><creator>Wechselberger, Gottfried</creator><creator>Duranton, Albert</creator><creator>Richter, Klaus</creator><creator>Rinnerthaler, Mark</creator><general>Impact Journals</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210802</creationdate><title>The life in a gradient: calcium, the lncRNA SPRR2C and mir542/mir196a meet in the epidermis to regulate the aging process</title><author>Breunig, Sven ; Wallner, Veronika ; Kobler, Katharina ; Wimmer, Herbert ; Steinbacher, Peter ; Streubel, Maria Karolin ; Bischof, Johannes ; Duschl, Jutta ; Neuhofer, Claudia ; Gruber, Wolfgang ; Aberger, Fritz ; Breitenbach, Michael ; Russe, Elisabeth ; Wechselberger, Gottfried ; Duranton, Albert ; Richter, Klaus ; Rinnerthaler, Mark</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c387t-2574c5d5b90624d108f843245b9806853781dc8560ce7124da0c190f28d656b43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Calcium - metabolism</topic><topic>Cell Differentiation - physiology</topic><topic>Cell Proliferation</topic><topic>Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Epidermal Cells - metabolism</topic><topic>Gene Expression</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Keratinocytes - cytology</topic><topic>MicroRNAs - genetics</topic><topic>MicroRNAs - metabolism</topic><topic>Research Paper</topic><topic>RNA, Long Noncoding - genetics</topic><topic>Skin Aging - genetics</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Breunig, Sven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wallner, Veronika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kobler, Katharina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wimmer, Herbert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Steinbacher, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Streubel, Maria Karolin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bischof, Johannes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duschl, Jutta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Neuhofer, Claudia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gruber, Wolfgang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aberger, Fritz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Breitenbach, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Russe, Elisabeth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wechselberger, Gottfried</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duranton, Albert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Richter, Klaus</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rinnerthaler, Mark</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Aging (Albany, NY.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Breunig, Sven</au><au>Wallner, Veronika</au><au>Kobler, Katharina</au><au>Wimmer, Herbert</au><au>Steinbacher, Peter</au><au>Streubel, Maria Karolin</au><au>Bischof, Johannes</au><au>Duschl, Jutta</au><au>Neuhofer, Claudia</au><au>Gruber, Wolfgang</au><au>Aberger, Fritz</au><au>Breitenbach, Michael</au><au>Russe, Elisabeth</au><au>Wechselberger, Gottfried</au><au>Duranton, Albert</au><au>Richter, Klaus</au><au>Rinnerthaler, Mark</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The life in a gradient: calcium, the lncRNA SPRR2C and mir542/mir196a meet in the epidermis to regulate the aging process</atitle><jtitle>Aging (Albany, NY.)</jtitle><addtitle>Aging (Albany NY)</addtitle><date>2021-08-02</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>15</issue><spage>19127</spage><epage>19144</epage><pages>19127-19144</pages><issn>1945-4589</issn><eissn>1945-4589</eissn><abstract>The turnover of the epidermis beginning with the progenitor cells in the basal layer to the fully differentiated corneocytes is tightly regulated by calcium. Calcium more than anything else promotes the differentiation of keratinocytes which implies the need for a calcium gradient with low concentrations in the stratum basale and high concentrations in the stratum granulosum. One of the hallmarks of skin aging is a collapse of this gradient that has a direct impact on the epidermal fitness. The rise of calcium in the stratum basale reduces cell proliferation, whereas the drop of calcium in the stratum granulosum leads to a changed composition of the cornified envelope. We showed that keratinocytes respond to the calcium induced block of cell division by a large increase of the expression of several miRNAs (hsa-mir542-5p, hsa-mir125a, hsa-mir135a-5p, hsa-mir196a-5p, hsa-mir491-5p and hsa-mir552-5p). The pitfall of this rescue mechanism is a dramatic change in gene expression which causes a further impairment of the epidermal barrier. This effect is attenuated by a pseudogene (SPRR2C) that gives rise to a lncRNA. SPRR2C specifically resides in the stratum granulosum/corneum thus acting as a sponge for miRNAs.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Impact Journals</pub><pmid>34339392</pmid><doi>10.18632/aging.203385</doi><tpages>18</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Calcium - metabolism Cell Differentiation - physiology Cell Proliferation Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins - genetics Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins - metabolism Epidermal Cells - metabolism Gene Expression Humans Keratinocytes - cytology MicroRNAs - genetics MicroRNAs - metabolism Research Paper RNA, Long Noncoding - genetics Skin Aging - genetics |
title | The life in a gradient: calcium, the lncRNA SPRR2C and mir542/mir196a meet in the epidermis to regulate the aging process |
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