Changes of Hypocretin (Orexin) System in Schizophrenia: From Plasma to Brain
Abstract Hypocretin (also called orexin) regulates various functions, such as sleep-wake rhythms, attention, cognition, and energy balance, which show significant changes in schizophrenia (SCZ). We aimed to identify alterations in the hypocretin system in SCZ patients. We measured plasma hypocretin-...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Schizophrenia bulletin 2021-08, Vol.47 (5), p.1310-1319 |
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| creator | Lu, Jing Huang, Man-Li Li, Jin-Hui Jin, Kang-Yu Li, Hai-Mei Mou, Ting-Ting Fronczek, Rolf Duan, Jin-Feng Xu, Wei-Juan Swaab, Dick Bao, Ai-Min |
| description | Abstract
Hypocretin (also called orexin) regulates various functions, such as sleep-wake rhythms, attention, cognition, and energy balance, which show significant changes in schizophrenia (SCZ). We aimed to identify alterations in the hypocretin system in SCZ patients. We measured plasma hypocretin-1 levels in SCZ patients and healthy controls and found significantly decreased plasma hypocretin-1 levels in SCZ patients, which was mainly due to a significant decrease in female SCZ patients compared with female controls. In addition, we measured postmortem hypothalamic hypocretin-1-immunoreactivity (ir), ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypocretin-1 levels, and hypocretin receptor (Hcrt-R) mRNA expression in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) in SCZ patients and controls We observed a significant decrease in the amount of hypothalamic hypocretin-1 ir in SCZ patients, which was due to decreased amounts in female but not male patients. Moreover, Hcrt-R2 mRNA in the SFG was decreased in female SCZ patients compared with female controls, while male SCZ patients showed a trend of increased Hcrt-R1 mRNA and Hcrt-R2 mRNA expression compared with male controls. We conclude that central hypocretin neurotransmission is decreased in SCZ patients, especially female patients, and this is reflected in the plasma. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/schbul/sbab042 |
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Hypocretin (also called orexin) regulates various functions, such as sleep-wake rhythms, attention, cognition, and energy balance, which show significant changes in schizophrenia (SCZ). We aimed to identify alterations in the hypocretin system in SCZ patients. We measured plasma hypocretin-1 levels in SCZ patients and healthy controls and found significantly decreased plasma hypocretin-1 levels in SCZ patients, which was mainly due to a significant decrease in female SCZ patients compared with female controls. In addition, we measured postmortem hypothalamic hypocretin-1-immunoreactivity (ir), ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypocretin-1 levels, and hypocretin receptor (Hcrt-R) mRNA expression in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) in SCZ patients and controls We observed a significant decrease in the amount of hypothalamic hypocretin-1 ir in SCZ patients, which was due to decreased amounts in female but not male patients. Moreover, Hcrt-R2 mRNA in the SFG was decreased in female SCZ patients compared with female controls, while male SCZ patients showed a trend of increased Hcrt-R1 mRNA and Hcrt-R2 mRNA expression compared with male controls. We conclude that central hypocretin neurotransmission is decreased in SCZ patients, especially female patients, and this is reflected in the plasma.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0586-7614</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1745-1701</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab042</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33974073</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>US: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Adult ; Autopsy ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothalamus - metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orexin Receptors - metabolism ; Orexins - blood ; Orexins - metabolism ; Prefrontal Cortex - metabolism ; Regular ; Schizophrenia - blood ; Schizophrenia - metabolism ; Sex Factors</subject><ispartof>Schizophrenia bulletin, 2021-08, Vol.47 (5), p.1310-1319</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com 2021</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c424t-66c6a5a0cecaa448abe67345bc50381eec8b241df53207eb54234d0ed1f35ccd3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c424t-66c6a5a0cecaa448abe67345bc50381eec8b241df53207eb54234d0ed1f35ccd3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-1935-7603</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8379539/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8379539/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,1578,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33974073$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lu, Jing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Man-Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Jin-Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jin, Kang-Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Hai-Mei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mou, Ting-Ting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fronczek, Rolf</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duan, Jin-Feng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Wei-Juan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swaab, Dick</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bao, Ai-Min</creatorcontrib><title>Changes of Hypocretin (Orexin) System in Schizophrenia: From Plasma to Brain</title><title>Schizophrenia bulletin</title><addtitle>Schizophr Bull</addtitle><description>Abstract
Hypocretin (also called orexin) regulates various functions, such as sleep-wake rhythms, attention, cognition, and energy balance, which show significant changes in schizophrenia (SCZ). We aimed to identify alterations in the hypocretin system in SCZ patients. We measured plasma hypocretin-1 levels in SCZ patients and healthy controls and found significantly decreased plasma hypocretin-1 levels in SCZ patients, which was mainly due to a significant decrease in female SCZ patients compared with female controls. In addition, we measured postmortem hypothalamic hypocretin-1-immunoreactivity (ir), ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypocretin-1 levels, and hypocretin receptor (Hcrt-R) mRNA expression in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) in SCZ patients and controls We observed a significant decrease in the amount of hypothalamic hypocretin-1 ir in SCZ patients, which was due to decreased amounts in female but not male patients. Moreover, Hcrt-R2 mRNA in the SFG was decreased in female SCZ patients compared with female controls, while male SCZ patients showed a trend of increased Hcrt-R1 mRNA and Hcrt-R2 mRNA expression compared with male controls. We conclude that central hypocretin neurotransmission is decreased in SCZ patients, especially female patients, and this is reflected in the plasma.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Autopsy</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypothalamus - metabolism</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Orexin Receptors - metabolism</subject><subject>Orexins - blood</subject><subject>Orexins - metabolism</subject><subject>Prefrontal Cortex - metabolism</subject><subject>Regular</subject><subject>Schizophrenia - blood</subject><subject>Schizophrenia - metabolism</subject><subject>Sex Factors</subject><issn>0586-7614</issn><issn>1745-1701</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkctLxDAQh4Mouj6uHiVHPVTz7MODoIsvWFBYPYc0ndpI29SkFde_3squi548BSbffDPMD6FDSk4pyfhZMFU-1Gch1zkRbANNaCJkRBNCN9GEyDSOkpiKHbQbwishVGQx20Y7nGeJIAmfoNm00u0LBOxKfLfonPHQ2xYfP3j4sO0Jni9CDw0eS3NT2U_XVR5aq8_xjXcNfqx1aDTuHb7y2rb7aKvUdYCD1buHnm-un6Z30ezh9n56OYuMYKKP4tjEWmpiwGgtRKpziBMuZG4k4SkFMGnOBC1KyRlJIJeCcVEQKGjJpTEF30MXS2835A0UBtre61p13jbaL5TTVv39aW2lXty7SnmSSZ6NguOVwLu3AUKvGhsM1LVuwQ1BMclkLFPB2IieLlHjXQgeyvUYStR3BGoZgVpFMDYc_V5ujf_cfAROloAbuv9kX9X9k9s</recordid><startdate>20210821</startdate><enddate>20210821</enddate><creator>Lu, Jing</creator><creator>Huang, Man-Li</creator><creator>Li, Jin-Hui</creator><creator>Jin, Kang-Yu</creator><creator>Li, Hai-Mei</creator><creator>Mou, Ting-Ting</creator><creator>Fronczek, Rolf</creator><creator>Duan, Jin-Feng</creator><creator>Xu, Wei-Juan</creator><creator>Swaab, Dick</creator><creator>Bao, Ai-Min</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1935-7603</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210821</creationdate><title>Changes of Hypocretin (Orexin) System in Schizophrenia: From Plasma to Brain</title><author>Lu, Jing ; Huang, Man-Li ; Li, Jin-Hui ; Jin, Kang-Yu ; Li, Hai-Mei ; Mou, Ting-Ting ; Fronczek, Rolf ; Duan, Jin-Feng ; Xu, Wei-Juan ; Swaab, Dick ; Bao, Ai-Min</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c424t-66c6a5a0cecaa448abe67345bc50381eec8b241df53207eb54234d0ed1f35ccd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Autopsy</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypothalamus - metabolism</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Orexin Receptors - metabolism</topic><topic>Orexins - blood</topic><topic>Orexins - metabolism</topic><topic>Prefrontal Cortex - metabolism</topic><topic>Regular</topic><topic>Schizophrenia - blood</topic><topic>Schizophrenia - metabolism</topic><topic>Sex Factors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lu, Jing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Man-Li</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Jin-Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jin, Kang-Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Hai-Mei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mou, Ting-Ting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fronczek, Rolf</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duan, Jin-Feng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Wei-Juan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swaab, Dick</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bao, Ai-Min</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Schizophrenia bulletin</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lu, Jing</au><au>Huang, Man-Li</au><au>Li, Jin-Hui</au><au>Jin, Kang-Yu</au><au>Li, Hai-Mei</au><au>Mou, Ting-Ting</au><au>Fronczek, Rolf</au><au>Duan, Jin-Feng</au><au>Xu, Wei-Juan</au><au>Swaab, Dick</au><au>Bao, Ai-Min</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Changes of Hypocretin (Orexin) System in Schizophrenia: From Plasma to Brain</atitle><jtitle>Schizophrenia bulletin</jtitle><addtitle>Schizophr Bull</addtitle><date>2021-08-21</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>47</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1310</spage><epage>1319</epage><pages>1310-1319</pages><issn>0586-7614</issn><eissn>1745-1701</eissn><abstract>Abstract
Hypocretin (also called orexin) regulates various functions, such as sleep-wake rhythms, attention, cognition, and energy balance, which show significant changes in schizophrenia (SCZ). We aimed to identify alterations in the hypocretin system in SCZ patients. We measured plasma hypocretin-1 levels in SCZ patients and healthy controls and found significantly decreased plasma hypocretin-1 levels in SCZ patients, which was mainly due to a significant decrease in female SCZ patients compared with female controls. In addition, we measured postmortem hypothalamic hypocretin-1-immunoreactivity (ir), ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypocretin-1 levels, and hypocretin receptor (Hcrt-R) mRNA expression in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) in SCZ patients and controls We observed a significant decrease in the amount of hypothalamic hypocretin-1 ir in SCZ patients, which was due to decreased amounts in female but not male patients. Moreover, Hcrt-R2 mRNA in the SFG was decreased in female SCZ patients compared with female controls, while male SCZ patients showed a trend of increased Hcrt-R1 mRNA and Hcrt-R2 mRNA expression compared with male controls. We conclude that central hypocretin neurotransmission is decreased in SCZ patients, especially female patients, and this is reflected in the plasma.</abstract><cop>US</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>33974073</pmid><doi>10.1093/schbul/sbab042</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1935-7603</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Adult Autopsy Female Humans Hypothalamus - metabolism Male Middle Aged Orexin Receptors - metabolism Orexins - blood Orexins - metabolism Prefrontal Cortex - metabolism Regular Schizophrenia - blood Schizophrenia - metabolism Sex Factors |
| title | Changes of Hypocretin (Orexin) System in Schizophrenia: From Plasma to Brain |
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