Yiqi Huoxue Recipe Regulates Autophagy through Degradation of Advanced Glycation End Products via mTOR/S6K1/LC3 Pathway in Diabetic Nephropathy
Background. Yiqi Huoxue recipe can delay the progression of diabetic nephropathy, but its treatment mechanism is still unclear. We aimed to explore the effects of Yiqi Huoxue recipe on autophagy in diabetic nephropathy and its underlying mechanism. Methods. All rats were randomly divided into seven...
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| description | Background. Yiqi Huoxue recipe can delay the progression of diabetic nephropathy, but its treatment mechanism is still unclear. We aimed to explore the effects of Yiqi Huoxue recipe on autophagy in diabetic nephropathy and its underlying mechanism. Methods. All rats were randomly divided into seven groups. The body weight, kidney weight, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, urine protein, urine microprotein, creatinine, urea nitrogen, triglyceride, and lipoprotein were analyzed. HE, Masson, and periodic acid-Schiff staining were used to detect the severity of pathological changes in kidneys. The level of advanced glycation end products was assessed by the ELISA. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to check the expressions of podocin and nephrin. The expression levels of mTOR/S6K1/LC3 pathway-related proteins and mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Results. Yiqi Huoxue recipe significantly elevated body weight and significantly decreased kidney weight and kidney index. Yiqi Huoxue recipe significantly affected the levels of biochemical indicators in diabetic nephropathy and showed a regulatory effect on kidney damage and lipid metabolism disorders. ELISA showed that Yiqi Huoxue recipe significantly reduced the level of advanced glycation end products. The expressions of nephrin and podocin increased significantly, depending on the dosage of Yiqi Huoxue recipe. Additionally, Yiqi Huoxue recipe regulated the expression levels of p-AKT, mTOR, S6K1, and LC3. Conclusion. Yiqi Huoxue recipe regulates podocyte autophagy to promote the degradation of advanced glycation end products through mTOR/S6K1/LC3 pathway. It has a certain guiding significance for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic nephropathy. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1155/2021/9942678 |
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| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8367537</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2562830177</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c382t-737a301661bd81c0f55ae43b9d6082595d1c3923adc1054402f260587f1bc6d73</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kc1u1DAUhSMEoqWw4wEssUGCYfwTx84GaTQtLWJEq1IkWFmO7SSuMnHqn2nzFH1lEs2oEixYnat7Px2dq5NlbxH8hBClSwwxWpZljgvGn2XHiOVokWPOnz_N7NdR9iqEWwhxyRh7mR2RPIeccXqcPf62dxZcJPeQDLg2yg6zNKmT0QSwStENrWxGEFvvUtOCU9N4qWW0rgeuBiu9k70yGpx3o9pvz3oNrrzTScUAdlaC7c3l9fJH8Q0tN2sCrmRs7-UIbA9OraxMtAp8N8NkP0yX8XX2opZdMG8OepL9_HJ2s75YbC7Pv65Xm4UiHMcFI0wSiIoCVZojBWtKpclJVeoCckxLqpEiJSZSKwTp9C2ucQEpZzWqVKEZOck-732HVG2NVqaPXnZi8HYr_SictOLvS29b0bid4KRglMwG7w8G3t0lE6LY2qBM18neuBQEpgXmU0Q2o-_-QW9d8v303kwRUmCI-ER93FPKuxC8qZ_CICjmpsXctDg0PeEf9nhrey3v7f_pP9ILptM</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2563362018</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Yiqi Huoxue Recipe Regulates Autophagy through Degradation of Advanced Glycation End Products via mTOR/S6K1/LC3 Pathway in Diabetic Nephropathy</title><source>Wiley Online Library Open Access</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><creator>Chen, Liang ; Dai, Linghao ; Liu, Yi ; Li, Xinyue ; Wang, Hui</creator><contributor>Dey, Gourav ; Gourav Dey</contributor><creatorcontrib>Chen, Liang ; Dai, Linghao ; Liu, Yi ; Li, Xinyue ; Wang, Hui ; Dey, Gourav ; Gourav Dey</creatorcontrib><description>Background. Yiqi Huoxue recipe can delay the progression of diabetic nephropathy, but its treatment mechanism is still unclear. We aimed to explore the effects of Yiqi Huoxue recipe on autophagy in diabetic nephropathy and its underlying mechanism. Methods. All rats were randomly divided into seven groups. The body weight, kidney weight, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, urine protein, urine microprotein, creatinine, urea nitrogen, triglyceride, and lipoprotein were analyzed. HE, Masson, and periodic acid-Schiff staining were used to detect the severity of pathological changes in kidneys. The level of advanced glycation end products was assessed by the ELISA. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to check the expressions of podocin and nephrin. The expression levels of mTOR/S6K1/LC3 pathway-related proteins and mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Results. Yiqi Huoxue recipe significantly elevated body weight and significantly decreased kidney weight and kidney index. Yiqi Huoxue recipe significantly affected the levels of biochemical indicators in diabetic nephropathy and showed a regulatory effect on kidney damage and lipid metabolism disorders. ELISA showed that Yiqi Huoxue recipe significantly reduced the level of advanced glycation end products. The expressions of nephrin and podocin increased significantly, depending on the dosage of Yiqi Huoxue recipe. Additionally, Yiqi Huoxue recipe regulated the expression levels of p-AKT, mTOR, S6K1, and LC3. Conclusion. Yiqi Huoxue recipe regulates podocyte autophagy to promote the degradation of advanced glycation end products through mTOR/S6K1/LC3 pathway. It has a certain guiding significance for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1741-427X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1741-4288</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2021/9942678</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34408785</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Hindawi</publisher><subject>Advanced glycosylation end products ; AKT protein ; Antibodies ; Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Body weight ; Creatinine ; Diabetes ; Diabetes mellitus ; Diabetic nephropathy ; Drug dosages ; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; Ethanol ; Glucose ; Glycosylation ; Hemoglobin ; Immunofluorescence ; Kidneys ; Kinases ; Lipid metabolism ; mRNA ; Nephropathy ; Phagocytosis ; Proteins ; TOR protein ; Urea ; Western blotting</subject><ispartof>Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine, 2021-08, Vol.2021, p.1-12</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2021 Liang Chen et al.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Liang Chen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Liang Chen et al. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c382t-737a301661bd81c0f55ae43b9d6082595d1c3923adc1054402f260587f1bc6d73</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0108-8254</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8367537/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8367537/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids></links><search><contributor>Dey, Gourav</contributor><contributor>Gourav Dey</contributor><creatorcontrib>Chen, Liang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dai, Linghao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Xinyue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Hui</creatorcontrib><title>Yiqi Huoxue Recipe Regulates Autophagy through Degradation of Advanced Glycation End Products via mTOR/S6K1/LC3 Pathway in Diabetic Nephropathy</title><title>Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine</title><description>Background. Yiqi Huoxue recipe can delay the progression of diabetic nephropathy, but its treatment mechanism is still unclear. We aimed to explore the effects of Yiqi Huoxue recipe on autophagy in diabetic nephropathy and its underlying mechanism. Methods. All rats were randomly divided into seven groups. The body weight, kidney weight, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, urine protein, urine microprotein, creatinine, urea nitrogen, triglyceride, and lipoprotein were analyzed. HE, Masson, and periodic acid-Schiff staining were used to detect the severity of pathological changes in kidneys. The level of advanced glycation end products was assessed by the ELISA. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to check the expressions of podocin and nephrin. The expression levels of mTOR/S6K1/LC3 pathway-related proteins and mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Results. Yiqi Huoxue recipe significantly elevated body weight and significantly decreased kidney weight and kidney index. Yiqi Huoxue recipe significantly affected the levels of biochemical indicators in diabetic nephropathy and showed a regulatory effect on kidney damage and lipid metabolism disorders. ELISA showed that Yiqi Huoxue recipe significantly reduced the level of advanced glycation end products. The expressions of nephrin and podocin increased significantly, depending on the dosage of Yiqi Huoxue recipe. Additionally, Yiqi Huoxue recipe regulated the expression levels of p-AKT, mTOR, S6K1, and LC3. Conclusion. Yiqi Huoxue recipe regulates podocyte autophagy to promote the degradation of advanced glycation end products through mTOR/S6K1/LC3 pathway. It has a certain guiding significance for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.</description><subject>Advanced glycosylation end products</subject><subject>AKT protein</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Autophagy</subject><subject>Body weight</subject><subject>Creatinine</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus</subject><subject>Diabetic nephropathy</subject><subject>Drug dosages</subject><subject>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</subject><subject>Ethanol</subject><subject>Glucose</subject><subject>Glycosylation</subject><subject>Hemoglobin</subject><subject>Immunofluorescence</subject><subject>Kidneys</subject><subject>Kinases</subject><subject>Lipid metabolism</subject><subject>mRNA</subject><subject>Nephropathy</subject><subject>Phagocytosis</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>TOR protein</subject><subject>Urea</subject><subject>Western blotting</subject><issn>1741-427X</issn><issn>1741-4288</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RHX</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc1u1DAUhSMEoqWw4wEssUGCYfwTx84GaTQtLWJEq1IkWFmO7SSuMnHqn2nzFH1lEs2oEixYnat7Px2dq5NlbxH8hBClSwwxWpZljgvGn2XHiOVokWPOnz_N7NdR9iqEWwhxyRh7mR2RPIeccXqcPf62dxZcJPeQDLg2yg6zNKmT0QSwStENrWxGEFvvUtOCU9N4qWW0rgeuBiu9k70yGpx3o9pvz3oNrrzTScUAdlaC7c3l9fJH8Q0tN2sCrmRs7-UIbA9OraxMtAp8N8NkP0yX8XX2opZdMG8OepL9_HJ2s75YbC7Pv65Xm4UiHMcFI0wSiIoCVZojBWtKpclJVeoCckxLqpEiJSZSKwTp9C2ucQEpZzWqVKEZOck-732HVG2NVqaPXnZi8HYr_SictOLvS29b0bid4KRglMwG7w8G3t0lE6LY2qBM18neuBQEpgXmU0Q2o-_-QW9d8v303kwRUmCI-ER93FPKuxC8qZ_CICjmpsXctDg0PeEf9nhrey3v7f_pP9ILptM</recordid><startdate>20210809</startdate><enddate>20210809</enddate><creator>Chen, Liang</creator><creator>Dai, Linghao</creator><creator>Liu, Yi</creator><creator>Li, Xinyue</creator><creator>Wang, Hui</creator><general>Hindawi</general><general>Hindawi Limited</general><scope>RHU</scope><scope>RHW</scope><scope>RHX</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0108-8254</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210809</creationdate><title>Yiqi Huoxue Recipe Regulates Autophagy through Degradation of Advanced Glycation End Products via mTOR/S6K1/LC3 Pathway in Diabetic Nephropathy</title><author>Chen, Liang ; Dai, Linghao ; Liu, Yi ; Li, Xinyue ; Wang, Hui</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c382t-737a301661bd81c0f55ae43b9d6082595d1c3923adc1054402f260587f1bc6d73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Advanced glycosylation end products</topic><topic>AKT protein</topic><topic>Antibodies</topic><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>Autophagy</topic><topic>Body weight</topic><topic>Creatinine</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus</topic><topic>Diabetic nephropathy</topic><topic>Drug dosages</topic><topic>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay</topic><topic>Ethanol</topic><topic>Glucose</topic><topic>Glycosylation</topic><topic>Hemoglobin</topic><topic>Immunofluorescence</topic><topic>Kidneys</topic><topic>Kinases</topic><topic>Lipid metabolism</topic><topic>mRNA</topic><topic>Nephropathy</topic><topic>Phagocytosis</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>TOR protein</topic><topic>Urea</topic><topic>Western blotting</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chen, Liang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dai, Linghao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Xinyue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Hui</creatorcontrib><collection>Hindawi Publishing Complete</collection><collection>Hindawi Publishing Subscription Journals</collection><collection>Hindawi Publishing Open Access</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Proquest Nursing & Allied Health Source</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Psychology</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chen, Liang</au><au>Dai, Linghao</au><au>Liu, Yi</au><au>Li, Xinyue</au><au>Wang, Hui</au><au>Dey, Gourav</au><au>Gourav Dey</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Yiqi Huoxue Recipe Regulates Autophagy through Degradation of Advanced Glycation End Products via mTOR/S6K1/LC3 Pathway in Diabetic Nephropathy</atitle><jtitle>Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine</jtitle><date>2021-08-09</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>2021</volume><spage>1</spage><epage>12</epage><pages>1-12</pages><issn>1741-427X</issn><eissn>1741-4288</eissn><abstract>Background. Yiqi Huoxue recipe can delay the progression of diabetic nephropathy, but its treatment mechanism is still unclear. We aimed to explore the effects of Yiqi Huoxue recipe on autophagy in diabetic nephropathy and its underlying mechanism. Methods. All rats were randomly divided into seven groups. The body weight, kidney weight, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, urine protein, urine microprotein, creatinine, urea nitrogen, triglyceride, and lipoprotein were analyzed. HE, Masson, and periodic acid-Schiff staining were used to detect the severity of pathological changes in kidneys. The level of advanced glycation end products was assessed by the ELISA. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to check the expressions of podocin and nephrin. The expression levels of mTOR/S6K1/LC3 pathway-related proteins and mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Results. Yiqi Huoxue recipe significantly elevated body weight and significantly decreased kidney weight and kidney index. Yiqi Huoxue recipe significantly affected the levels of biochemical indicators in diabetic nephropathy and showed a regulatory effect on kidney damage and lipid metabolism disorders. ELISA showed that Yiqi Huoxue recipe significantly reduced the level of advanced glycation end products. The expressions of nephrin and podocin increased significantly, depending on the dosage of Yiqi Huoxue recipe. Additionally, Yiqi Huoxue recipe regulated the expression levels of p-AKT, mTOR, S6K1, and LC3. Conclusion. Yiqi Huoxue recipe regulates podocyte autophagy to promote the degradation of advanced glycation end products through mTOR/S6K1/LC3 pathway. It has a certain guiding significance for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Hindawi</pub><pmid>34408785</pmid><doi>10.1155/2021/9942678</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0108-8254</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Advanced glycosylation end products AKT protein Antibodies Apoptosis Autophagy Body weight Creatinine Diabetes Diabetes mellitus Diabetic nephropathy Drug dosages Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Ethanol Glucose Glycosylation Hemoglobin Immunofluorescence Kidneys Kinases Lipid metabolism mRNA Nephropathy Phagocytosis Proteins TOR protein Urea Western blotting |
| title | Yiqi Huoxue Recipe Regulates Autophagy through Degradation of Advanced Glycation End Products via mTOR/S6K1/LC3 Pathway in Diabetic Nephropathy |
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